INVESTIGATION ON IMPLEMENTATION OF PARAFFIN WAX IN BUILDING MATERIALS

Transcription

1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 11, November 2018, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_09_11_235 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed INVESTIGATION ON IMPLEMENTATION OF PARAFFIN WAX IN BUILDING MATERIALS S Kiruthika Department of Civil Engineering, K.Ramakrishnan College of Technology/Anna University, Samayapuram, Trichy, Tamilnadu, India , R Jagadheeswari Department of Civil Engineering, K.Ramakrishnan College of Technology/Anna University, Samayapuram, Trichy, Tamilnadu, India A Oorkalan Department of Civil Engineering, K.Ramakrishnan College of Technology/Anna University, Samayapuram, Trichy, Tamilnadu, India , N Prakhash Department of Civil Engineering, K.Ramakrishnan College of Technology/Anna University, Samayapuram, Trichy, Tamilnadu, India , ABSTRACT This investigation project illustrates the study on implementation of Paraffin Wax in cement mortar and concrete with partial replacement of fine aggregate. Concrete mixes of M25 were evaluated for thermal stability and compressive strength. This project gives the solution to reduce energy consumption of buildings to raise the building inertia & stabilize the indoor climate. Phase Changing Materials (PCM) are significant materials, it can store and release heat within a certain range of temperature. Encapsulated paraffin waxes are used in concrete to reduce the leakage of waxes during high temperature. The inner plastering work of a building is mortared with the ratio of 1:4 in which the fine aggregate is replaced with paraffin wax. The total weight of fine aggregate is replaced with 10%, 20%, & 30% of Encapsulated Paraffin Wax to study the temperature changes in concrete cube. The observation is made based on the internal temperature changes of the reference boxes due to inner plastering work. The thermal stability, compressive strength and physical property of PCM were implemented in concrete and tested in the period of 7, 14, 21 & 28 days after curing. The results revealed that the combination of PW with cement mortar enhances the thermal comfort of the building with desirable strength and stability for PCM implemented concrete editor@iaeme.com

2 S Kiruthika, R Jagadheeswari, A Oorkalan and N Prakhashm Keywords: Phase changing material, Encapsulated Paraffin wax, Inner plaster, Thermal comfort. Cite this Article: S Kiruthika, R Jagadheeswari, A Oorkalan and N Prakhashm, Investigation on Implementation of Paraffin Wax in Building Materials, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(11), 2018, pp INTRODUCTION It is outstanding that the utilization of enough warm vitality stockpiling (TES) frameworks in the building and mechanical part gives high potential in vitality protection. The utilization of TES can defeat the absence of happenstance between the vitality supply and its interest; its application in dynamic and detached frameworks permits the utilization of waste vitality, top load moving procedures, and sane utilization of warm vitality. Favorable circumstances of utilizing TES in a vitality framework are the expansion of the general proficiency and better dependability, however it can likewise prompt better financial matters, diminishing venture and running expenses, and less contamination of nature and less CO2 emanations. Capacity ideas connected to the building part have been delegated dynamic or inactive frameworks. Inactive TES frameworks can improve viably the normally accessible warmth vitality sources with the end goal to keep up the solace conditions in structures and limit the utilization of mechanically helped warming or cooling frameworks. These frameworks incorporate expanded utilization of ventilated exteriors, warm mass, shading impact utilizing blinds, covered coating components, and sun based warming and free cooling (night ventilation) systems. Then again, the utilization of dynamic TES frameworks gives a high level of control of the indoor conditions and enhances the method for putting away warmth vitality. These frameworks are normally coordinated in structures to give free cooling or to move the warm load from on-top to off-top conditions in a few applications, for example, local high temp water applications or HVAC frameworks. The present paper will audit the current and investigated dynamic and inactive TES advancements incorporated in the building area, and the materials created and utilized in these frameworks. Paraffin wax is a white or dry delicate strong logical from oil, coal or oil shale that comprises of a blend of hydrocarbon particles containing somewhere in the range of twenty and forty carbon iotas. It is strong at room temperature and starts to soften above roughly 37 C (99 F); its breaking point is >370 C (698 F). Paraffin candles are scentless, and pale blue white in shading. Paraffin wax was first made during the 1850s, and denoted a noteworthy progression in light making innovation, as it consumed more neatly and dependably than fat candles and was less expensive to deliver. In science, paraffin is utilized synonymously with alkane, showing hydrocarbons with the general equation CnH2n Classification of Phase Change Materials Phase change materials (PCMs) regularly utilized in cement can be commonly partitioned into two important sorts: inorganic and natural. The general attributes of inorganic and natural PCM are talked about in the accompanying segments editor@iaeme.com

