Terraces. Terraced hillsides may require engineering assistance. Contact your C&M Representative for more information.

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2 Allan Block is the ultimate concrete masonry retaining wall system in Australia. The superior colour range and versatile nature of the various components allows designers, architects and engineers to specify with confidence. The aesthetic finish of Allan Block compliments the entire range of C&M paving, architectural masonry and other retaining wall systems for a total design solution in projects of any scale. Allan Block walls require no structural foundation and lock together without pins, clips or mortar. The front lip creates a built-in setback and the hollow core makes them easy to handle, easy to stack and promotes built-in drainage. With a diverse range of colours, sizes, components and a choice of both standard and pitched face finishes, and available in five natural colours, the scope to create stunning walls is limitless. Terraces In some cases it is preferable to terrace a site rather than construct a single wall as this allows for garden beds and stairs between levels to be incorporated into the landscape design. Although terracing improves the look of the landscape, it is important to consider the pressure of the upper wall on the lower wall. The distance between the walls must be greater than 1.5 times the height of the lower wall to ensure the top terrace does not apply loads to the lower wall. This does not take into account global stability issues which need to be considered. Terraced hillsides may require engineering assistance. Contact your C&M Representative for more information. D H2 H1 H2<H1 D>1.5H ALLAN BLOCK THREE OATMEAL Figure 1: Terraced Walls No Reinforcement Required ALLAN BLOCK STONES BONDI BLEND ALLAN BLOCK THREE SUNSTONE

3 Curves, Serpentines & Angles ALLAN BLOCK THREE OATMEAL ALLAN BLOCK AUSSIE BONDI BLEND ALLAN BLOCK AUSSIE BONDI BLEND Whether you select gentle curves or classic straight lines, the Allan Block will satisfy every architectural design. Outside Curve Curved and serpentine walls are easy to build and accent natural landscape forms. To build external curves, remove one or both block wings as you lay the blocks. Consider how tight or gentle you want the curves to be and choose the block or combination of blocks that are best suited for your wall layout. Outside curves are achieved by knocking the lugs off the back of the block. Inside Curve Concave and convex curves can be easily built using the Allan Block system. For setback walls a slight coning will occur on curved walls. Design curved walls so the radius at the top of the wall is at least 1.2m. Refer to table 1 to find the minimum recommended radius at the wall base while maintaining a 1.2m radius at the top of the wall. Setback Wall Height 1.2m 1.8m 2.4m 3.0m m 1.52m 1.6m 1.7m m 1.66m 1.8m 1.9m m 1.8m 2.0m 2.1m Use this chart to find the minimum recommended radius at base of wall. Table 1: AB Radius Chart Figure 2: Angle Curve v Soft Curve Angles Angles require precise cutting and therefore soft curves are more frequently incorporated into designs. Helpful Hints Try to build away from corners and avoid small block cuts at the corners. Soft corners are easier to build than angles. Figure 3: Remove wings for Outside Curves Figure 3: Removing Wing from Back of Block Try to maintain at least 75mm of the block length offset on the lower block as you build curves. Perfect running bond is not necessary with Allan Block.

4 Corners When building corners start from the corners and build away. Always avoid small cut blocks at the corners. Internal Corners Internal corners are constructed using standard Allan Block units. Remove part of the front lip with a chisel or saw and overlap for a strong interlock as detailed in fig 4. External Corners External corners are easily constructed using Allan Block corner units. Each course of cornerstones should alternate between a left and right hand corner unit. Corner units must be ordered as left and right hand units otherwise a straight 50/50 split will be delivered. Note: Colour variation may occur between the corner units and face units due to the manufacturing process. Remove lip Remove lip Figure 4: Internal Corners Steps Figure 5: External Corner Corner Units Many variations of step designs are possible. Step layout for rise and tread needs to be calculated with consideration to the stair tread that best suits your application. Steps can be designed with flowing curves or with right angles. The simplest step designs are built using curves and save time as no cutting of blocks are required. Allan Block s patented front lip provides a built-in edging that works well with the matching capping units, C&M pavers, poured concrete, crushed rock or mulches. Ensure the step treads are secured in place for safe use. Tread ALLAN BLOCK THREE OATMEAL Rise Tread Rise ALLAN BLOCK STONES SUNSTONE

