Energy renovation of older brick buildings for residential apartments

Transcription

1 Holistic approach for sustainable retrofit Energy renovation of older brick buildings for residential apartments - with focus on user process, inside wall-insulation and decentralized ventilation CEO/owner ekolab aps and partner e+ a/s Ass. professor at the Aarhus University School of Engineering

2 Energy renovation of older apartment brick buildings Topics Presentation of speaker, ekolab aps and e+ a/s Sustainability, in general and in relation to renovation Concrete measures in a holistic energy renovation Experience from projects on energy renovation

3 Engineer with practical and theoretical knowledge Engineer, Buildings and HVAC (1987) Consulting engineer( ) Associate professor at the Aarhus University School of Engineering (1999-) Partner and owner in engineering firms ( ) Owner and director of the engineering firm Ekolab aps (2016) Partner in interdisciplinary consulting firm e+ a/s (2015) Arbejdsområder: Design, development, education and communication Integrated energy design, low-energy buildings, energy renovation, renewable energy and sustainability in construction Quality development and innovation projects in engineering

4 Presentation of ekolab - Synergy in services and disciplines LOW ENERGY Development Design RENEWABLE ENERGY Education Ekolab has since 2006 done a great number of development projects in renewable energy, new construction and renovation. This knowledge is transferred to design and courses. SUSTAINABILITY

5 Future proofing of older apartment buildings Architectural- and engineering consulting e is for energy, efficiency, + is for added value and synergy. The whole is more than the sum of its parts.

6 References from the gentle to the rational Ved Stranden 14, Copenhagen. Energy renovation of listed mansion with hybrid ventilation, total renovation of cooling installations and improved BMS. 140m2 roof-integrated PV-installation in Christianshavn (2013) AlmenBolig+, 650 low energy housing erected in the Copenhagen area and Jutland ( ) eec-living, winning project in the Sunshine House competition for industrially manufactured passiv house construction. Build in Kolding and Sønderborg ( )

7 Sustainability definition and focus Holistic sustainability is always about environmental, social and economic sustainability. Sustainability on the agende since 1987, Brundtland Report.The 3 columns mentioned at UN world summit in Increasing demands for life-cycle assesment (LCA) and life-cycle cost (LCC) as documentation. Increasing demands for simulations and measurements, as well as commissioning, to be able to document indoor climate.

8 Primary themes in energy renovation Challenges Rentability and value consideration Owner/tenant issue Motivation and inspiration Conservation and transformation Building design and engineering Behaviour of residents Value consideration Increased comfort and health Building conservation Valorisation (rising value of the building) Environment and ressource improvements.

9 Challenges - Conservation and transformation

10 The exploitation of degrees of freedom 1.The challenge must be reduced 2. The possibility space must be opened When first a focus has been chosen, it is difficult to turn around We attempt to take advantage of the great degree of freedom at the start of a project. 3. Insight increases as the project progresses But we also learn as we go Use an iterative process.

11 Different topics in development projects Two projects with theoretical analysis of energy consumption

12 Diffenrent partners in development projects

13 From development to renovation with DGNB Ryesgade 30 Energy renovation + penthouse dwellings Ryesgade 25 User proces Andreas Bjørnsgade Roof renovation+ integrated PV Mønsgade 16 Energy renovation + lofts + integr. PV Ryesgade 25 Energy renovation + lofts + integr. PV + DGNB. Project for Fornyelsesfonden Project for the Ministry of Social Affairs regarding user processes Projecs for EUDP regarding energy savings

14 User proces Knowledge building Development project for the Ministry of Social Affairs: Sustainable and userdriven building renewal Focus on: Better housing quality Better indoor climate Lower energy consumption User involvement in Ryesgade 25 and definition of energy saving concepts. Homepage for user dialogue:

15 Cases Ryesgade 25 Challenges Opportunities

16 Development of program for potentials calculation Regulative compliance check Comfort improvement Selection of energy measures Energy label improvement Environmental improvement Total economy and rent

17 Overall renovation of older blocks of flats Typically used energy- and comfort measures in the projects: 1. New kitchens and bath rooms 2. Merger of rooms/apartments 3. Establishment of roof dwellings 4. Replacement of windows 5. Internal outer wall insulation of street facade. 6. External outer wall insulation on gabble and yard side 7. Demand controlled decentralized mechanical ventional with heat recovery (not in itself a profitable measure) 8. Upgrading of heat installation 9. Upgrading heating and domestic water system 10. Upgrading of automation 11. Possibly intelligent electrical systems

18 The basis for damp surfaces Mold problems appear when condensation is created at the right combination of humidity and surface temperature. Wall insulation and ventilation can control these conditions. Ventilation is a building technical safety precaution when doing internal outer wall insulation.

19 Effective removal of moisture in the dwelling A good and energy efficient ventilation: is demand controlled based on air humidity, inside and out. is demand controlled in relation to where the need is. as much as possible removes moisture at the source.