3 Investigation on Implementation of Paraffin Wax in Building Materials Inorganic PCM The most widely recognized inorganic PCMs are hydrated salts (MnH2O). Inorganic PCM may have potential applications in a few sorts of building materials, in view of their high volumetric warmth stockpiling limit and great warm conductivity. Super cooling is a tricky issue of inorganic PCMs because the fluid state can be cooled to underneath it s the point of solidification while remaining a fluid which rolls out the related stage improvement inadequate Organic PCM Natural PCMs can be additionally portrayed as paraffin and non-paraffin types. The vast majority of the natural PCMs are synthetically steady, safe and non-receptive. Paraffin wax (PAR) is a hydrocarbon that has the synthetic structure CnH2n+2. Business PAR for the most part has a dissolving point going from 20ºC up to 70ºC, contingent upon the quantity of carbon (C) molecules. The more C iotas present in the chain, the higher the dissolving purpose of the PAR. Broad utilization of natural PAR with a stage change temperature of 26 C in cement has been effectively exhibited by past examinations. Be that as it may, PAR has unacceptable properties, for example, being combustible and having a low warm conductivity in its strong state. The dominant part of natural non-paraffin PCMs are acids (CH3 (CH2)2nCOOH). Their liquefying point is like those of paraffin PCM and they have amazing softening and solidifying properties. Be that as it may, they are considerably costlier (around multiple times) than paraffin PCM. Various types of non-paraffin PCM have been concentrated to survey their reasonableness for use in cement. They are butyl stearate (BS), 1-Dodecanol (DD), Polyethylene glycol (PEG), 1-Tetradecanol (TD) and Dimethyl sulfoxide. Among these nonparaffin PCMs, BS is by all accounts the most fitting material on account of its moderately minimal effort, appropriate softening point at human solace temperature, high inert warmth stockpiling, low volume change amid stage change progress, and inflammable and stable nature. 3. METHODOLOGY We have used different methods of implementation of Phase Change Materials in building materials and techniques. Its units to identify the thermal comfort of the building. Techniques used are plastering with paraffin wax and Paraffin Wax in Concrete Plastering with Paraffin Wax editor@iaeme.com

4 S Kiruthika, R Jagadheeswari, A Oorkalan and N Prakhashm 3.2. Paraffin Wax in Concrete editor@iaeme.com

5 Investigation on Implementation of Paraffin Wax in Building Materials 3.3. Micro-Encapsulated Paraffin Wax in Concrete 3.2. Properties of materials There are various materials used in this project to check the thermal comfort of the buildings which are as follows Paraffin Wax Paraffin wax was first made during the 1850s when scientific experts originally built up the way to effectively separate and refine the waxy substances normally happening in oil. Paraffin spoke to a noteworthy development in the flame making industry since it consumed more neatly and dependably and was less expensive to fabricate than some other light fuel. Paraffin wax at first experienced having a low liquefying point, in any case, an inadequacy later cured by the expansion of harder stearic corrosive. Paraffin wax is a white or boring delicate strong logical from oil, coal or oil shale, that comprises of a blend of hydrocarbon particles containing somewhere in the range of twenty and forty carbon molecules. It is strong at room temperature and starts to liquefy above around 37 C (99 F), its breaking point is >370 C (698 F). Basic applications for paraffin wax incorporate grease, electrical protection, and candles. Colored paraffin wax can be made into pastels. It is from lamp oil, another oil based good that is some of the time called paraffin. In science, paraffin is utilized synonymously with alkane, demonstrating hydrocarbons with the general recipe CnH2n+2. Figure 1 Sample of Paraffin Wax editor@iaeme.com

