EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION OF SUGARCANE BAGASSE ASH AND MARBLE DUST IN MANUFACTURING OF SUSTAINABLE CLAY BRICKS

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1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 11, November 2018, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_09_11_091 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION OF SUGARCANE BAGASSE ASH AND MARBLE DUST IN MANUFACTURING OF SUSTAINABLE CLAY BRICKS M.Mohan, Dr.N.Gurumoorthy and A.Chandrasekar Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul, India. ABSTRACT Burnt clay brick is one in the entire most important and wide used building unit in masonry construction all over the world. In India every year huge quantity of waste was produced by industries. Such a waste should be disposed in a useful way. The current researches also focus on utilization of waste produced by industry for environmental and technical reason. Manufacturing of bricks using waste materials can improve the brick performance at low production cost leading to more sustainable construction. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Sugarcane Bagasse ash and Marble Dust produced by industries was collected from the location of Theni and Dindigul. Brick specimens were manufactured using waste materials (Sugarcane Bagasse ash and Marble Dust) with various mix proportions (10%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, mechanical and durability property of these bricks were studied. It was observed that clay bricks incorporating sugarcane bagasse ash and marble dust exhibited lower compressive strength compare to that of clay bricks without Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Marble Dust. Brick specimen incorporating Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SBA) and Marble Dust (MD) which resulted into lesser unit weight and resistance against efflorescence. Key words: Sustainable Bricks, Sugarcane Baggase Ash and Marble Dust, Mechanical and Durability properties. Cite this Article: M.Mohan, Dr.N.Gurumoorthy and A.Chandrasekar, Effective Utilization of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Marble Dust in Manufacturing of Sustainable Clay Bricks, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(11), 2018, pp editor@iaeme.com

2 M.Mohan, Dr.N.Gurumoorthy and A.Chandrasekar 1. INTRODUCTION Bricks are the one of the oldest manufactured building materials in the world. As early as BC, hand moulded and sun ride clay bricks were found in the lowest layers of Nile deposits in the Egypt. Clay was also ancient Mesopotamia s most important raw material and most buildings during that time where made of clay bricks. The fired clay bricks are further developed as archaeological traces discovered in early civilization. Brick is one of the most important masonry units. It has the widest range of product due to its unlimited of patterns and colours. Brick is durable and has developed with time. Clays was used for brick making with proper composition and are dependent on the locality from which the soil originates. Different propositions of the clay are composed viz. silicon, alumina, lime, iron, manganese, sulphur and phosphates. Many attempts have been made to incorporate waste into the production of brick in order to reducing its cost and utilizing the wastes such as rubber, limestone dust, wood sawdust, sugarcane bagasse ash, fly ash, marble dust, etc. also recycling such waste by incorporating them into building materials is a practical solution for environmental problem. 2. RESEARCH SIGINIFICANCE This paper describes the utilization of different waste viz. sugar cane bagasse ash and marble dust separately into fired clay bricks. In this study investigations on the physical and mechanical properties of bricks were discussed. Most manufactured bricks with different types of waste have shown positive effects on the properties of fired clay bricks. The main focus of the investigation was to study the material properties of bricks made by using SBA, MD individually and to compare the normal bricks with bricks made by using waste material. In order to dispose the waste material (SBA & MD) in an effective way. 3. MATERIALS USED: The materials like Red soil, Black soil and Clay soil were main constituents of the brick along with industrial wastes like sugarcane bagasse ash and marble dust were utilized. The physical properties and nature of each material are discussed below. 3.1 Red Soil Red soil is a type of soil the develops in a warm, temperature, moisture climate under deciduous or mixed forest and that have thin organic and organic mineral layers over laying a yellowish brown leached layer testing on a alluvial red layer as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 Red soils Figure 2 Black Soils editor@iaeme.com

