STUDY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE USING SILICA FUME AND QUARTZ SAND AS REPLACEMENTS

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1 Volume 119 No , ISSN: (on-line version) url: ijpam.eu STUDY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE USING SILICA FUME AND QUARTZ SAND AS REPLACEMENTS Gumma Soumya¹, S Karthiga² 1 M.Tech Student, Department of Civil Engineering, SRMIST Chennai, India 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, SRMIST Chennai, India ABSTRACT This work is intended to examine the impact of concrete by partially replacing cement with silica fume and fine aggregate with quartz sand. This is fulfilled by carrying out compressive, split tensile and flexural strength of M35 grade of concrete. Properties of concrete are examined, and the optimum percentages of substitution of silica fume and quartz sand is found out. Fine aggregate is replaced with 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 1% with Quartz sand and cement is partially replaced with 5%, 1%, 15% and 2% with Silica Fume in M35 grade of concrete. The optimum percentages for Silica Fume and Quartz Sand are found out to be 15% and 6%. When 15% silica fume is added along with 6% of quartz sand, it can be seen that the compressive strength increased by 19.16% than conventional, split tensile strength increased by 7.2% than nominal concrete, flexural strength increased by 6.64% than nominal concrete of M35 grade at 28days. Keywords: Silica fume, Quartz sand, Compression, split tensile and flexural strength test 1 INTRODUCTION Every year large tons of waste materials are generated in tremendous amounts by various industrial activities. Currently dealing with this waste is a big issue and few attempts are made to utilize these waste materials or industrial byproducts in the development of construction industry. The Ordinary Portland Cement is the principle ingredient utilized for the manufacturing of concrete and has no alternatives in the infrastructure industry. Sadly, manufacturing of cement involves discharge of lot of carbon dioxide into the environment and a noteworthy contribution for green house impact and earth wide temperature boost. Henceforth it is inescapable either to look for another material or halfway supplant it by some other material. Silica fume is one of the industrial byproduct which is partially replaced in cement to obtain stronger and durable concrete. This is because silica fume is a fine material which is highly pozzolanic in nature and has void filling capacity. Silica fume has high silicon content than Portland cement. When Portland cement in concrete begins to react chemically it releases Calcium hydroxide. Silica fume in concrete reacts with this calcium hydroxide and forms a binding material called Calcium Silicate Hydrate which is responsible for improved hardened properties. Presently decrease of natural resources is developing nations is seen due to quick industrialization and urbanization. The global consumption of natural sand has turned out to be high because of over the top use in concrete and its lack is the greatest worry for the construction industry. One solution for this issue is utilizing quartz sand rather than common sand. Using Quartz Sand in the concrete reduces the initial porosity of the mixture and thereby increases the final strength. In this study comparative experimental investigation of conventional concrete and concrete with partially replacing cement with silica fume and fine aggregate with quartz sand is examined. Initially optimum percentages of silica fume and quartz sand to be added to the concrete individually are obtained. This is obtained by replacing cement with 5%, 1%, 15% and 2% with Silica Fume in M35 grade of concrete whereas fine aggregate is replaced with 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 1% with Quartz sand. Then the optimum percentages of silica fume and quartz sand are added to concrete and tests on compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and durability are carried out. 2. MATERIAL USED 2.1 Cement OPC Penna cement of 53 grades was used in the experiment. Physical properties of opc shown in table 1 and tested in accordance to IS 12269:1987. Table 1 Physical properties of Cement Physical properties Specifications Result Obtained 1 Specific gravity S No Standard Values 2 Fineness Modulus 6 % <1% 151