6 S Kiruthika, R Jagadheeswari, A Oorkalan and N Prakhashm Encapsulated Paraffin Wax Microencapsulation of phase change materials (PCMs) is an effective way of enhancing their thermal conductivity and preventing possible interaction with the surrounding and leakage during the melting process, where there is no complete overview of the several methods and techniques for micro encapsulation of different kinds of PCMs that leads to microcapsules with different morphology, structure, and thermal properties. In this paper, micro encapsulation methods are perused and classified in to three categories, i.e. physical, physic-chemical, and chemical methods. It summarizes the techniques used for micro encapsulation of PCM sand hence provides a useful tool for searchers working in this area. Among all the micro encapsulation methods, the most common methods described in the literature to produce micro encapsulated phase change materials (MEPCMs) are inter facial polymerization, suspension polymerization, coacervation, emulsion polymerization and spray drying. Employing PCMs in traditional manner has several defects, such as the necessity of using special latent heat devices or heat exchange surface which increase the associated cost and thermal resistant between the PCM and the environment. Comprehensive investigations have been done on new type PCM called form-stable or shape-stabilized PCM, which prepared by blending the PCM with a supporting material, usually polymers, and further treatment. These composites would be applied directly in different applications with no extra devices or elements. Although these composites can keep their shape during the phase change from solid to liquid, the PCM tends to diffuse to surface and loose gradually. 4. DESIGN MIX The way toward choosing appropriate ingredients of concrete and deciding their relative sums with the goal of delivering a solid of the required, quality, solidness, and workability as financially as could be allowed, is named the concrete mix design Design Mix of M25 Grade Concrete TABLE 1: Specification of M25 Garde Concrete MATERIALS QUANTITY Cement 398Kg/m 3 Coarse Aggregate kg/m 3 Fine Aggregate kg/m 3 Water Cement Ratio 199kg/m 3 TABLE 2: Specific Gravity of M25 Grade Concrete MATERIAL SPECIFIC GRAVITY Cement 3.15 Fine Aggregate 2.40 Coarse Aggregate EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION Several investigations are made in the concept of implementation of PCM in building material which showed different result. The thermal energy storage of the building is achieved by this material. Paraffin wax is used in cement mortar and concrete editor@iaeme.com

7 Investigation on Implementation of Paraffin Wax in Building Materials 5.1. Plastering with Paraffin Wax Paraffin wax is a type of phase changing material which changes its state from solid to liquid and vice versa. This paraffin wax is directly added with cement mortar of ratio 1:6 with the replacement of fine aggregates. TABLE 3: Types of Cement Mortar Mixes SL.NO TYPE OF WORK CEMENT SAND 1 Masonry Plastering Interior 1 4 Exterior Pointing Reinforced concrete Foundation Figure. 2 Different Types of Walls Two kinds of small box with four walls were designed of dimension 5 x 5x 5 sq. ft. The walls were made with concrete blocks with English bonding technique. The wax was directly mixed with the dry cement mortar content of about the aggregate weight of fine aggregate. The ratio of cement mortar use is 1:4. TABLE 4: Latent Heat Storage MATERIALS SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY (J/KG-K) PCM CONCRETE 1000 BRICK 1008 WOOD 2300 PLASTER 850 PU 1400 PSE 1400 One of the boxes is used with normal cement mortar content and another box was made with paraffin incorporated cement mortar. The observation is made on the thermal capacity of wall structure and the dissipation of heat (cooling nature) inside the constructed box. The thermal comfort ability of the building is observed with a small device called as thermometer. This showed different reading as illustrated in the table below editor@iaeme.com

