International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research e-issn No.: , Date: April, 2016

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1 International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research e-issn No.: , Date: April, 2016 Identifying the Cause of Delay in Construction Industry in Mumbai Region Suhas G. Awari 1, Manisha Jamgade 2, Dr. Ushadevi Patil 3 1. PG Student of Civil Engg. Dept, Pillai HOC College of Engineering and Technology, Rasayani, Panvel, Maharashtra, INDIA. 2. Asst. Professor of Civil Engg. Dept, Pillai HOC College of Engineering and Technology, Rasayani, Panvel, Maharashtra, INDIA. 3. Professor of civil Engg. Dept, Dr. D.Y.Patil Institute of Engineering and Technology,Ambi, Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA. Abstract - The Construction industry is one of the main sectors that provide important ingredients for the development of an economy. This paper aims to identify the main causes of delay and method to minimizing delay in construction project in Mumbai and Navi Mumbai. This paper presents the framework of causes of delay in construction project. Total 52 causes were identified under 8 different groups. The overall results indicate that the most important cause in construction project delays in contractor s payment by owner, design change by owner or consultant during construction, partial payment during construction, shortage of material, shortage of labour & equipment, mistakes in design & document, change in the material specification & change the concrete grade, slow decision making. This study is carried out based on literature review & Questionnaire survey. Keywords-Construction project, Causes of delay, Relative important index, Mumbai & Navi Mumbai I. INTRODUCTION Delay could be defined as the time overrun & Cost overrun either beyond completion date specified in a contract or beyond the date that the parties agree upon for delivery of a project. Planned schedule and is considered as common problem in construction projects. Delay in construction project is considered one of the most common problems causing a multitude negative effect on the project and its participating parties. Construction projects are composed of many interrelated elements of labour, cost, material, schedule and other resources, making it difficult to discern which factors were the main causes for delay on a given project. Companies would be able to avoid or minimize these delays if major contributing factors were identified and planned for in a timely manner. These factors are identified and their importance and contribution to the lateness of a typical project is measured. The objective of this research is to identify and rank the relative importance of factors perceived by owners, consultants, managers, engineers and contractors to cause delay in construction projects. Delay means non-completion of project within the specified duration agreed upon in contract. It is widely accepted that construction project schedule plays a key role in project management due to its influence on project success. Delays are common in various construction projects and cause considerable losses to project All rights Reserved 1

2 II. OBJECTIVES a) To identify the causes of construction delay in construction project b) To identify the effect of construction delay in construction project c) To identify the means of minimizing construction delay in construction project d) To conduct a Questionnaire Survey among the construction companies in Mumbai & Navi Mumbai areas to identify the delay causes and rank them by RII(Relative importance index) method. III. LITERATURE REVIEW In 2010, Frank D.K. Fugar and Adwoa B. Agyakwah-Baah research on the relative importance of the individual causes and the groups were calculated and ranked by their relative importance index. The overall results of the study indicate that the respondents generally agree that financial group factors ranked highest among the major factors causing delay in construction projects in Ghana. The financial group factors were delay in honouring payment certificates, difficulty in accessing credit and fluctuation in prices. Materials group factors are second followed by scheduling and controlling factors. (4) In 2008, M. E. Abd El-Razek, H. A. Bassioni, and A. M. Mobarak identify the Delay in construction projects is considered one of the most common problems causing a multitude of negative effects on the project and its participating parties. This paper aims to identify the main causes of delay in construction projects in Egypt from the point of view of contractors, consultants, and owners. The overall results indicated that the most important causes are: financing by contractor during construction, delays in contractor s payment by owner, design changes by owner or his agent during construction, partial payments during construction, and non utilization of professional construction/contractual management.(5) In 2015, Anup Wilfred, Muhamad Sharafudeen research on the causes and effect of Construction Projects have now turned out to be one of the major driving forces behind a country s economic development. But the progress and profitability of the projects are compromised when delays happen in these construction projects. In this study, the major delay causes in Indian Construction Industry is identified through literature review and a questionnaire survey conducted among the Clients, Contractors and Consultants. A total of forty two delay causes were identified which were then categorized under nine major groups. These delay causes were then ranked using two techniques: Relative Importance Index and Importance Index based on degree of severity and frequency of occurrence. (7) IV. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Problem Identification Literature Review Determination of Delays Factors Questionnaire Survey Data collection Analysis and discussions All rights Reserved 540