2 2.2 Fine Aggregate Locally available river sand was used as fine aggregate of size less than 4.75mm. The properties of fine aggregate are mentioned in table 2 and tested in accordance with IS 383: Coarse Aggregate Crushed coarse aggregate of 2mm size was used in the experiment. The physical attributes of coarse aggregates are mentioned in table 2 and tested in accordance with IS: Silica Fume Silica fume is a highly pozzolanic material. Addition of silica fume in concrete reduces permeability of concrete to chloride ions, which helps in protecting the reinforcement from corrosion. Bleeding in concrete is reduced because of its large surface area. The physical properties of silica fume are mentioned in Table Quartz Sand Quartz sand reduces porosity, alternative for river sand. The physical properties of quartz sand are mentioned in Table 2. Table 2 Physical properties of materials Physical properties SNo. Specific Water Materials Gravity Absorption 1 Fine aggregate % 2 Coarse aggregate % 3 Silica Fume % 4 Quartz Sand % 3. TESTS ON CONCRETE The experimental program was designed to compare the mechanical properties of compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of concrete with M35 grade of concrete and with different percentages of silica fume with partial replacement of cement and quartz sand with fine aggregate to the concrete is. 3.1Mix Proportion: Concrete mix was designed to a compressive strength of M35 grade with water cement ratio is.45 respectively as per IS Table: 3 Mix proportions of concrete S. No Mix proportions ( M35 Grade) Materials Quantity in Kg/m³ 1 Cement 438 Kg 2 Water litres 3 Fine aggregate Kg 4 Coarse aggregate 1135 Kg 6 Water cement ratio Compressive Strength Test The specimens of standard shape cube moulds of (15mmx15mmx15mm), as per IS: 1199:1959 which are used for casting with various percentages of with varying percentages of silica fume and quartz sand. All the cubes were tested at and of curing period. 3.3 Split Tensile Strength Split tensile strength test was carried out on cylindrical specimens of diameter 15 mm and height of 3mm with varying percentages of silica fume and quartz sand 3.4 Flexural strength Standard beams of size 5mmx1mmx1mm were cast with varying percentages of silica fume and quartz sand to the concrete for and. 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1 Mechanical properties: Compressive strength: The compression strength of M35 grade mixture with various percentages of varying percentages of silica fume and quartz sand as partial alternative of cement consequences supplied for and within the table 4, 5 and 6. Table 4 indicates that the compressive strength increased gradually till 15% and was up to N/mm 2 and N/mm 2 at and respectively and then it decreased. The compression strength of the specimen exhibit that there is an increase in the strength by 12.41% when compared to a specimen made of nominal concrete. 152

3 The below graph 1 shows that by replacing 15% of cement with silica fume the peak compressive strength was attained in concrete. Table 5 indicates that the compressive strength increased gradually till 6% and was up to N/mm 2 and N/mm 2 at and respectively and then it decreased. The compression strength of the specimen exhibit that there is an increase in the strength by 9.54% when compared to a specimen made of nominal concrete. Table 6 Compressive strength test results of M35 grade of concrete with partial replacement of cement with silica fume and fine aggregate with Quartz Sand Compression strength (N/mm 2 ) % of silica fume and quartz sand added 7 day Conventional concrete % Silica Fume + 6% Quartz Sand The below graph 2 shows that by replacing 6% of fine aggregate with quartz sand the peak compressive strength was attained in concrete. Table 6 shows the compression strength test results with optimum percentage of silica fume and quartz sand added in concrete. The compressive strength of the specimen was N/mm 2 and N/mm 2 at and. Compression stregth of concrete N/mm % 1% 15% 2% % replacement of silica fume From graph 3 it can be inferred that the compressive strength increased by 19.16% than conventional concrete of M35 grade at 28days. Table 4 Compressive strength test results of M35 grade of concrete with partial replacement of cement with Silica Fume Compression strength test (N/mm 2 ) % of silica fume replacement % % % % % Table 5 Compressive strength test results of M35 grade of concrete with partial replacement of fine aggregate with Quartz Sand Compression strength test (N/mm 2 ) % of Quartz replacement % % % % % % Graph 1: Effect of silica fume on compression strength Compression strength of concrete N/mm % replacement of Quartz Sand Graph 2: Effect of Quartz Sand on compression strength compression strength % of silica fume nad quartz sand Graph 3: Effect of silica fume and Quartz Sand on compression strength SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH TEST The split tensile strength of M35 grade mixture with various percentages of varying percentages of silica fume and quartz sand as partial alternative of cement 153

4 consequences supplied for and within the table 7, 8 and 9. Split tensile strength test (N/mm 2 ) % of silica fume replacement % % % % % Table 7 indicates that the split tensile strength increased gradually till 1% and was up to 4.13 N/mm 2 and 4.97 N/mm 2 at and respectively and then it decreased. The split tensile strength of the specimen exhibit that there is an increase in the strength by 3.32% when compared to a specimen made of nominal concrete at. The below graph 4 shows that by replacing 1% of cement with silica fume the peak split tensile strength was attained in concrete. Table 8 indicates that the split tensile strength increased gradually till 4% and was up to 2.59 N/mm 2 and 4.86 N/mm 2 at and respectively and then it decreased. The split tensile strength of the specimen exhibit that there is an increase in the strength by 1.3% when compared to a specimen made of nominal concrete at 28 days. The below graph 5 shows that by replacing 4% of fine aggregate with quartz sand the peak split tensile strength was attained in concrete. Table 6 shows the split tensile strength test results with optimum percentages of silica fume and quartz sand added in concrete. The split tensile strength of the specimen was 3.68 N/mm 2 and 5.46 N/mm 2 at and From graph 6 it can be inferred that the split tensile strength increased by 7.2% than conventional concrete of M35 grade at 28days Table 7 Split tensile strength test results of M35 grade of concrete with partial replacement of cement with Silica Fume Table 8 Split tensile strength test results of M35 grade of concrete with partial replacement of fine aggregate with Quartz Sand Split tensile strength test (N/mm 2 ) % of quartz sand replacement % Table 9 Split tensile strength test results of M35 grade of concrete with partial replacement of cement with silica fume and fine aggregate with Quartz Sand Split tensile strength (N/mm 2 ) % of silica fume and quartz sand added 7 day Conventional concrete % Silica Fume + 6% Quartz Sand Split tensile strength of concrete N/mm % 1% 15% 2% % replacement of silica fume Graph 4: Effect of silica fume on split tensile strength Split tensile stregth of concrete N/mm 2 2% % % % % % replacement of Quartz Sand Graph 5: Effect of Quartz sand on split tensile strength 154