5 Water Applications ALLAN BLOCK CLASSIC OATMEAL ALLAN BLOCK STONES CHARCOAL ALLAN BLOCK CLASSIC CUSTOM COLOUR Allan Block walls can be built on sites where water is present at the base of the wall. These projects are easily handled with a few modifications to standard construction. Water sites typically require a closer inspection of the soil conditions and engineering requirements. Applications Design Criteria Fundamental Considerations Special Applications Retention Ponds Lakeshores Stream Beds Sea Walls Foundation Strength Wall Reinforcement Water Movement Backfill Materials Location Wall geometry Setback Reinforcement Total wall envelope Terraces Water applications Curved walls Allan Block walls built in water applications should be carefully designed by a suitably qualified engineer. ALLAN BLOCK CLASSIC OATMEAL

6 Gravity Walls Allan Block Gravity Walls only up to 1.5m maximum height - in accordance with AS Job Site Backfill Friction Angle, φ AB Junior AB Aussie AB Vertical AB Three AB Classic AB Stones Level Above Wall Poor Soils (25 ) Including sands, gravelly clays, sandy clays & silt clays Average Soils (30 ) Including well graded sands & gravelly sands Good Soils (35 ) Including gravels, sandy gravels & crushed sandstone * * Surcharge of 5 kpa (Driveway) Slope Above Wall in Excess of 1 in 4 & Surcharge of 1.5 kpa 5 kpa 4 1 Poor Soils (25 ) Including sands, gravelly clays, sandy clays & silt clays Average Soils (30 ) Including well graded sands & gravelly sands Good Soils (35 ) Including gravels, sandy gravels & crushed sandstone Poor Soils (25 ) Including sands, gravelly clays, sandy clays & silt clays Average Soils (30 ) Including well graded sands & gravelly sands Good Soils (35 ) Including gravels, sandy gravels & crushed sandstone Table 1: Maximum Heights (mm) for Allan Block - without Grid General Notes: Retaining walls are designed to AS4678 (Including Amendment 1) for Structure Classification A, except for embankment protection up to 800 mm high that is outside the scope of the standard. Standard Wall Construction - Typical Section Gravity Wall 300mm Capping Unit Allan Block Undisturbed Soil All retaining walls shall have a level backfill, except where the tables are for a slope of 1 in 4 and a surcharge of 1.5 kpa. * Wall heights achieved by replacing granular fill (in drainage zone) with No Fines concrete. If imposed load surcharges above these values are applied, these designs will not be appropriate. Segmental gravity walls are based on 0.8 factor on the vertical component of soil friction, for both permanent and imposed soil and surcharge loads. Important: 150mm Please consult with the appropriate council for local design and construction of a retaining wall. Councils in general require that retaining walls be designed and certified by a suitably qualified engineer where the wall is over 500mm in height and/or where there is a load such as a road, driveway, house, building or hydrostatic pressure. 150mm Backfill Fill block cores and 300mm behind block with 12-20mm drain rock 100mm diameter Agricultural Pipe Compacted road base or unreinforced concrete footing (minimum 600mm wide x 150mm deep) on a 150kPa (minimum) safe bearing capacity material, unless noted otherwise by certifying engineer.

7 Construction Guidelines - Gravity Walls Level each block side - to - side & front - to -back Fill Drainage Material in blocks & 300mm behind wall Width = 600mm Depth = 250mm for base plus embedment required as per step 2. Base Material Position string line at the back of AB Units Use a 1.2m level or line level to check the entire base course : Excavation Excavate a trench 600mm wide by a mimimum 250mm deep (This allows for a 150mm leveling pad plus 100mm minimum block embedment). Walls over 3m high will require greater embedment. 02: Leveling Pad Fill trench with road base material and compact to 150mm using a mechanical plate compactor. Alternatively 10MPa unreinforced concrete can be used. 03: First Course Place the first course of blocks onto the leveling pad and align with a string line at the rear of the units. Check blocks are level side to side and front to back tapping with a rubber mallet to make adjustments. It is advisable to allocate considerable time to ensure a level base course. Sand or mortar can be used as a leveling aid. 04: Install Drainage Materials Locate the agricultural drainage pipe behind the wall parallel to the wall face, with a minimum fall to the drainage outlet of 1:100. Fill all voids within the blocks and the area 300mm behind the blocks with clean 12-20mm drainage material to the top of the first course. 05: Backfilling and Compaction Place backfill behind drainage layer. Using a vibrating plate compactor running parallel to the wall, compact the backfill always working out from the wall. If backfilling area is to be left unfinished overnight, ensure final layer is compacted with a slight fall away from the face of the wall. 06: Additional Courses Brush the top of the block to remove excess material. Place the next course of blocks and level side to side and front to back. Repeat steps 3-5 until wall is at finished height. 07: Capping If capping is required, it is suggested that the caps are secured with a cement based flexible adhesive ALLAN BLOCK CLASSIC PITCHED BONDI BLEND

