WALL CLADDINGS BASIC PRINCIPLES

Transcription

1 WALL CLADDINGS BASIC PRINCIPLES Lecturer: Dr Fülöp Zsuzsanna Budapest University of Technology and Economics Faculty of Architecture Engineering Department of Building Constructions

2 STRUCTURAL SUBSYSTEM FACADES LAPOS TETŐK HOMLOKZATOK BELSŐ FÖDÉMEK, FALAK TALAJJAL ÉRINTKEZŐ SZERKEZETEK

3 DESIGN PROCESS BUILDING site function shape STRUCTURAL DECISIONS loadbearing system subsystems : FACADE materials - layers allocation -details

4 DESIGN TASKS building materials (load bearing structure, openings, levels, etc.) dimensional coordination (dimensions of cladding elements, arrangement of fixing etc. measurements, layers (according to the effects and requirements details

5 WALL CLADDINGS CLASSIFICATION 1. By layer arrangement - single shell - double shell (ventilated) 2. By weight - lightweight - heavyweight 3. By appearance - homogenous - modular 4. By construction - embedded - mounted

6 CLASSIFICATION BY LAYERS SINGLE SHELL DOUBLE SHELL Homogenous Thermal insulated Sandwich Ventilated o 1 load bearing wall o 2 surface coating, cladding o 3 thermal insulation o 4 air gap

7 EMBEDDED OR FULL CONTACTED HOMOGENOUS Cladding has homogenous connection with back construction, for instance: plastering, brick and stone claddings up to date thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS) ETICS TRADITIONAL

8 MODULAR, POINTWISE SUPPORTED Dead load of the cladding is transferred by point wise connected elements to the supporting frame or construction, for instance: mounted ceramic cladding mounted stone cladding connecting elements of r.c. crust panel STONE R.C. PANEL

9 MODULAR LINEAR SUPPORTED Fastening of the cladding is ensured by linear elements, such as: metal claddings plastic claddings boards timber claddings

10 CLASSIFICATION BY WEIGHT OF CLADDING LIGHTWEIGHT CLADDINGS materials density thickness weight metal steel 7800 kg/m 3 0,75 mm 6 kg/m 2 aluminum 3000 kg/m mm 3-9 kg/m 2 plastic PVC 1000 kg/m 3 3 mm 3 kg/m 2 artificial sheet fiber cement 1500 kg/m cm kg/m 2 timber 700 kg/m cm kg/m 2 ceramic 1500 kg/m cm kg/m 2

11 CLASSIFICATION BY WEIGHT OF CLADDING HEAVYWEIGHT CLADDINGS materials density thickness weight stone 2000 kg/m 3 3 cm 60 kg/m 2 brick 1500 kg/m 3 10 cm 150 kg/m 2 concrete 2000 kg/m 3 8 cm 160 kg/m 2 Corten steel 7800 kg/m 3 1 cm 78 kg/m 2

12 THERMAL INSULATION MATERIALS 1. PLASTIC FOAMS POLIURETHANE 50/60x100/120 cm 0,03 W/mK dimension: EXPANDED PS FOAM 50/60x100/120 cm EXTRUDED PS FOAM 50/60x100/120 cm : 0,03-0,05 W/mK 0,02-0,04 W/mK

13 THERMAL INSULATION MATERIALS 2. MINERAL WOOLS dimensions: GLASSWOOL 50/60x100/120 cm ROCKWOOL 50/60x100/120 cm : 0,03-0,04 W/mK 0,03-0,04 W/mK

14 HOMOGENOUS Wall cladding: plaster Load bearing construction: stone brick i o brick stone ceramic

15 MULTILAYER WALL * Condensation risk Load bearing construction: stone brick concrete r.c. i o i o Wall cladding: thermal insulation + plaster ceramic Insulation material EPS, XPS, rockwool * Qualified special insulation material

16 MULTILAYER WALL Loadbearing construction: Wall cladding: brick stone stone i o concrete brick concrete r.c. * Qualified insulation material EPS, XPS * Condensation risk

17 VENTILATED WALL Loadbearing construction: stone brick concrete r.c. wall i o Wall cladding: light weight (wood, metal, slate, plastic, ceramic) heavy weight r.c.) (brick, stone, frame (steel, r.c.) Insulation material rockwool

18 PLAIN CO-ORDINATION TASKS PLINTH

19 PLINTH ALTERNATIVES plain positive negative

20 Details BME Faculty of Architecture Department of Building Constructions Gergely Dobszay Ph.D

21 EFFECTS & REQUIREMENTS Architect has to evaluate impacts and requirements from the very first step of the design process PhD Dissertation Fülöp Zsuzsanna 2007

22 DESIGN DATABASE Data groups: Social: laws. cultural traditions, standards etc.; Environmental: climate earthquake, noise, fire etc.; Functional: internal air condition, fire etc.; Structural: material performances, technology etc.;

23 LOCAL DATA Database is unique and local

24 EFFECTS & REQUIREMENTS STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS ACCORDING TO THE IMPACTS loads given from wind, snow, structures SUPPORTING, FIXING UV radiation UV PROTECTION rainfall WATERPROOFING, DRAIN SYSTEM Internal - external temperature THERMAL INSULATION Internal external vapour pressure VAPOUR RESISTANCE chemical, mechanical etc. interaction SEPARATION noise SOUND INSULATION fire FIRE RESISTANCE

25 CONTEMPORARY FACADES Traditionally vertical elements LAPOS TETŐK HOMLOKZATOK CHALLENGING NEW FORMS BELSŐ FÖDÉMEK, FALAK TALAJJAL ÉRINTKEZŐ SZERKEZETEK

26 Light is a key component of the built environment. It is a key factor in dictating the appearance and functionality of a building and its surrounding landscape.

27 Day lighting Heat gain

28 Wind patterns around a building - related problems: wind pressure, natural ventilation, air infiltration, driving rain, smoke distribution, energy consumption of building, street comfort, air change, air pollution in urban spaces.

29 THERMAL INSULATION energy saving, no condensation Temperature distribution in the cross sections Thermal insulation layer is marked by the big temperature drop. heat transmission coefficient (W/m2K)

30 THERMAL BRIDGES Three dimensional heat flows Point wise Linear growing heat loss lower temperature on internal surface of cold bridges (condensation)

31 WIND LOADS general field edge field: 1 m a/8 2 m - corner - parapet - density of fastening elements depends on the type of the cladding - over 20 m height special calculation

32 COMPLEXITY OF REQUIREMENTS stability, mechanical strength fire protection noise and vibration protection safety and barrier free solutions life and wealth protection energy saving and heat protection health and environment protection sustainable consumption of natural resources Each requirements must be fulfilled together at the same time. Hungarian Regulation: OTÉK 253/1997. (XII.20.) recast 211/2012. (VII.30.)

33 According to the holistic approach, a building should be thought of as a whole. A building should be seen as an integrated part of a process in dialog with the surroundings and its occupants The house approached as a complete system, with specific features and performance requirements, not as a collection of independent industrial engineering disciplines (electrical, mechanical, structural, and so on).. PhD Dissertation Fülöp Zsuzsanna 2007 SOLUTION DEPENDS ON THE COMPLEXITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, FUNCTIONAL, ECONOMICAL PARAMETERS

34 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!