2010 Haiti Earthquake: Recovery Effort and Earthquake Risk Management. H. Kit Miyamoto, S.E. Miyamoto International

Transcription

1 2010 Haiti Earthquake: Recovery Effort and Earthquake Risk Management H. Kit Miyamoto, S.E. Miyamoto International

2 Topics The 2010 Earthquake MTPTC Damage Assessment Program Damage Repair Strategies Earthquake Risk Management and Long Term Improvements

3 Recorded Significant Earthquakes before 1960 Last major earthquake near Port au Prince was in 1770

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5 MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITIES Based on intensities obtained by phone interviews, newscast interpretation and USGS/NEIC surveys. McCann & Mora, 2010 III III VI IV V VII IV IV VIII VI III IV VIII VII VI VII VIII VIII IX V VI VII X IX VII VIII VI VII VII VIII V V VI VII VI III IV V IV V V IV IV V IV IV III IV IV III II II III III II III V IV

6 External geodynamic processes: Preliminary observations from satellite imagery and newscast interpretation VIII VIII VIII IX AREAS AFFECTED BY LIQUEFACTION: Ground cracks, lateral spread, sand blows, differential settlements IX IX IX X IX IX VIII IX X IX VIII IX VII VII IX VII VIII AREAS AFFECTED BY SLOPE FAILURES: Rock/falls, debris flows, landslides IX VII VI

7 Earthquake Impacts to Haiti and People

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16 Reasons for Disaster Poor Materials and Construction No engineering building codes No license No quality control No risk management NO EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING

17 Post Earthquake Recovery

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21 Damage Assessment Program A million people are living in camps and on streets. Hurricane season is fast approaching. Many buildings are safe but sit empty during the night. People need an official damage inspection program to tag building safety. ATC 20 technical protocol was customized for Haiti Goal is to inspect 100,000 buildings in 57 days

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23 Miyamoto ATC 20 Methodology Proven assessment program used in major US and Japan earthquakes 1989, M7.1 San Francisco, CA 1994, M6.7 Los Angeles, CA 1995, M7.1 Kobe, Japan Customized it for Haiti construction and enhanced by adding modules for demolition complexity and risk vulnerability. Both key data sets for recovery and reconstruction efforts.

24 DEMOLITION Demolition will be required for a number of buildings. Demolition efforts are divided into three categories: Easy: Building is very small, simple or has completely collapsed. Debris removal is easy and safe. Medium: Building has partial collapses and is 2 3 stories tall. Debris removal requires engineering or construction knowledge for safety. Complex: Building is very tall or complex, has partial collapses or intermediate collapsed floors. Debris removal requires engineering for safety.

25 DEMOLITION Easy

26 DEMOLITION Medium

27 DEMOLITION Complex

28 Structural Basics Walls and frames Redundancy Brittleness/ductility Degradation of structural Strength Stiffness Stability Vulnerability Characteristics Soils and Slope Plan irregularity Torsion Re entrant Corners Large openings Vertical irregularity Soft story Set backs Hillside Short Column Pounding

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30 UNSAFE DO NOT ENTER OR OCCUPY

31 UNSAFE DO NOT ENTER OR OCCUPY

32 UNSAFE DO NOT ENTER OR OCCUPY

33 UNSAFE DO NOT ENTER OR OCCUPY

34 UNSAFE DO NOT ENTER OR OCCUPY

35 RESTRICTED USE

36 RESTRICTED USE

37 RESTRICTED USE

38 RESTRICTED USE

39 INSPECTED LAWFUL OCCUPANCY PERMITTED

40 INSPECTED LAWFUL OCCUPANCY PERMITTED

41 Damage Assessment Program MI Earthquake Engineers trained over 200 selected National Engineers to conduct damage assessments and tagging. MI engineers provided deployment tactics and quality control. Coordination with Joint Task Force and IOM. MTPTC tags the buildings

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46 Earthquake Risk Management

47 Deficiencies Poor Materials and Construction No engineering building codes No license No quality control No risk management NO EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING

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55 Best Practices California, Japan Building codes with strong earthquake engineering requirements. All construction requires permit. Projects includes plan review and construction inspection for quality control. Experience and testing requirements to get licenses for engineers, architects and contractors

56 Best Practices US Building Codes and Regulations

57 Building Dynamic Behavior Pendulum action Ground motion Shear deformation

58 Earthquake Forces and Structural Elements A. Ground Motion B. Earthquake Forces C. Shear walls Moment-Resistant frames Braced frames

59 Elastic vs. Inelastic Deformation Inelastic Ductile Behavior Deformed shape when a force is applied Springs back to original shape Deformed shape with strong force applied Final deformed shape after force is removed

60 Brittle Inelastic Behavior

61 Reinforced vs. Unreinforced Columns Unreinforced brick piers Ductile Reinforced brick piers displacement force displacement force Stress, force Stress, force y x Strain, displ. y x Strain, displ.

62 Non Ductile Concrete

63 Ductile Concrete

64 Unreinforced Masonry

65 Reinforced Masonry Reinforcing bars Wire ties Grout

66 Seismic Resistant Building Design Philosophy Low level earthquakes produce elastic behavior Moderate level earthquakes may produce nonlinear behavior and some damage, primarily non structural High level earthquakes force nonlinear behavior and some damage, both nonstructural and structural

67 Reconstruction Factors There has been no structural building code or adequate construction regulation system of permitting and inspection. Haitians build their own homes based on common societal construction practices, using readily available materials. We need to come up with indigenous and simple solutions that balances cost and earthquake safety.

68 Strategy for Repair Technical Platform Repair methodology and options for typical Haiti construction systems. Communications and Public Outreach teach techniques and methodologies to repair and strengthen houses. Training masons and contractors on proper construction methodologies for improved seismic resistance. E.g., confined concrete design and construction guides. Quality Assurance Inspections by trained Haitian building inspectors.

69 Strategy for Repair Sample Construction and Design Guides

70 Strategy for Repair Sample Construction and Design Guides

71 Strategy for Repair Sample Construction and Design Guides YES NO NO

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76 Δmax = 0.56 in. (14 mm) Δmax = 3.5 in. (89 mm) Δyield = 0.85 in. (22 mm)

77 Δmax = 0.85 in. (22 mm) Δmax = 4.8 in. (122 mm) Δyield = 1.44 in. (37 mm)

78 Strategy for Repair Communications and Public Outreach Radio, TV, newspaper advertising. Train the trainer classes. Trainers go to communities doing demonstrations on best practices tools, materials, systems, methodologies

79 Long Term Improvements Long Term Quality Improvement Requires Better Engineering, Construction and Quality Assurance Education classes and seminars on earthquake engineering Building Code need to develop building codes for engineering and design. License set up a licensing program for engineers, architects and contractors. Quality Assurance set up permitting and construction inspection programs

80 Thank You