Protect Your Pavement Asset Like the Rest! Is Pavement on your Radar Screen? Parking Lots & Low Volume Facilities

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1 Pavement Rocky Mountain Asphalt Conference & Equipment Show Managing Parking Lot Pavements Preventive Maintenance and Rehabilitation Options Landscaping Roofing February 18, 2009 Denver, CO Presented by: Steven D. Schmidt, PE HVAC Is Pavement on your Radar Screen? Protect Your Pavement Asset Like the Rest! Remember, it could be worse! don t forget the pavement! Parking Lots & Low Volume Facilities Not This

2 Maintain Your Asset A proactive approach to maintaining your pavements will: Provide a safer business environment and reduce claims Reduce maintenance costs Assist in long term planning Improve return on investment Appealing front door to customers Pavement Rehabilitation and Maintenance Topic Outline Pavement Type Overview and Design Considerations Deterioration Identifying Key Issues Pavement Management Programs Repair, Maintenance and Rehabilitation Major Pavement Types Asphalt vs. Concrete Flexible Pavement Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Rigid Pavement Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) Factors Influencing Product Selection: Design considerations such as soil strength and traffic loadings Constructability - Out of service time needs to be reviewed Local Material Availability Affects Costs Utilization of Concrete Utilization of Asphalt

3 Combined Utilization Side forms and screed Slip form paving End dump truck unloading HMA into hopper of asphalt paver New Pavement Construction Roads: Typically designed by professionals who specialize in roadway design Parking Lots: Design is typically in conjunction with building construction. Expertise of design professional is often with buildings, not pavement structure Placement of HMA Sites specific considerations are allowed for Narrow focus effort Cookie-Cutter or Canned Spec. Pavement design is often replicated from site to site Multiple focus project with parking lot typically done last Potential for Variability and Structural Deficiencies

4 Traffic Loading Parking Lots Variable Traffic Equivalent single axle loads (ESALs) converts wheel loads of various magnitudes and repetitions ("mixed traffic") to an equivalent number of "standard" or "equivalent" loads based on the amount of damage they do to the pavement. The commonly used standard load is an 18,000 lb. equivalent single axle load. Parking Lots Variable Traffic How about this truck? Causes of Pavement Deterioration Pavement Deterioration Identifying Key Issues for Repair, Maintenance and Rehabilitation Inadequate Design Poorly Executed Construction Drainage Traffic Pattern Changes Environmental Structural Inadequate Maintenance

5 Pavements requiring rehabilitation Pavement requiring maintenance PCI Ratings (Pavement Condition Index) Surface Defects SURFACE DEFECTS SURFACE DEFORMATION CRACKING DRAINAGE SERVICEABILITY Polishing / Wear Popouts Scaling Map Cracking Raveling Flushing & Bleeding Delamination Polished Aggregates Roller Marks Raveling & Delamination Scaling Concrete Pavement Raveling progressive loss of fine aggregate Delamination loss of surface course bond Scaling loss of fine aggregate and mortar

6 Map Cracking Concrete Pavement Surface Deformation Faulting Rutting Shoving Wheel Depression Settling / Heaving Map cracking indicative of overworking during finishing or poor curing Wheel Depressions Cracking Transverse Slab D-Cracking Corner Breaks Edge Thermal Paver Joint Transverse Longitudinal Block Reflective Fatigue/Alligator Potholes Construction Joint Slippage Secondary Pavement Cracking Joint Spalling Concrete Pavement Random / Thermal Cracking Transverse, Secondary and Alligator/Fatigue Cracking

7 Drainage Poor Drainage Surface Drainage Sub-surface Drainage Drainage Structures Sub-surface Moisture Deterioration at Drainage Structure Sub-surface moisture Management Programs Pavement Management Program Condition assessment Implementation of preventive maintenance Appropriate repair methods and procedures Selection of appropriate designs Qualified contractors and materials Implementation of a Quality Control and Quality Assurance program during construction

8 Starting a Management Program Pavement Deterioration Curve Condition Assessment A clearly defined assessment of your pavements which allows for prioritizing maintenance and capital improvements in the most cost-effective manner. Apply a rating system to track performance Excellent Good Fair Failure Preventive Corrective (Repair) Rehabilitation Pavement Age or Equivalent Traffic Preventive Maintenance Reconstruction Pavement Conditions Declining Sustainability Curve (moving from reactive to proactive) Asset Condition Very Poor Poor Fair Good Very Good w/ Reactive Repair w/ Proactive Maintenance / Repair Design Life Service Life Maintenance Program Recommendation: Make it simple Do it regularly Take it seriously Why? Extend pavement life By performing preventive maintenance at the proper time, pavement life can be extended by 5 to 10 years Lower overall costs Maintain your asset