8 S Kiruthika, R Jagadheeswari, A Oorkalan and N Prakhashm TABLE 5: Comparison of Two Boxes Walls Temp@ Temp@ Temp@ Temp@ Temp@ Temp@ Temp@ Temp@ 6 am 9 am 12 pm 3 pm 6 pm 9 pm 12 am 3 am East WOP WP West WOP WP North WOP WP South WOP WP Paraffin Wax in Concrete About 10, 20 & 30% of paraffin wax is replaced with the aggregate weight of fine aggregate in M25 grade concrete. This direct mixing of Paraffin wax in concrete showed different results when compare to normal concrete cubes. S.NO. PERCENTAGE OF PARAFFIN WAX (%) TABLE 6: Content of Materials for PW Concrete AGGREGATE WEIGHT OF PARAFFIN WAX (KG/M3) AGGREGATE WEIGHT OF FINE AGGREGATE (KG/M3) The slump value of freshly prepared PW Concrete was almost same when compared to normal concrete. The compressive strength of hardened concrete is checked on 7th, 14th, 28th days. The results are shown in the table below. TABLE 7: Compressive Strength of Paraffin Wax Concrete PERCENTAGE OF MEPCM 7 TH DAY 14 TH DAY 28 TH DAY Small specimens of dimensions 5x5x5 cm3 were made with paraffin integrated concrete to observe the thermal storage capacity of the specimen. 6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The observation made on the plastering work with cement mortar offered considerable results and which is more positive for practical works. The compressive strength of various PCM concretes showed nearby values of ordinary M25 grade concrete when it is replaced with 10% of aggregate. At above 10% replacement of fine aggregate reduces the strength. It shows that with increase in the content of Paraffin wax in concrete decreases the compressive strength editor@iaeme.com

9 Investigation on Implementation of Paraffin Wax in Building Materials 6.1. Plastering Work with Paraffin Wax It is observed in plastering work that the temperature decreases at 12 noon rapidly and increases at 12 am. So, it ultimately shows that the temperature changes happen to be low but produces some internal changes in accommodations and living. Figure 3: Temperature Changes of Plastering Work without Paraffin Wax Figure 4: Temperature Changes of Plastering Work with Paraffin wax Paraffin Wax in Concrete Figure 5: Compressive Strength of Paraffin Wax Concrete The surface temperature was very low and provide thermal comfort over the other surfaces. Hence the result produced for this was good. It is observed that the constant temperature of about 65 is given at the bottom surface and 36 was the mean temperature which is observed for more than 1 hour editor@iaeme.com

10 S Kiruthika, R Jagadheeswari, A Oorkalan and N Prakhashm 7. CONCLUSION From this project it is concluded that the usage of PCM in building materials can produce a very good result. When paraffin wax is directly mixed with the cement mortar gives the temperature variations slightly over a day. The temperature falls during the day time and increased over a range of period during night time. About 2.5 to 3.5 is increased and decreased according to the external temperature. Paraffin wax when mixed directly in concrete, it is observed that wax inside the concrete accumulate on the voids of concrete during curing process. From this process it is observed that the paraffin wax concrete has self-curing in nature. But the thermal conductivity of the paraffin wax concrete makes the concrete to swell out the wax at higher temperatures. When paraffin wax is encapsulated through polymerization process and mixed with concrete shows increase in thermal conductivity and produces a good result. In this process the leakage of wax is avoided and directly implemented in concrete. The surface temperature varies predominately to lower temperatures when compared with normal concrete. The following are the some of the outputs of this project. Improves thermal comfort levels and obviate or reduce the need for airconditioning. Reduction in peak temperatures is possible. Used in Residential buildings too. Significant advantages for both commercial and residential buildings. Night ventilation- an integral part. Likely to become a valuable tool for improving thermal comfort in domestic buildings. To replace AIR CONDITIONER on building which reduces the use of power supply and maintain the comfortable nature of building. REFERENCES [1] Alvaro de Gracia a. Luise F. Cabeza a, Luisa F.Cabeza a Celimin, Phase change materials and thermal energy storage for buildings, Elsevier Ltd., Volume 103, 2015, [2] Francesco Fioritoa, Phase-change materials for indoor comfort improvement in lightweight buildings. A parametric analysis for Australian climates. Elsevier Ltd., Vol 57 (2014) [3] Camila Barrenechea,b, Helena Navarroa, Susana Serranob, Luisa F. Cabezab, A. Inés Fernández, New database on phase change materials for thermal energy storage in buildings to help PCM selection, Elsevier Ltd., Vol 57 (2014) [4] Habtamu B.Madessa, A review of the performance of buildings integrated with Phase change material: Opportunities for application in cold climate, Elsevier Ltd., Vol 62, 2014, [5] Sarah J., McCormack, Maria C. Brownea, Indoor characterization of a photovoltaic/ thermal phase change material system, Elsevier Ltd., Vol 70, 2015, editor@iaeme.com