3 Conclusion Figure. Methodology Chart V. QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY A questionnaire survey was conducted to quantitatively confirm the list of causes obtained from the interviews and identify the most important causes of delay. The questionnaire was divided into two parts: Part 1 participant s personal information e.g., contacts information, age, position, and experience and Part 2 project information e.g., measurement of the importance of the causes of delay The 52 causes of delay were grouped according to responsibility contractor, consultant, owner, and common responsibility. Each cause of delay was measured on a Likert scale using five options Very low contributing, Low contributing, Medium contributing, High contributing, Very high contributing Under the responsibility of the contractor there were the following causes shortage in construction materials, slow delivery of materials, shortage in labour, poor labour productivity, shortage in equipment, Changing material specification and there approvals unskilled operators, poor equipment productivity, financing by contractor during construction, preparation of shop drawings and material samples, errors committed due to lack of experience, accidents during construction, controlling subcontractors by main contractor in the execution of work, and lack of database in estimating activity duration and resources. The difficulty in gathering questionnaires by post, the expectation of a very low response rate with this approach, the data were gathered in person. A total of 45 questionnaires, representing 45 projects, were involved in this study, which were obtained from 26 participants. These participants were distributed as 26 contractors, 07 consultants, and 12 owners VI. DATA ANALYSIS The data analysis is determined to establish the relative importance of various factors that contribute to causes, effects, and minimization if construction delays. Analysis of data consists of the following: 1) Calculating the Relative Importance Index (RII) 2) Ranking of factors in each category based on the Relative Importance Index (RII) RII= Where, RII is the Relative Importance Index, W = weighting given to each factor by the respondents (ranging from 1 to 5) A = highest weight (i.e. 5), N = total number of respondents. VII. CONCLUSION Present study outlines that the different causes of delay for construction projects in Mumbai and Navi Mumbai. From literature survey and interviews of experts, 52 causes of delay in 8 different groups were evaluated. In present study total 45 questionnaires distributed through various groups present in government and privet construction projects in Mumbai and Navi Mumbai areas out of which 26 responses received. From collected data delay happen due to slow decision making, on time change material grads and requirement, delays in contractor s payment by owner, mistakes in design document this causes manly in government project and in private project contractor s payment by owner, shortage material, shortage of labour & All rights Reserved 541

4 REFERENCES [1]Owolabi James D1, Amusan Lekan M, Oloke C. O, Olusanya O, Tunji- Olayeni P, OwolabiDele, PeterJoy, OmuhIgnatious, Causes and Effect of delay on Project construction Delivery Time International Journal of Education and Research Vol. 2 No. 4 April 2014 [2] Divya.R, S.Ramya, Causes, Effects and Minimization of Delays in Construction Projects National Conference on Research Advances in Communication, Computation, Electrical Science and Structures (NCRACCESS-2015) [3]Ghulam Abbas Niazai, Kassim Gidado Causes of Project Delay in the Construction Industry in Afghanistan International Journal of pure and applied research in engineering and technology, IJPRET, 2014 [4] Frank D.K. Fugar, Adwoa B. Agyakwah-Baah Delays in Building Construction Projects in Ghana Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, 10 (1/2) , 2010 [5] M. E. Abd El-Razek, H. A. Bassioni, and A. M. Mobarak, Causes of Delay in Building Construction Projects in Egypt Journal of Construction Engineering and Management ASCE / November 2008 [6] Megha Desai, Rajiv Bhatt, Critical Causes of Delay in Residential Construction Projects: Case Study of Central Gujarat Region of India International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) - Volume4Issue4- April 2013 [7] Anup Wilfred, Muhamad Sharafudeen, A Methodology to Identify the Delays and Rank its Causative factors in Indian Construction Industry International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume: 02 Issue: 03 June-2015 [8] Nitin B. Vidhate, Dr. Ushadevi Patil A methodology for identifying the different causes of delay in building construction projects. International Journal of pure and applied research in engineering and technology, Volume 3 (9): , IJPRET, 2015 Appendix I Classification of Cause of Delay Sr. Causes of Delay No. 1 Original contract duration is too short 2 Legal disputes b/w various parties 3 Ineffective delay penalties 4 Effect of subsurface condition (e.g. soil, high water table, hard rock) 5 Traffic control and restriction at job site 6 Unavailability of utilities in site (e.g. water) 7 Accident during construction 8 Type of project bidding and award (negotiation, lowest price, etc.) 9 Slow decision making 10 Delay in progress payments by owner 11 Delay to deliver the site to the contractor by owner 12 Late in approving design documents by owner 13 Poor communication and coordination by owner and other parties 14 Unclear and inadequate details in drawings 15 Quality assurance/control 16 Delay in performing inspection and testing by consultant 17 Delay in approving major changes in the scope of work by consultant 18 Late in reviewing and approving design documents by consultant 19 Difficulties in financing project by contractor 20 Poor site management and supervision 21 Ineffective planning and scheduling of project Group Project Owner All rights Reserved 542

5 22 Rework due to errors during construction 23 Delay in sub-contractor work 24 Inadequate contractor experience 25 Improper construction methods implemented by contractor 26 Poor qualification & less experience of the contractor s technical staff 27 Mistakes and discrepancies in design documents 28 Delays in producing design documents 29 Unclear and inadequate details in drawings 30 Insufficient data collection and survey before design 31 Misunderstanding of owner s requirements by design engineer 32 Shortage of construction material in market 33 Delay in material delivery 34 Changes in material types and specification during construction 35 Delay in manufacturing special building materials 36 Shortage of labour, equipment 37 Unqualified workforce 38 Low productivity level of labour& equipment 39 Equipment availability and failure 40 Wrong selection of Equipment 41 Weak motivation for Labour 42 Labour fatigue 43 Weather effect (hot, rain, etc.) 44 Environmental restrictions 45 Changes in government regulations and law 46 Slow permit by government/municipality 47 Delay in performing final inspection and certification by third party 48 Lack of communication b/w parties 49 Worker strike 50 Corruption 51 Natural disasters ( flood, landslides, ) Contractor Design Materials Equipment & Labour All rights Reserved 543

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