Pufendorf Indoor. Building design and performance Dilemmas between the demand and the complexity in reality LARS-ERIK HARDERUP, JOHAN STEIN, YUJING LI

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1 Building design and performance Dilemmas between the demand and the complexity in reality LARS-ERIK HARDERUP, JOHAN STEIN, YUJING LI BUILDING PHYSICS; BUILDING MATERIALS, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

2 What do we want from a building? Sheltering

3 What do we want from a building? Convenience

4 What do we want from a building? Comfort

5 What do we want from a building? Aesthetics

6 chemicals Danger IAQ _ Security Shelter Indoor activities H 2 O indoors Humidity Comfort Demand for comfort Bio growth O 2 /CO 2 ratio Culture Climate change Aethetics Heating /cooling Heat loss Light/big window ventilation _ Insulation Energy cost Energy consumption

7 chemicals Danger IAQ _ Shelter Indoor activities H 2 O indoors Humidity Bio growth Security Comfort Demand for comfort _ O 2 /CO 2 ratio Culture _ Climate change _ Aethetics Heating /cooling Heat loss Light/big window _ ventilation _ Insulation Energy cost Energy consumption

8 Energy saving Building design Sustainable resource use Building regulations Policies Insulation Building Materials Ventilation Lighting Noise Human health Chemical emissions Energy consumption Moisture problem Indoor Environment Biological emissions Productivity / learning Cost of the society Human indoor activities Thermal comfort Heating/cooling Outdoor Environment

9 Builder s idea house Thick wall Small window Nobody lives there...

10 Controling indoor climate Climate shell Ventilation Heating / Cooling Affected by: Exterior climate Activities Cooking, Manufacturing etc Users Number and their activities Materials

11 Reducing energy use - heating Shape Few windows

12 Many conflicting goals Some typical: Energy Cost Comfort/Health Aesthetics

13 Examples of problems

14 Slab foundations - moisture and heat Optimizing insulation under a concrete slab foundation concerning energy and moisture causes completely different solutions. Heat Heat & Moisture Moisture Heat & Moisture in practice

15 Miljonprogrammet - Lack of information Adding interior insulation since brick exterior was considered to be in good state. Insufficient examination of the building failed to find formaledhyde-urea foam injected after completion Ventilation schedule

16 Windows placement in walls Aesthetics decide placement Energy demands add more insulation which makes it more difficult to fasten windows Solution will be more costly and adds risk possibly shortening life expectancy

17 Bo01 simulating energy use Annika Nilsson, 2003

18 Historical buildings - changes Adding HVAC system to a theatre causes shrinkage in wooden beams effects on murals? Churches changing heating and use affects moisture states affecting murals etc

19 Examples of problems Energy saving/moisture safety Climate change/rules of thumb Higher demands/complexity Wet rooms - moisture safety/accessibility Thickness of cast-in-situ concrete between floor levels Comfort/complexity

20 Priorities will vary Priorities and timescale of involvement varies: Build to use Build to let Build to sell Decisions are based on priorities and consequences of breaking rules. Marketed solutions might not handle everything that has to be considered.

21 Priorities??!?! What should be handled? When? By whom? Regulations based on knowledge Combinations of emissions Pushing the limits increases risk. Climate change.

22 Thank you!

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