8 Reinforced Soil Walls ALLAN BLOCK STONES PITCHED CHARCOAL ALLAN BLOCK THREE OATMEAL Allan Block segmental retaining walls utilize their shape and weight to resist the lateral earth pressures. They are inherently free draining due to the dry-stacked construction and granular drainage layer immediately behind the wall. Walls below 800mm can generally be classified as gravity walls. Higher walls need to be designed with soil reinforcement that is placed in between layers of compacted backfill. The length, location and grade of the geogrids are determined by calculations based primarily on the following: Surcharges acting on wall (including live, dead and/or seismic) Heights of wall Soil characteristics (retained, foundation & backfill) Materials (type of reinforcement, data available, etc) Standards Australia has published AS4678 for the design and construction of earth retaining structures. For further assistance on the design or specification aspects of retaining walls, please contact your local C&M representative. As a guide, the tables on the next page illustrate typical geogrids layout for the specified site conditions. Important: Please consult with the appropriate council for local design and construction of a retaining wall. Councils in general require that retaining walls be designed and certified by a suitably qualified engineer where the wall is over 500mm in height and/or where there is a load such as a road, driveway, house, building or hydrostatic pressure. Allan Block Reinforced Soil Retaining Wall Drain (minimum 1 in 100 fall) to permanent stormwater system Optional capping unit Compacted clay or similar to seal surface 150mm minimum thickness Minimum fall 1 in 100 Excavation line 600 maximum Allan Block Facing Units Geogrids as per specification Infill material as per specification Compacted road base or unreinforced concrete footing (minimum 600mm wide x 150mm deep) on a 150kPa (minimum) safe bearing capacity material, unless noted otherwise by certifying engineer. Drainage fill as per specification (300mm wide) Slotted PVC ag.pipe draining stormwater at minimum 1 in 100 fall. Position pipe as close to wall as practical, allowing for fall.

9 AB Block Soil Reinforced Walls, Geogrid Table - Guide Only Surcharge Load for all cases = 5kPa Live Load Block Type AB Stones (12 Degree Setback) AB Classic, AB Aussie, AB Junior (6 Degree Setback) AB Vertical, AB Three Soil Types Wall Height H (m) Geogrid Layers Geogrid Height Above Leveling Pad Geogrid Length L (m) No of Geogrid Layers Soil Type (phi) Poor: Soils with friction angle not less than 25, may include sands, gravelly clays and sandy clays. (Expansive clays and organic soil MUST NOT be used). Average: Soils with a friction angle not less than 30, may include gravelly sands, well graded sands. Good: Soils with a friction angle not less than 35, may include gravels, sandy gravels, weathered sandstone, and crushed sandstone. For walls that do not fall under the catagories listed in the table above, please consult your C&M technical representative Notes: 01) Retaining Walls are designed to AS4678 for structure Classification A. All designs are based on the method published by the Concrete Masonry Association of Australia in Manual MA52. Please be advised, these designs are a guide only. 02) The suitability of the information contained in these tables must be referred to a suitably qualified consulting engineer. 03) If imposed surcharges above 5kPa are applied, these designs will not be appropriate. 04) These designs assume no hydrostatic loading. 05) Designs are based on Geogrid strengths - 55kN/m2 (e.g. Miragrid 5XT, Fortrac 55, Rock GX50/30, Tenax TT060, Tensar 55RE) Important: Please consult with the appropriate council for local design and construction of a retaining wall. Councils in general require that retaining walls be designed and certified by a suitably qualified consulting engineer where the wall is over 500mm in height and/or where there is a load such as a road, driveway, house, building or hydrostatic pressure.

