COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND TENSILE TESTS FOR CONCRETE MADE FROM LOCAL MATERIALS FROM TOFTOF, ELIGOBEL DISTRICT

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1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 8, August 2018, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_09_08_056 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND TENSILE TESTS FOR CONCRETE MADE FROM LOCAL MATERIALS FROM TOFTOF, ELIGOBEL DISTRICT Philipus Betaubun and Hairulla Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Musamus, Papua ABSTRACT Merauke is one of the Regencies in Papua Province and is the easternmost in the archipelago. Merauke Regency is located far from the provincial capital, but development is not lagging behind other districts, because it is the center of community activity in the southern region of Papua. In the world of construction, the use of local building materials needs a research to be done to get better construction products. Based on observations, the material in the TofTof village can be used as building construction materials. Concrete is one of the building materials formed from two main parts, namely cement paste and aggregate (rough and smooth). The design of this concrete mixture is based on Procedures for calculating concrete structures for buildings (SK SNI. T ), which in this study used the American Concrete Institute (ACI) method. From the results of concrete testing, the concrete compressive strength obtained at 28 days was MPa, while the concrete tensile strength testing at 28 days was 3.16 MPa. Key words: Toftof local material, compressive strength, split tensile strength. Cite this Article: Philipus Betaubun and Hairulla, Compressive Strength and Tensile Tests for Concrete Made from Local Materials from Toftof, Eligobel District. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(8), 2018, pp INTRODUCTION Based on visual observations of the material gradation in the TofTof village can be used as construction of buildings, but the strength has not been tested, including by testing the material properties. The definition of concrete according to SK-SNI is defined as a mixture of portland cement/other hydraulic cement, coarse aggregate (split), fine aggregate, and water with or without additives that form a solid mass. In a mixture of cement concrete and water form a paste that will bind fine aggregate (sand) and coarse aggregate (gravel). The types of concrete according to the formers are normal concrete, reinforced, precast, pre-press, lightweight concrete, non-reinforcing concrete, and fiber concrete. Portland editor@iaeme.com

2 Compressive Strength and Tensile Tests for Concrete Made from Local Materials from Toftof, Eligobel District cement is a hydraulic cement produced by grinding portland cement slag especially consisting of calcium silicate which is hydraulic and milled together with additional material in the form of one or more forms of calcium sulfate compounds and may be supplemented with other additives (SNI ). Aggregates used in concrete mixtures can be either natural aggregates or artificial aggregates. In general, aggregates can be distinguished based on their size, namely coarse aggregates and fine aggregates. The boundary between fine aggregate and coarse aggregate differs between one discipline and another. However, the size between fine aggregate and coarse aggregate is 4.80 mm (British standard) or 4.75 mm (ASTM standard). Coarse aggregates are rocks whose grain size is greater than 4.80 mm and 4.75 mm and fine aggregate is a grain smaller than that size. What is meant by concrete mix is the process of mixing between basic concrete materials, namely cement, sand, gravel, and water in a predetermined ratio. The design of the concrete mixture is based on the calculation procedure for concrete structures for buildings (SK-SNI. T ). 2. METHODOLOGY The method used in this study refers to the American Concrete Institute (ACI), as well as literature and also studies relating to compressive strength and tensile strength of concrete for normal concrete. The research was carried out in a concrete laboratory of Civil Engineering Musamus University Compressive Strength Compressive strength is the ability of concrete to accept the compressive force of broad unity, to control the quality of the concrete that is achieved. In the testing of the normal concrete split tensile strength, all the specimens are split apart. This happens because of the horizontal force due to the maximum load spread over the cylinder blanket. The compressive strength of concrete can be determined by the following formula: Compressive strength (f c) = P MPa A Where, f'c = Compressive Strength of Normal Concrete (MPa) P = maximum load (N) A = cross-sectional area of the test object (mm 2 ) 2.2. Split Tensile Strength The tensile strength test of concrete was obtained from the cylindrical sample test (splitting test). The test uses a concrete cylindrical test object with a diameter of 150 mm and a length of 300 mm, placed in the longitudinal direction above the test tool and then the compressive load is given evenly upright from above on the entire cylinder length according to (SNI ). Calculation of split tensile strength of the test object with the following formula: Where, f'ct = Normal Tensile Strength (MPa) Tensile strength editor@iaeme.com

3 Philipus Betaubun and Hairulla P = maximum load (N) L = Test object length (mm 2 ) D = Diameter of test object (mm 2 ) 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1. Results Fine Aggregate Fine aggregate testing results can be seen in Table 1. Table 1 Recapitulation of Fine Aggregate Results (Tof-Tof sand) Type Results Standard Mud content 1.15 % 5 % Organic Ingredients Clear (colorless) Light Yellow (Max) SSD Specific Weight Absorption 3.63 % - Gradation Zone 2 Zone 1,2,3 and 4 Smooth Modulus Grain Water content Coarse Aggregate Coarse aggregate testing that was carried out obtained results that can be seen in Table 2. Table 2 Recapitulation of Coarse Aggregate Results (Tof-Tof gravel) Type Results Standard Mud content % 1 % Organic Ingredients SSD Specific Weight 2.57 % 3 Absorption Zone 1 Zone 1,2,3 and 4 Gradation Smooth Modulus Grain Compressive Strength Table 3 Compressive strength test results Test code Age (days) Average compressive strength f c (MPa) TK TK TK TK TK editor@iaeme.com

