ABRASION AND DROP WEIGHT IMPACT RESISTANCE OF COCONUT SHELL ASH CONCRETE

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1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 2, February 217, pp Article ID: IJCIET_8_2_41 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed ABRASION AND DROP WEIGHT IMPACT RESISTANCE OF COCONUT SHELL ASH CONCRETE Sankalp Sharan Research scholar, Sardar Vllabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India Dr. D B Raijiwala Associate Professor, Sardar Vllabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India ABSTRACT Cement is replaced by 1%, 15%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% with coconut shell ash CSA. Compressive strength of mortar and concrete made with CSA is found out. Abrasion resistance of concrete samples of two mix designs is found out in terms of wear loss. Drop weight impact test was also conducted on CSA concrete samples and increase in number per blow was found out. Drop weight impact test and abrasion resistance gives the idea of how coconut shell ash concrete will behave where there can be sudden impact of load or where the concrete surface is subjected to abrasion on regular basis. It is concluded that up to 1% of replacement of cement with CSA is possible and it gives a good result on abrasion resistance test and drop weight impact test. CSA concrete can be used on concrete pavement like on some highways, airport runway and hangar and some industrial floors. Key words: Coconut Shell Ash, Abrasion resistance, Drop weight impact test Cite this Article: Sankalp Sharan and Dr. D B Raijiwala, Abrasion and Drop Weight Impact Resistance of Coconut Shell Ash Concrete. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(2), 217, pp INTRODUCTION Agricultural waste is a natural waste material which in some cases completely left unutilized. Lots of research work has been done on bagasse ash concrete and rice husk ash concrete. [1]Coconut shell fibers have excellent tensile strength and can be used in concrete for strengthening its tensile strength. [2]Coconut shell is agricultural waste material which available in huge quantity and here in this paper some experimental investigation is done to assess the utilization of CSA in concrete. Concrete pavements on highways, pavements in airport, and concretes floors in industrials unit are subjected to abrasion and sudden impact of load. Experimental investigations regarding abrasion and impact resistance of coconut shell ash concrete have been done in this paper to find out the possibilities of its uses. 2. EXRIMENTAL TEST METHODS For all experimental test methods cement is replaced by 1%, 15%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% with coconut shell ash (CSA).With these replacement levels M 2 and M 3 samples were made which in accordance with Indian standard code editor@iaeme.com

2 Abrasion and Drop Weight Impact Resistance of Coconut Shell Ash Concrete 2.1. Compressive Strength Plain cement mortar cubes and M 2 and M 3 concrete samples were prepared according to standard size and no plasticizer is used in its preparation. The moulds and mix design are of the samples are according to the Indian Standard Code specification Abrasion Resistance Abrasion resistance test was conducted according to IS: 1237(212)and IS: 9284(1997)on specimens of size mm at 28, 56, and 112 days of curing ages. The test was conducted on plain cement mortar and for concrete the sample of standard size is cut from the concrete sample. The specimens were dried at 11 C ± 5 for 24 hours, then weighed with the weighing balance of accuracy.1 gm and recorded as W1. Thickness was measured at five points (four readings at each corner and fifth at the center), then, the average thickness was taken of five readings. Abrasive powder was applied to the grinding path with >95% aluminum oxide with grains of round shape, having a specific gravity of 3.9 and hardness of 9 on the Mohrs scale. The specimen was fixed in the holding device with a counter weight of 3 kg (3 N). The grinding disc was rotated at 3 rpm (disc diameter: 75 mm) and set for 22 cycles for each reading; the above stated procedure was repeated for 1 periods, with a total of 22 cycles by rotating the test sample at 9 in each period, and the total volume decrease was measured in mm 3 /mm 2 due to wear and tear. The surface of sample and disc were cleaned by a brush at the end of each 22 cycles, when the thickness and weight (W 2 ) were measured again. The loss of thickness was calculated by using Equation as follows = [( 1 2 ) / 1 ] Where, T- Loss in thickness, W1- Initial weight of specimen before abrasion, W2-Final weight of specimen after final abrasion, V-Initial volume of specimen, A-Abrasive area of specimen. The lower the loss of thickness more abrasion resistance of the sample. A similar method was adopted by several researches, with consistent results [2], [79], [8] Drop Weight Impact Test Drop weight impact was performed on the concrete samples. The test was according to the ACI Committee 544.The apparatus which is shown in figure below consists of steel hammer of 4.45 Kg and it drops from a height of 457 mm on a steel ball surface of specimen. The sample were having diameter of 15 mm and a height of 65 mm and the test was performed on both M 2 and M 3.The number of blows at which first crack occur in the FCB i.e First crack blow and at which the samples finally crack is ultimate crack blow i.e UCB. The difference between the UCB and FCB gives the INPB increase in number per blow which gives the idea how resistive the sample to sudden impact. Figure 1 Abrasion testing of sample Figure 2 Cracked Specimen after conducting the Impact test editor@iaeme.com