10 Construction Guidelines - Reinforced Soil Walls ALLAN BLOCK THREE OATMEAL 01: Bulk Excavation Excavate in accordance with the specific design requirements, allowing enough depth to accomodate the reinforced geogrid zone. 02: Excavation Excavate a trench 600mm wide by a minimum 250mm deep. (This allows for a 150mm leveling pad plus 100mm minimum block embedment). Walls over 3m high will require greater embedment. 03: Leveling Pad Fill trench with road base material and compact to 150mm using a mechanical plate compactor. Alternatively, 10MPa un-reinforced concrete can be used. 04: First Course Place the first course of blocks onto the leveling pad and align with a string line at the rear of the units. Check blocks are level side to side and front to back tapping with a rubber mallet to make adjustments. It is advisable to allocate considerable time to ensure a level base course. Sand or mortar can be used as a leveling aid. 05: Install Drainage Materials Locate the agricultural drainage pipe behind the wall, parallel to the wall face, with a minimum fall to the drainage outlet of 1:100. Fill all voids within the blocks and the area 300mm behind the blocks with 12-20mm clean drainage material to the top of the first course. 06: Backfilling and Compaction After placing drainage material in the block voids and 300mm behind the blocks, place a 200mm layer of approved backfill material on top of the geogrid. All drainage material in the drainage field and infill soils within 1.5m of the wall must be properly compacted using a walk behind plate compactor. Compact in maximum 200mm lifts, starting on top of the wall and working in a path that runs parallel to the wall towards the back of the reinforced zone (Figure 11). Compacting equipment should not make direct contact with geogrids. All heavy equipment must be kept at least 1.2m from the wall face. 07: Geogrid Cut sections of geogrid to specified length. Place geogrid over the block lip and extend back into the reinforced soil zone. Place the next course of blocks on top of the geogrid. Pull taut on the geogrid to remove any slack. Stake geogrid in place before installing drainage and backfill material.

11 Construction Guidelines - Reinforced Soil Walls Machine Direction Figure 9: Determining Geogrid Direction Pull taut and stake in place Figure 10: Install First Layer of Geogrid ALLAN BLOCK THREE OATMEAL 08: Subsequent Courses Repeat steps 4 through 7. Each lift of drainage and backfill material should be installed in the same manner. Compact in lifts of 200mm, the height of one AB unit (Figure 11). Check block for level after compacting each lift, and adjust as needed. 09: Ending and Capping Walls Walls that step down can be easily finished by returning the wall back into the embankment (Figure 12), or use a cornerstone with a split end as the last unit before the wall steps down. AB's patented raised front lip provides a built-in edging for landscape rock, mulch, grass, soil or AB Cappers (Figure 13). Place filter fabric between the drainage zone. Figure 11: Install Additional Courses Figure 12: Final Grading & Topping Off the Wall Lawn Filter Fabric Mulch Cap Filter Fabric Filter Fabric Figure 13: Ending & Topping Walls ALLAN BLOCK STONES SUNSTONE

12 No Fines Concrete No Fines concrete is an ideal alternative to soil reinforcement in areas where excavation for geogrid placement is not practical. i.e. property boundary situations or rock cuttings. Specifications: 10Mpa concrete with a 6:1 ratio (gravel:cement) Density range between 1600kg/m kg/m 3 The void ratio of the mix is expected to be between 20% and 30% and should be free draining This product has zero slump and exerts similar pressures on the soil and formwork, as does loosely poured aggregate No Fines Concrete Wall Standard Wall Construction Typical Section No Fines Concrete T (mm) Capping Unit Allan Block Undisturbed Soil H Backfill 150mm Fill block cores and distance as per table below with no fines concrete 150mm 100mm diameter Agricultural Pipe Compacted road base or unreinforced concrete footing (minimum 600mm wide x 150mm deep) on a 150kPa (minimum) safe bearing capacity material, unless noted otherwise by certifying engineer. Important: Please consult with the appropriate council for local design and construction of a retaining wall. Councils in general require that retaining walls be designed and certified by a suitably qualified engineer where the wall is over 500mm in height and/or where there is a load such as a road, driveway, house, building or hydrostatic pressure. Wall Height H (mm) Retained Soil CLAY φ = 25 (POOR) T (mm) Retained Soil SAND φ = 30 (AVERAGE) T (mm) Retained Soil GRAVEL φ = 35 (GOOD) T (mm) φ Denotes the internal angle of friction of the retained material

13 Construction Guidelines - No Fines Concrete ALLAN BLOCK THREE OATMEAL 01: Excavation Excavate a trench 600mm wide by a minimum 250mm deep. (This allows for a 150mm leveling pad plus 100mm minimum block embedment). Walls over 3m high will require greater embedment. 02 Levelling Pad Place 25 MPa concrete to a depth of 150mm and width of 600mm. ALLAN BLOCK STONES BONDI BLEND 03 First Course Place blocks onto the leveling pad and align with a string line at the rear of the units. Check blocks are level side to side and front to back tapping with a rubber mallet to make adjustments. It is advisable to allocate considerable time to ensuring a level base course. Sand or mortar can be used as a leveling aid. 04 No Fines Concrete Backfill Fill the voids of the block and backfill to the specified depth with no fines concrete. The vertical height of pour should not exceed 600mm. Allow each pour to set prior to laying and pouring subsequent courses. Alternatively the wall may be propped. Note: Remove rear wings of block to ensure mass no fines concrete behind block skin interacts with Allan Block facing units. Refer to figure 3 for how to remove wings. 05 Subsequent Courses Brush the top of the blocks to remove excess material (it is recommended this is done before allowing concrete to set). Place the next course of blocks and level side to side and front to back. Repeat steps 3 & 4 until wall is at finished height. 06 Capping If capping is required, it is suggested that the caps are secured with a cement based flexible adhesive.

