温熱環境に配慮した分譲マンションの住戸計画に関する基礎的研究

Transcription

1 カテゴリー Ⅰ 日本建築学会計画系論文集第 80 巻第 717 号, ,2015 年 11 月 J. Archit. Plann., AIJ, Vol. 80 No. 717, , Nov., 2015 DOI 温熱環境に配慮した分譲マンションの住戸計画に関する基礎的研究 外皮平均熱貫流率及び暖房負荷のデータベースの作成と分析例 BASIC STUDY ON THERMAL ENVIRONMENT OF CONDOMINIUM DWELLING UNITS Database creation and analysis example of heating load and envelope average U-value 二瓶士門 *, 佐藤慎也 ** ***, 平生進一 Shimon NIHEI, Shinya SATOH and Shinichi HIRAO To examine the feasibility of incorporating a thermal environment in condominium dwelling unit designs, we assembled detailed drawings of building elements and net quantities to create an architectural planning and design database. Using this database, we then compared the envelope average U-value (hereafter referred to as UA) with external factors such as adjacent buildings and orientation to clarify the effect on UA and heating load. We then compared UA and heating load, excluding external factors, with the individual building elements to determine ways to achieve high energy-saving performance with respect to each building element. Keywords: Condominium, 3LDK, Building Envelope, Envelope Average U-value, Heating Load 3LDK CO Q UA nldk 11) 3LDK 12) UA UA UA 15 1) 2) UA UA 3) UA * 日本大学理工学部建築学科 ** 日本大学理工学部建築学科 *** メック eco ライフ 顧問 助手 工修准教授 工博 Research Assist., Dept. of Architecture, College of Science & Technology, Nihon Univ., M. Eng. Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Architecture, College of Science & Technology, Nihon Univ., Dr. Eng. Technical Adviser., MEC eco LIFE CO., LTD. 2429

2 3LDK 80 UA 2,000 UA 22 2,229 3LDK 1, ) FL UA 19 3LDK UA UA UA UA 5F F 6 7F 6 7F 8 10F 8 10F 1114F 1114F 15F 15F 5F 25% 5 75% 10 13' 4LDK (11) 3LDK 3LDK 4LDK (57) 3LDK(1603) 1LDK (134) 2LDK (424) 3LDK 3LDK () () LDK 2LDK 2LDK 4LDK 1LDK 25% 5 75%

3 LDK % 7.82m 6m 57.1% LDK 43.6% %406 3LDK 29.9% % % 35.7% 14.8% 27.9% UA 11/114/17 20 LDK OFF LDK OFF 0.15 LDK 0.6 /h 0.5 /h 0.6 /h UA UA0.87 1, UA % UA 11 n=1, n= UA UA r

4 12 17 UA 0.17 UA 0.16 UA UA Q 0.22 UA 0.07 UA 0.30 UA UA UA UA 0.54 UA UA0.87 :UA r r r

5 UA UA UA UA UA UA UA UA UA UA [W/(K)] UA [W/(K)] UA [W/(K)] UA UA UA (m) UA [W/(K)] UA UA UA UA (m) UA [W/(K)] (m) (m) UA [W/(K)] (m) (m) UA [W/(K)] UA [W/(K)] UA [W/(K)] UA [W/(K)] UA [W/(K)] UA [W/(K)] 2433

6 UA UA UA [W/(K)] UA [W/(K)] UA [W/(K)] UA UA UA [W/(K)] UA [W/(K)] UA [W/(K)] UA LDK LDK UA UA UA UA UA UA UA UA UA UA UA eco UA 2434

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9 BASIC STUDY ON THERMAL ENVIRONMENT OF CONDOMINIUM DWELLING UNITS Database creation and analysis example of heating load and envelope average U-value Shimon NIHEI *, Shinya SATOH ** and Shinichi HIRAO *** * Research Assist., Dept. of Architecture, College of Science & Technology, Nihon Univ., M. Eng. ** Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Architecture, College of Science & Technology, Nihon Univ., Dr. Eng. *** Technical Adviser., MEC eco LIFE CO., LTD. Introduction: Since 2013, the total number of condominium dwelling units has exceeded 6.01 million to become a widely used residential option throughout society. Since the introduction of the Kyoto Protocol, reducing the use of CO2 in civilian sectors has become a matter of environmental urgency. The Act on the Rational Use of Energy was revised to mandate the application of energy-saving standards to all buildings. Building owners and industry suppliers have been encouraged by economic incentives to apply energy-saving measures, and it is anticipated that the ongoing construction and availability of condominiums will continue. However, the feasibility of incorporating thermal environment considerations into condominium dwelling unit designs to achieve high energy-savings is still unclear. To address this issue, attention is being focused on the quantitative measurement and evaluation of the envelope average U-value (hereafter referred to as UA) and heating loads of condominium dwelling units to better understand the concept of thermal environment. In this study, we analyze these factors by focusing on the building elements in the architectural planning and design of dwelling units. Method: To provide sufficient case examples from condominium suppliers, we first assembled a collection of detailed drawings and sun shadow diagrams. We then determined the net quantities of the identified building elements in all the dwelling units and created a database of the building envelopes and external factors (adjacent buildings and orientation) to perform a factor analysis. For consistency in the analysis, only 3LDK units (units with a living room, dining room, and kitchen) around Tokyo were assigned as study targets. The UA of the 1603 case examples were compared with their heating loads, as calculated by building energy simulations to determine the effect on UA and heating load. Next, we compared UA and the heating loads of middle-floor dwelling units, where there was no adjacent building in front of the main opening, with the building elements to determine trends regarding which UA and heating loads were most favorable. Results: First, UA and heating load were evaluated for each building elements of dwelling unit design using a scatter diagram. As a result, some of the building elements showed correlations with both heating load and UA, some of the other elements showed correlations with either one of the compared, and the rest showed no correlation with the compared. Therefore, to analyze the effect of UA and heating load on dwelling unit design in consideration of thermal environment with quantitative indicators such as dimensions or ratios, correlations between the heating load and each building element under equalized conditions including external factors were examined by differential analysis. The result showed that, under certain conditions, some of the building elements had correlations with UA and heating load, providing us a guideline for dwelling unit design with which heating load can be suppressed. Conclusions: To confirm the heating load effects and UA produced in real conditions, we evaluated and clarified the factors of UA and heating loads using a scatter diagram. Then, to enable thermal environmental factors to be incorporated into dwelling unit designs and thereby achieve high energy-saving performance, we used a scatter diagram with two parameters heating load excluding external factors and building elements in architectural planning and design to analyze the performance of each building element. In future work, in addition to heating load, it will be important to clarify the relationships between the cooling load and building elements, and between the thermal environment and the room layout or residential lifestyle. (2015 年 5 月 10 日原稿受理,2015 年 8 月 17 日採用決定 ) 2437