20 Ryesgade 30 theoretical effect of energy measures lavenergiklasse 1: 35,4 It is possible to achieve significant reductions in space heating in older etageejendomme. Calculated reduction of 73% User behaviour is hugely important for realized energy savings and for indoor climate The reported energy use in 2014 was reduced to around 53%

21 Ryesgade 30 Focus heat savings Internal insulation retrofit: Traditional insulation Compact insulation Vacuum insulation Ventilation: Combination of different ventilation solutions Moisture measurements: Performed in wooden joists to follow the development of different interior facade insulation.

22 Cases test apartment Mønsgade Ventilation The image is taken from the product catalogue, and shows the front, side and bottom of the small control unit. By keeping the finger at one point on the circle as shown, one controls the level of ventilation. After three hours at the chosen setting, the installation returns to automatic control again. If automatic control is desired before that point, one can press the button on the bottom twice. If going on vacation, one should press the button on the side once, to cause the installation to run at the lowest setting.

23 Optimization with micro-ventilation Supported by Fornyelsesfonden and EUDP, InVentilate in cooperation with Ekolab, Teknologisk and Aalborg Universitet developed a micro-ventilation unit, including advanced intelligent control of a network of units.

24 Selected examples of internal insulation The primary focus in the following is internal insulation in apartment buildings with the following types of insulation. All are fully bonded solutions on cleaned surfaces. Kingspan K17: Vapor barrier solution in phenolic foam, lambda 21. Roof solutions optimized in mock-up for Energitag (developed and marketed with E&P). Undergoing testing in trial apartment, and is now being designed in demo property with DGNB certification. IQ-Therm: Breathable solution in PUR foam with calciumsilicate, lambda 31. A slightly more expensive solution than Kingspan, Optimized in case with close supplier dialogue and used in trial apartment as well as part of an analysis on municipal lighthouse project in Copenhagen. Multipor: Breathable solution in foam concrete, lambda 0,43 Lower insulating ability than IQ-Therm, but cheaper. Considered as alternative on municipal lighthouse project in Copenhagen.

25 Breathable insulation Breathable insulation with the products IQ-Therm or Multipor

26 Cases from development in e+ A/S Ryesgade 25 Test apartment Hybrid ventilation: Summer exhaust through the installation and air intake through ventilation window. Winter extraction and supply through the installation. Internal insulation Internal insulation with breathable IQ-Therm insulation 50 mm on wall and 30 mm in reveals. Bonded cleaned wall and finished with breathable paint.

27 Cases from development in e+ A/S Mønsgade 16 test apartment Moisture measurements are carried out from mid-2014 in wooden joists and outer wall to follow the development of different facade insulation (Kingspan)

28 Analysis of window reveals A thickness of 15 mm is used in most projects in regards to light and archictural considerations. The energy difference between 15 og 30 mm insulation is only 1.1 kwh/m2 pr. year in the energy framework, that is, of very limited influence. 30 mm insulation will only increase the surface temperature in the reveal by C.

29 Sustainabel renovation at Ryesgade 25 with DGNB

30 Sustainabel renovation at Ryesgade 25 with DGNB The main criteria Technical quality is hard to raise without limiting the feasibility of the project. Point wise the other main criterias (economy and environmental) can be reduced and we still get a certification. In this project internal 50 mm insulation with Kingspan K17 and decentralized ventilation with AirMaster unit CV 200 was selected.

31 Analysis of renovations effect and impact From DTU s work on an e+ development project with Mønsgade 16 (Aarhus) and Ryesgade 25 (KBh) as cases. The analysis will assess among other things, the energy renovation s impact on energy consumption and power demand, the importance of user habits, the importance of internal insulation and demand-controlled ventilation and the possibilities of low temperature heat. Created by PhD student Maria Harrestrup and Professor Svend Svendsen

32 Framing with theoretical study Mønsgade 16 after renovation Big differences in energy consumption and peak consumption between with and without facade insulation (blue versus red) and improve comfort Marked difference in space heating needs at 20/22 C (dark red versus light red) but less effect on peak comsumption

33 Framing with theoretical study Ryesgade 25 after renovation Windows are a central energy-saving measure and improve comfort! User behaviour can in theory have the same outcome as facade insulation.

34 Central connections in regards to insulation and ventilation Condensation is created on cold (poorly insulated surfaces) which a retrofit of insulation will eliminate The material characteristics of the insulation material, as well as price/performance are central - and good environmental data will influence the choice A typical replacement of windows seals the building, but increases the risk of mold due to increased humidity A combination with ventilation is the technically most optimal solution alongside internal insulation and has comfort related side benefits. Ventilation must be optimized on price, demand control, and comfort (noise/draught) - decentralized seems to be the best Overall assessments and detailed investigations are necessary there are many conditions and multiple truths

35 Central connections the bigger picture Ambitious energy renovation a necessity to reach our climate goals Consideration of strategic maintenance, comfort improvement, and mold prevention increase the relevance of a larger upgrade of the building we must talk about added value in a broad sense The overall solution must be ready for different types of user behaviour user habits can break the calculation There must be a balance between energy renovation and a restructuring of the energy supply an energy reduction of around 50% seems realistic, but it theoretically needs to be 75% CO2-equivalents are the current environmental indicator, but the restructuring of the energy supply makes this too narrow a focus Generally, large amounts of material can be used in renovation to achieve energy savings, without compromising the LCA