3 Effective Utilization of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Marble Dust in Manufacturing of Sustainable Clay Bricks 3.2. Black Soil Black soils are derivatives of trap lava and are spread. These are mostly clay soils and form deep cracks during dry season as shown on Figure Clay Soil Clay is a fine grained-natural rock or soil material that combines one or more clay minerals with traces of metal oxides and organic matter as shown in Figure 3. Figure 3 Clay Soil Figure 4 Sugarcane Bagasse Ash 3.4. Sugarcane Bagasse Ash Bagasse is the fibrous matter that remains after sugarcane over sorghum stalks is crushed to extract their juice as shown in Figure 4 and In order to analyse material properties, EDAX test was carried out at Gandhigram Rural Inistitute as show in Figure 5 cps/ev Cl 8 K C Fe Na Ca O Mg 6 Si P Cl K Ca Fe kev Figure 5 Chemical composition of SBA by EDAX 3.5. Marble Dust Marble is a metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate materials, most commonly calcite or dolomite Marble may be foliated. Geologists use the term marble to refer to metamorphosed limestone however, stonemasons use that term more broadly to encompass metamorphosed limestone. Marble is commonly used for sculpture and as a building material. And the marble dust which is collected from New Marble House, Dindigul is shown in Figure 6 and In order to analyse material properties, EDAX test was carried out at Gandhigram Rural Inistitute as shown in Figure editor@iaeme.com

4 M.Mohan, Dr.N.Gurumoorthy and A.Chandrasekar Figure 6 Marble dust cps/ev C Fe Ca O Al Si Ca Fe kev Figure 7 Chemical composition of Marble Dust by EDAX 3.6 Preparation of specimen As per codal procedure, specimen was prepared by following the sequence of process like mining, cleaning, storage, tempering, moulding, drying and burning. After burning process, the bricks was stored and transported to laboratory to check their properties as per IS 3495(PART 1 4) 4. INVESTIGATION RESULTS As per IS 3495 (part 1 4), procedures are adopted for testing a burnt clay bricks such as Compressive Strength, Efflorescence, Colour Test, Shape and Size, Soundness Test, Structure Test and Hardness Test COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH This test is done to know the compressive strength of brick. Here the strength was examined both Marble Dust and Sugarcane Baggase Ash separately breaks editor@iaeme.com

5 Effective Utilization of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Marble Dust in Manufacturing of Sustainable Clay Bricks Figure 8 Compressive Strength Results (MD) Figure 9 Compressive Strength Results (SBA) From the above Figure 8 and 9, we can able to understand that, the results of compressive strength for various percentage of waste material (Marble dust and SBA) replaced with clay soil. From this graph we can easily conclude that 30% of MD (94.99 MPa) & 20%of SBA (70.55 MPa) replacements which shows the better results compare all other percentage of replacement WATER ABSORPTION TEST Water absorption can be calculated using the following formula Water absorption = [(W2-W1) / W1] x100 Table 1 Water Absorption Test Result on bricks made by MD Sl.No Proportion W1 W2 Percentage of (Wet Weight) (Dry Weight) Water Absorption 1. 10% % % % % Table 2 Water Absorption Test Result on bricks made by SBA Sl.No Proportion W1 W2 Percentage of ( Dry Weight) (Wet Weight) Water Absorption 1. 10% % % % % From the above Table 1 and 2, we can able to understand that, the result of water absorption for various percentage of waste material MD and SBA replaced with clay soil. From this table, we can easily conclude that 10% of replacement MD and SBA shows the better result compared to all other percentage of replacement editor@iaeme.com