4 Compressive Strength and Tensile Tests for Concrete Made from Local Materials from Toftof, Eligobel District 3.4. Tensile Strength Table 4 Tensile strength test results Test code Age (days) Average tensile strength f c (MPa) TR TR TR TR ,23 TR DISCUSSION Based on the results of laboratory tests carried out, the following results were obtained. Compressive strength and tensile strength of concrete using local aggregates had a lower strength, this could occur because local aggregates have greater absorption capacity, so that cement water should be evenly distributed in the mold and strengthen the paste cement is absorbed into the aggregate granules, so that the strength of the concrete is uneven. Test results of compressive strength are higher than tensile strength because concrete is a strong material in compressive conditions and weak in tensile conditions. So that the compressive strength of concrete (f ') which is used based on the testing of normal concrete compressive strength for 28 days is MPa and the normal concrete split tensile strength is 3.16 MPa. As well as the results of research conducted by Foermansah (2013) with the title "Review of compressive strength and split concrete tensile strength with" Z "shaped bendrat fiber as an added material" where each addition of wire fibers experienced a good strength compressive strength and strong concrete split reinforcement. It is also confirmed with Haryanto, (2012) in "Analysis of compressive strength and tensile strength of split concrete with ingredients added to briquette and bestmittel charcoal powder" with results also increased by 50.84% for compressive strength and 8.47% for tensile strength of concrete. The benefits of the results of this study are mainly for information for development contractors in the local area (Sedayu and Mangkoedihardjo, 2018; Samudro et al., 2018) and support our previous research results (Betaubun, 2018; Betaubun, 2016; Hairulla and Betaubun, 2016). 5. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of the research and discussion that has been described, it can be concluded as follows: From the results of testing the normal concrete compressive strength at 28 days is MPa. While testing the tensile strength of normal concrete at 28 days is 3.16 MPa. Based on the results of compressive strength and tensile strength, fine aggregates can be used, with the requirement that fine aggregate must be washed to reduce the sludge contained. From the results of testing in the laboratory the compressive strength and tensile strength of the concrete using the aggregate does not reach the targeted value. REFERENCES [1] ASTM Standard C 1064, Test Method for Temperature of Freshly Mixed Portland Cement Concrete. [2] ASTM Standard C-231, Tets Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method.beton normal editor@iaeme.com

5 Philipus Betaubun and Hairulla [3] Betaubun, P Concrete Characteristics Of Local Sand Materials Of Suru-Suru, Merauke Papua. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(6): [4] Betaubun, P Mix Design of Third Structure Concrete Using Locak Material of Merauke Regency And Import Sand of Palu Regency. Journal of Basic And Applied Scientific Research, 6(6): [5] British Standard (BS ), Sumber sumber air, Syarat umum air, Pemilihan pemakaian air, Syarat mutu airdi lapangan. [6] Departemen PU, (Divisi ) Mutu beton dan penggunaannya. [7] Foermansah, 2013, Tinjauan kuat tekan dan tarik belah beton dengan serat kawat bendrat berbentuk Z sebagai bahan tambah, Program studi Teknik Sipil, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta Jl. A. Yani Tromol Pos! Pabelan Kartasura Telp [8] Haryanto, 2012, Analis kuat tekan kuat tarik belah beton dengan bahan tambah serbuk arang briket dan bestmittel, Program Studi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, pada tanggal 30 Juli [9] Hairulla and P. Betaubun The Effect of Using Brick Waste to the Stabilization of Soft Soil Due to the Unconfinet Compression. Journal of Basic And Applied Scientific Research, 6(2): 1-8. [10] Samudro, G., Nugraha, WD., Sutrisno, E., Priyambada, IB., Muthi ah, H., Sinaga, GN., Hakiem, RT The Effect of COD Concentration Containing Leaves Litter, Canteen and Composite Waste to the Performance of Solid Phase Microbial Fuel Cell (SMFC). E3S Web of Conferences. 31: [11] Sedayu, A. and Mangkoedihardjo, S Performance Evaluation of Housing Contractor by Applying the Principles of Environmentally Friendly Infrastructure, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(4): [12] SK-SNI ,Tata cara pembuatan beton normal [13] SNI ,Semen portland [14] SK-SNI. M ,Nilai kuat tekan dari beton [15] SK-SNI T :2, Semen portland yang penggunaannya memerlukan ketahanan tinggi terhadap sulfat. [16] SII.0052,Agregat halus [17] SK-SNI T ,Tata cara pembuatan rencana campuranbeton normal [18] SNI ,Tata cara pembuatan beton normal [19] SNI. T :6,Perkiraan kuat teksn beton [20] SNI , Semen portland, Mutu dan cara uji [21] SNI , Spesifikasi bahan bangunan bagian A (Bahan bangunan non logam editor@iaeme.com

6 Compressive Strength and Tensile Tests for Concrete Made from Local Materials from Toftof, Eligobel District [22] SNI , Agregat beton, Mutu dan cara uji [23] SNI , Metode pengambilan contoh campuran beton segar [24] SNI , Metode pengujian slump beton [25] SII , Mutu dan Cara Semen Portland [26] SNI , Metode pembuatan dan perawatan benda uji beton [27] Tjokrodimulyo, 1996, Tetrakalsium Aluminaferi (C4 AF) [28] Tri Mulyono, 2004, Teknologi beton, Tingkat mutu pekerjaan beton [29] Wijoyo, 2013, Kuat Tekan Dan Tarik Belah Beton MenggunakanBahan Dengan Prinsip 3r (Reduce, Reuse, And Recycle), Jurnal Teknik Sipil Magister Teknik Sipil Universitas Sebelas MaretVol. I. No. 1 Oktober 2013ISSN : editor@iaeme.com