9 Preventive Maintenance Methods Crack/ joint sealing Surface treatments Asphalt and concrete restoration Installation of underdrain Structural overlays Cracksealing Jointsealing Most cost effective preventive maintenance! Service Life Cracksealing / Crackfilling Cracksealing with Routing 1 2 Types of Surface Treatments Cracksealing with Routing Coal tar emulsion coating Asphalt emulsion coating Rejuvenators penetrating Slurry seals wearing surface Chip seals wearing surface Micro-surfacing wearing surface Crackfilling Blow & Go

10 Surface Treatments Benefits of Surface Treatments Asphalt Emulsion Coats asphalt and minimizes environmental aging Rejuvenators Penetrates surface of asphalt to improve flexibility Coatings Aggregate Based Seals Slurry Seals / Micro-Surfacing / Chip Seals Reduces environmental aging and provides a wearing surface to incrementally extend pavement life Service Life Surface Treatments Surface Treatments Slurry Seal Considerations prior to using Surface Treatments Objective extend the life or make it look like new? Age how much residual value does the asphalt have? Typical product life cycle based on geographics / location and type of pavement use. Treatment masking the problems?

11 Surface Treatments Future Considerations Pavement Restoration Asphalt Restoration Concrete Restoration Patching or Pavement Repair Asphalt Restoration Asphalt Restoration Service Life Asphalt Restoration Concrete Restoration Service Life

12 Pavement Restoration When to use: Isolated failed areas Method: Sawcut or mill perimeter of area Tack vertical edges Place two lifts of asphalt with a minimum thickness of 4 Compact each layer of asphalt Subsurface Moisture Sub-surface Moisture Underdrain Sub-surface moisture Service Life UD-1) Identifying Subsurface Moisture UD-2) Layout and Sawcutting

13 UD-3) Excavation UD-4) Fabric Wrapped Trench UD-5) Perforated Pipe Installation UD-6) Clear / Clean Stone Backfill UD-7) Pavement Restoration Prep UD-8) Asphalt Binder Lift 1 of 2

14 UD-9) Asphalt Surface Underdrain Installation When to use: In areas where there is evidence of subsurface moisture Method: Sawcut or mill perimeter 15 wide trench Excavate to a depth below frost line Place nonwoven geotextile Install perforated pipe and drainage stone Connect drain pipe with structure Backfill trench and pave Rehabilitations a structural enhancement of a pavement which produces a substantial extension in service life, by improving pavement condition, pedestrian access and ride quality. Rehabilitation Options Structural Overlays Partial-Depth Reconstructions Remove and replace Pulverize and repave Complete or Full-Depth Reconstruction Structural Overlays Proposed Structural Overlay Detail Service Life

15 Milling Milling Full-width milling Milling along curb line Milling around structures Milling base patches Lot prior to leveling Selective leveling Leveling Entire Lot Paving Grade Fabric

16 Paving grade fabric Asphalt Surface Course Structural Overlay When to use: Resurface structurally sound pavement that has isolated areas of failure Method: Patch where required Install underdrain if required Mill perimeter of area to be paved Place tack coat Install variable thickness leveling course Install paving fabric as required Place 1.5 to 2.0 (compacted thickness) asphalt Partial-Depth Reconstruction When to use: To rehabilitate pavement with surface drainage issues and in need of structural improvement Method: Pulverize and / or remove existing pavement to a minimum depth of 4 Grade and reshape base material to improve drainage Install a minimum of 4 of compacted hot mix asphalt in two lifts Partial-Depth Reconstruction Pavement removal by milling

17 Pavement removal by excavator Repave milled or excavated area Pulverize and Repave Detail Pulverize and pave Parking Lot HMA Structure Reconstruction Often referred to as Full-Depth Reconstruction When to use: If the entire pavement structure is failed Method: Excavate variable depth based on conditions Grade and compact sub grade Place separation geotextile, if required Install drainage layer of stone Install aggregate base Install a minimum of 4 of compacted hot mix asphalt 17

18 Asphalt Pavement Reconstruction Asphalt Pavement Reconstruction Replacing & Raising Concrete Curbs Excavation and Grading Asphalt Pavement Reconstruction Asphalt Pavement Reconstruction Stone Undercutting for Subgrade Stabilization Underdrain System beneath Pavement Asphalt Pavement Reconstruction Subgrade Separation Fabric Aggregate Base over Fabric Reconstruction grade and compact

19 Asphalt Surface Course Reconstruction HMA pavement installation Concrete Pavement Reconstruction Reconstruction PCC installation Reconstruction Approximately 3 x s the cost of a Structural Overlay Watch out for: Contractor proposals More detail provides ability to select appropriate work scope and evaluate with other proposals Get what you are paying for! ¼ of asphalt can be big $$$

20 Key Elements for Successful Construction of Parking Lots Material Specifications Detailed Construction Methods Detailed Proposal Form Materials Submittals and Approval Qualified Construction Oversight Material Testing Material Yield Verification*** Compaction Testing Thank You For more information on Benchmark, Inc. contact: Steven D. Schmidt PE Phone: (319) , ext : steves@benchmark-inc.com