3 Sankalp Sharan and Dr. D B Raijiwala Figure 3 Drop weight impact test Figure 4 Abrasive powder 3. EXPERIMENTAL TEST RESULT AND DISCUSSION 3.1. Compressive Stress 8 STRENGTH N/mm days 7days 28days 56days % 5% 1% 15% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% %CSA Figure 5 Compressive strength of CSA mortar STRENGTH N/mm M2 M3 7 days 28 days 56 days 112days % 1% 15% 2% 3% 4% 5% % 1% 15% 2% 3% 4% 5% %CSA REPLACEMENT IN CONCRETE Figure 6 Compressive strength of CSA Concrete editor@iaeme.com

4 Abrasion and Drop Weight Impact Resistance of Coconut Shell Ash Concrete Coconut shell ash is used to replace cement up to 5% and mortar samples were kept in curing tank for 3,7,28 and 56 days while M 2 and M 3 samples were put for 7,28,56 and 112 days. Between 1% - 15% and strength increases marginally as compared to the control concrete sample however after 15% replacement with CSA strength decreases irrespective of age Abrasion Loss WEAR LOSS %CSA IN M2 28 DAYS 56 DAYS 112 DAYS 2 Figure 7 Wear Loss in M 2 Wear loss %CSA M3 28 DAYS 56 DAYS 112 DAYS WEAR LOSS Figure 8 Wear Loss in M %CSA IN MORTAR 28 DAYS 56 DAYS 112 DAYS Figure 9 Wear Loss in CSA mortar The wear loss of 28 days sample is 1.58, 1.51 for 1% and 2% of CSA in M 2, 1.39 and 1.32 for M 3 in 1% and 2% replacement of CSA with cement. Abrasion test was performed according to IS: 1237(212).It is found that in all samples of all curing ages 1% and 2% samples have lower wear loss editor@iaeme.com

5 Sankalp Sharan and Dr. D B Raijiwala The value is less in comparison with % CSA and less than the wear loss all samples having % CSA levels higher than 2% Impact Test TH DAY 112 TH DAY NO OF BLOWS TH DAY FCB UCB % CSA Figure 1 First crack and Ultimate crack blow value for in M INPB VALUES FOR M %CSA 1 %CSA 2 %CSA 3 %CSA 4 %CSA 5 %CSA 28TH DAY 56TH DAY 112TH DAY Figure 11 INPB values for M TH DAY 112 TH DAY NUMEBR OF BLOWS TH DAY FCB UCB %CSA IN M3 Figure 12 First crack and Ultimate crack blow value in M editor@iaeme.com

6 Abrasion and Drop Weight Impact Resistance of Coconut Shell Ash Concrete 4 35 INPB VALUES IN M %CSA 1 %CSA 2 %CSA 3 %CSA 4 %CSA 5 %CSA 28TH DAY 56TH DAY 112TH DAY Figure 13 INPB values for M 3 Drop weight impact test gives the idea of the sample about its resistance to sudden impact load on the sample. First crack blow i:e FCB and ultimate crack blow i:e UCB was counted while performing the drop weight impact test. Difference between the UCB and FCB is the increase in number per blow which gives the idea of resistance for the sample to be completely cracked. Till 2% CSA replacement INPB values increases and there is considerable amount of difference between the first and final crack in the sample. After that INPB values decreases with increases in the % of CSA. 4. CONCLUSION The strength in CSA mortar and in M 2 and M 3 mix increases when cement is replaced by 1% however strength decreases with the increase in the percentage of coconut shell ash. In abrasion test the wear loss is less between the 1% and 2% of CSA. With increase in the percentage of CSA wear loss also increases. However with increase in the number of days wear loss is less. In drop weight impact test the till 2% CSA replacement with cement the samples shows good impact resistance better than the control mix.csa concrete shows good resistance towards abrasion and impact test however more experimental investigation is needed. CSA concrete may be used on that surface where there is possibility of high abrasion or there is a chance of sudden impact like in airport or in industrial buildings. REFERENCES [1] Olugbenga O. Amu et al.,potentials of Coconut Shell and Husk Ash on the Geotechnical properties of Lateritic Soil for Road Works, International Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol.3 (2), 211, [2] Paramasivam P, Nathan GK, Das Gupta NC. Coconut fibre reinforced corrugated slabs. Int J Cem Compos Lightweight Conc 1984; 6(1): [3] Dan Ravina. Mechanical properties of structural concrete incorporationg a high volume of Class F fly ash as partial fine sand replacement. Mater Struct1998;31(March):84 9. [4] Nimityongskul P. and Daladar T.U (1995), Use of coconut husk ash, corn cob ash and peanut shell ash as cement replacement, Journal of Ferrocement vol. 25, no1, pp (5 ref.) [5] Nili M, Afroughsabet V. Combined effect of silica fume and steel fiber on the impact resistance and mechanical properties of concrete. Int J Impact Eng 21; 37: [6] Naaman AE, Gopalaratnam VS. Impact properties of steel fiber reinforced concrete in bending. Int J Cem Compos Lightweight Concr 1983;5: editor@iaeme.com

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