6 M.Mohan, Dr.N.Gurumoorthy and A.Chandrasekar 4.3 EFFLORESCENCE TEST The presence of alkalies in bricks is harmful and they form a gray or white layer on brick surface by absorbing moisture. To find out the presence of alkalis in brick this test is performed. In this test a brick is immersed in fresh water for 24 hours and then it s taken out from water and allowed to dry in shade. If the whitish layer is not visible on surface it proofs that absence of alkalis in brick. If the whitish layer visible about 10% of brick surface the presences of alkalis is in acceptable range. If that is about 50% of surface then it is moderate. If the alkalis presence is over 50% then the brick is severely affected by alkalis. The bricks made with MD and SBA are show slight deposit of salts (10 %) as shown in Figure 10. Figure 10 Efflorescence Test 4.4 SOUNDNESS TEST Soundness test of bricks shows the nature of bricks against sudden impact. In this test two bricks are held by both hands and struck with one another. If the brick give a clear metallic ringing sound and don t break then those are good quality bricks. The brick made with MD and SBA gives clear sound as mentioned in the codal provision as shown in Figure 11. Figure 11 Soundness Test Figure 12 Hardness Test 4.5 HARDNESS TEST A good brick should resist scratches against sharp things. So, for this test a sharp tool or finger nail is used to make scratch on brick. In this test a scratch is made with hard thing on brick surface made with SBA and MD as shown in Figure 12. It doesn t left any impression on brick then it shows a good quality brick editor@iaeme.com

7 Effective Utilization of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Marble Dust in Manufacturing of Sustainable Clay Bricks 5. CONCLUSION Experimental investigation have been conducted to study the suitability of Sugarcane Bagasse ash and Marble Dust waste in the manufacturing of sustainable clay bricks and the following conclusion were made, Sugarcane Bagasse ash and marble waste content up to 45 wt.% can be incorporated into clay soil, without degrading their mechanical properties. The presence of sugarcane bagasse ash and Marble wastes resulting in energy saving and waste reduction. The incorporation of sugarcane bagasse and marble dust in brick production anticipates safe for the health an environmentally friendly recycling products. The Compressive strength test on bricks made by using marble dust shows that 30% (94.99 MPa) of replacement which shows the better result compare to all other percentage of replacement. Similarly 20% SBA shows higher compressive compare to remaining percentage of replacement of SBA. The level of water absorption is 10.91% and 12.81% for Marble Dust and Sugarcane Bagasse ash respectively. It shows that absorption level is low compare to the absorption level of normal bricks (13.44%). From our investigation on bricks made by using Mable Dust and Sugarcane Bagasse waste shows good result compare to control bricks. REFERENCES [1] Aeslina Abd Kadir & Norlizawa Maasom( 2013),, Recycling Sugarcane Bagasse Ash Waste into Fired Clay Bricks, Internation Journal of Zero Waste Generation;ISSN , Volume 1, pp.1. [2] Bilgin, N. Aoeprem, H. Arslan, S. Bilgin, A. Gunay, E. & Marsoglu, M.(2012) Use of Waste Marble Powder in Brick Industry, Journal of Construction and Building Materials, Volume 29, pp [3] Dhanapandiana, S. & Shanthib, M.(2009) Utilization of Marble Dust Waste in Brick Products, Journal of Industrial Polution Control, Volume 25 (2), pp [4] Faria, K.C.P. Gurgel, R.F. Holanda, J.N.F.(2012) Recycling of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash Waste in the Production of Clay Bricks, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 12, pp. 11. [5] IS 1528 (Part 15) : 2007 Iso 5017:1998 Methods of Sampling and Physical Tests for Refractory Materials. [6] IS 3495 : 1992 ( Part 1-4) Methods of Test of Burnt Clay Building Bricks [7] Mangesh, V. Madurwar, Sachin, A. Mandavgane and Rahul, V. Ralegaonkar, [8] (2000) Use of Sugarcane bagasse ash as brick material Institute of Technology, Volume 21, pp [9] Mucahit Sutcu, Hande Alptekin, Ertugrul Erdogmus, Yusuf Er, Osman Gencel,(2014) Characteristics of fired clay bricks with waste marble powder addition as building materials, Volume 5, pp [10] Rohan Rajput, Mayank Gupta,(2016) Utilization of bagasse ash a brick materials, international Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume 03, Issue: 08. [11] Viruthagiri, G. Sathiya priya, S. Shanmugam, N(2014). Reuse of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) for Clay Brick Production, Research paper, Volume 4, Issue editor@iaeme.com