5 Split tensile strength (MPa) % of silica fume nad quartz sand Graph 6: Effect of silica fume and Quartz Sand on split tensile strength FLEXURAL STRENGTH TEST The flexural strength of M35 grade mixture with 15% silica fume as partial replacement of cement and 6% quartz sand as partial replacement of fine aggregate is shown in the below table 1 From Table 1 it can be observed that the flexural strength was up to 5.32N/mm 2 and 6.94N/mm 2 at and respectively. From graph 6 it can be inferred that the flexural strength increased by 6.64% than conventional concrete of M35 grade at 28days. Table 1 flexural strength test results of M35 grade of concrete with partial replacement of cement with silica fume and fine aggregate with Quartz Sand % of silica fume and quartz sand added Conventional concrete 15% Silica Fume + 6% Quartz Sand flexural strength (MPa) 1 5 Flexural Strength test (N/mm 2 ) % of silica fume nad quartz sand Graph 5: Effect of silica fume and Quartz Sand on flexural strength 5. CONCLUSION Tests were conducted to obtain the optimum percentages of Silica Fume and Quartz sand to be added to concrete The optimum percentages of substitution of silica fume and quartz sand in concrete was found to be 6% and 1%. At 15% replacement of cement with silica fume and 6% replacement of fine aggregate with quartz sand the compressive strength was found to be N/mm 2. It can be seen that the compressive strength increased by 19.16% than nominal concrete. At 15% replacement of cement with silica fume and 6% replacement of fine aggregate with quartz sand the split tensile strength was found to be 5.46 N/mm 2. It can be seen that the split tensile strength increased by 7.2% than nominal concrete. At 15% replacement of cement with silica fume and 6% replacement of fine aggregate with quartz sand the flexural strength was found to be 6.94 N/mm 2. It can be seen that the flexural strength increased by 6.64% than nominal concrete. REFERENCES [1] N. K. Amudhavalli, Jeena Mathew, Effect Of Silica Fume On Strength And Durability Parameters Of Concrete International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Emerging Technologies, August 212. Volume 3, Issue 1, pp: IJESET [2] Faseyemi Victor Ajileye Investigations on Microsilica (Silica Fume) As Partial Cement Replacement in Concrete Global Journal of researches in engineering Civil And Structural engineering Volume 12 Issue 1 Version 1. January 212 [3] E.Divya, R.Shanthini, S.Arulkumaran Study On Behaviour of Concrete Partially Replacing Quartz sand As Fine Aggregate [4] J.V.Kerai & S.R. Vaniya Use of Silica Sand as Fine Material in Concrete IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development Vol. 3, Issue 1, 215 [5] B.Durga & M.Indira Experimental Study on Various Effects of Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Silica Sand in Cement Concrete and Cement Mortar International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Volume 33 Number 5- March 216 [6] Vikas Srivastava, Alvin Harison, P. K. Mehta, Atul & Rakesh Kumar Effect of Silica Fume in 155

6 Concrete International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology An ISO 3297: 27 Certified Organization Volume 3, 4, March 214 [7] IS Portland slag Cement specification. [8] IS 516 : 1959 Tests on concrete [9] IS 383: Specification for Coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete. [1] Concrete Technology by M.S.Shetty, S.Chand& company pvt.ltd,ram Nagar, New Delhi [11] P.B. Nagarnaik. "Experimental Study of Artificial Sand Concrete", 28 First International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology, 7/28 [12] R Duval, E.H Kadri. "Influence of Silica Fume on the Workability and the Compressive Strength of High-Performance Concretes", Cement and Concrete Research, 1998 [13] Dharani.N."STUDY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE WITH INDUSTRIAL WASTES", International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 215 [14] IS Code for practice for plain and reinforced concrete. [15] IS Guidelines for concrete mix design proportioning. 156

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