John 11:55 P17. the design of. while eating lunch 12:13. John 12:22 P18. Faz was trying to. was a smoker. saying and Bruce.

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1 11:55 P17 Bruce and Faz collaborated quite closely in design of a number of buildings throughout 1960s and eventually it led to design of Hancock which is a very tall building (Figure 8-9). It this kind of dynamic energy that existed between two of m (9-8 ) :13 Two often met outside of work to discuss different ideas and while eating lunch one afternoon y hit on design that would become Sears Tower... 12:22 P18 We were pursuing idea of bundle tube system and Faz trying to describe this to Bruce and finally Bruce sayss I think I understand what you re saying and Bruce a smoker and took out his pack of cigarettes and took out a number of cigarettes and kinda held m in his hands and had m coming to different heights and asked Faz if this in fact his idea of this is what he thinking, system might look like from architectural stand point from visual stand point and Faz said that s exactly right.. 403

2 : Empire State 10-8 Hancock :53 The idea of using tube construction just starting to gain momentum in architectural world.. 13:00 P19 Up until about 1960 most buildings were built with very wide spacing of columns and long spans between m and se were called frame buildings and thatt system that used for many many years

3 22 13:14 Steel framed construction relied heavily on internal support columns and bracing to bear all of structural loads. The size and number of se support columns directly correlated with height of building.. 13:26 P20 As buildings became taller, we realized that in fact this frame system becoming very inefficient and as can be demonstrated by empire state building (Figure 8-10) with its large quantity of structural steel :42 (10-8 ) empire state. Fazlur Kahn best known in architectural world as far of tubular construction. His idea to bring exterior columns closer toger so that columns would act like a wall in perimeter of building. This would minimize need for massive support columns in center of building :00 The Hancock building as well as world designed using this new construction method. trade center buildings were both. 405

4 : 14:09 P21 The idea for Sears Tower, since this such a large building, tube started to become inefficient because it so wide and so deep. So idea why not take multiple tubes and put m toger? Bundle m. And so Sears Tower if you look at a floor plan is a series of 9 tubes, 3 by 3 that are bundled toger : At base of building are 9 tubes. Two of tubes end at 50 th floor two more tubes end at 66th floor and 3 tubes drop off at 90 th floor leaving only two remaining tubes to proceed to top (Figure 8-11) (11-8 ) 14:54 P22 This bundle tube concept very easily enable architects to create this modulation of space as y went up and purpose of thatt Sears required very large floors for ir function but y were only goingg to initially occupy half building. The remaining half or upper half going to be leased to tenants so idea of dropping off se various tubes n resulted in a smaller floor plan whichh gave more perimeter offices and refore much more attractive on leasing market.. 406

5 . Sears :31 The bundled tubes as well as ingenious use of step-backs set Sears Tower design apart from earlier skyscrapers. Breaking records just an afterthought... Phil Chinn Project Manager Sears roebuck & Co 15:42 P23 The decision to become tallest building not part of initial program but as you started to build floors that were smaller than square foot, Sears floors started to build smaller ones to attract tenants, you started to push upwards to encompass 3.5 million square feet. 407

6 : (4645m 2 ) 50/000. 3/5 And soon, Skidmore Owings and Meril Team found mselves with a structure that just flirting with world record. Skidmore Owings and Meril. Richard Halpern Construction Project Executive 16:08 P24 I went into a meeting with most of Sears executives and architects in which re weree a number of cardboard models n out of a bag Bruce who a consummate salesman, pulled out this walnut model and put it on table and suggested that we were so close to ultimate so close to world s tallest building that we should consider going for brass ring and Sears executives almost broke into applause and re smile all around table :43 Just a few weeks later on July 27 th 1970 Sears management publicly unveiled model for Sears Tower. A model for a building thatt would reach 1450 feet into sky; The model of tallest building in world. ( )

7 Hal Iyengar Sr. Structural Engineer, SOM 17:01 P25 The public pretty excited about it. I think most of excitement came from fact that we were now up on New York. Chicago birthplace of skyscrapers it always prided itself of its tall buildings and that honor stolen by New York :18... The World Trade Center buildings were currently under construction in New York. They had been designed to be tallest in world and now competition on and Chicago poised to bring title home. Ground broken in august of Richard Halpern Construction Project Executive 17:41 P26 We started almost immediately. I didn t have finished working drawings. I have finished working drawings close to day that we were to start that particular project so that foundation drawings were finished before anything elsee and that s when we started foundations (Figure 8-12) :59....(12-8 ) By mid winter work on foundation site well under way. The foundation plans called for a three foot thick wall to be dug around perimeter of building site. Bentonite clay slurry, an aqueous mixture of insoluble clay poured into excavation panels as y weree dug to prevent ground collapse in mortar infiltration (Figure 8-13). The panels reached over five stories into ground. The slurry later displaced by concrete and pumped out of 409

8 : foundation wall. With concrete foundation wall in place entire site n excavated to depth of over 50 feet (Figure 8-12-a). To complete foundation 114 reinforced concrete caissons which varied in diameter from 6 to 10 feet had to be dug in additional 50 feet into earth... (90cm) 5.(13-8 )..( ) 114.(15m) ( ) 12-8 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 13-8 ( ) 410