14 Other Reinforcement Options See reference 15 Masonry Reinforcement Allan Block retaining walls can be reinforced with the same proven techniques used for conventional masonry walls. Allan Block masonry walls are useful on sites where geogrids are not feasible or cost effective because they rely on a reinforced footing and vertical pilasters to counteract lateral earth pressures. These walls combine the mortarless stability of an Allan Block wall with the tensile strength of the steel rods in pilasters, and the stability of the footing. The design and construction of these walls follow the guidelines outlined in current AS4678 and CMAA MA52. The specific design requirements depend on site and soil conditions, and wall heights. Applications Highway Bridge abutments Industrial sites Sound barriers Water sites Golf Courses Temporary shoring Reinforcement Options Typical Section Capping Unit Allan Block Solid Concrete Grout Dowel reinforcement shall be equal in size and spacing to the stem of reinforcement. Extend dowels to a minumum of 30 bar diametres into the block cores and to within 75mm of the front of the footing. Stem Reinforcement Granular Drainage Rock 12-20mm Less than 10% Fines 100mm Pig Pipe Finished Grade Masonry Soil Nailing Earth anchors, rock bolts 450mm t a Heal Reinforcement Toe Reinforcement Other System Options In addition to basic masonry wall systems, Allan Block can accommodate special reinforcement systems such as rock bolts, earth anchors and soil nailing. u B Friction Key Concrete Footing Earth Anchor Allan Block Unit Geogrid reinforcement, type and length varies per wall design Granular drainage rock 12-20mm, less than 10% fines Loop geogrid and tie to secure connection to spreader pipe Exposed vertical shear face: Rock or Soil Earth anchor, rock anchor, or soil nail Soil Nailing Allan Block Unit Galvanized steel tie from bond beam to anchor nail Rebar Bond Beam Attach tie to anchor and tighten to tension Exposed vertical shear face: Rock or Soil Provide for a bolted connection to the spreader pipe Allow for a seperate pipe to create a continuous span for geogrid connection Provide for a bolted connection to the anchor or tie * Maximum vertical spacing between geogrid connections is 600mm. Maximum Horizontal spacing between anchor or nail location is 3m on center. When considering special applications, unusual job sites or unique reinforcement requirements, contact C&M for engineering and design support. The C&M Technical Services Department has provided assistance to engineering and design professionals worldwide. For further information and case studies contact you local C&M Representitive.

15 Product Guide and Colour Chart Products Type Size (mm) w x h x d Setback No. per m 2 Unit Weight (kgs) Availability No. Per Pallet Oatmeal Bondi Blend Sunstone Biscuit Blend Charcoal AB Junior Vertical 216 x 200 x AB Junior 216 x 200 x AB Aussie Vertical 435 x 200 x AB Aussie 435 x 200 x AB Aussie Pitched Vertical 435 x 200 x AB Aussie Pitched 435 x 200 x AB Cornerstone Short** Lefthand (shown) or Righthand 300 x 200 x 196 Specifically for AB Junior & AB Aussie 19.6 VIC 60 AB Cornerstone Long** Lefthand or Righthand (shown) 400 x 200 x 196 Suitable for all AB products Specifically for AB Smooth Capper 216 x 60 x VIC AB Junior & AB Aussie 240 AB Split Capper Short Specifically for 216 x 80 x AB Junior & AB Aussie 120 AB Split Capper Long Suitable for all 216 x 80 x AB products 120 AB Vertical 435 x 200 x AB Vertical Pitched 435 x 200 x AB Classic 435 x 200 x AB Classic Pitched 435 x 200 x AB Stones 435 x 200 x Further reference material: Reference document - CMAA - Concrete Retaining Structures - Document MA52 For engineering details C&M have available a design manual CD for use by qualified engineers and a Spec Book. Contact C&M to obtain a copy. NOTE: Special colours can be made for large projects Oatmeal 2 Bondi Blend 3 Sunstone 4 Biscuit Blend 5 Charcoal

16 ALLAN BLOCK Commercial Brochure - Ref: CM.AB _K3088