Mechanical Project Proposal. Indoor Multi-Sport Facility. At Pennsylvania State University

Transcription

1 At Pennsylvania State University Christopher Van Campen December 05, 2002

2 Executive summary The proposed thesis is to alleviate the of its only major problem, not enough seating capacity for the spectators during a NCAA championship track meet. To achieve this end, all of the building systems, including the architecture, will have to be analyzed and enlarged. The proposed thesis will evaluate and add to the mechanical system within the track and field space to accommodate the increased load due to the new spectators, this will require an in depth analysis of the current space and the proposed new space. The thesis will also require an analysis of the increase in lighting and electrical systems necessary for the increased space and loads due to new mechanical equipment. The structural system will need to be increased to allow the roofing system to span the new area, with the hope of avoiding columns among the spectator seating within the new section. Spectator flow will also need to be considered when designing the addition. And finally, the Architecture of the building and landscape will need to be considered in the proposed thesis. Not only will the proposed thesis integrate all of the new systems, but they will have to fit into the existing systems, to create one larger system. The reason for this is that the addition is not a new room, but an increase in the size of the existing room. At the end of the project, it should look as though there was no addition, and everything was built at one time. Background The at The Pennsylvania State University is a $16,000 million building placed along University Drive, to the south of the Bryce Jordan Center. The facility began design in the year 1997 and began construction in May of 1998, with a completion before the fall semester of The project team for the building was: Owner: The Pennsylvania University Architect: NBBJ Ass./Landscape Architect: Hoffman Popovich MEP Engineer: Ling Partnership (formally Parfitt/Ling) Structural Engineer: Korda/Nemeth Engineering, Inc. Civil Engineer: Gannett Fleming, Inc. Construction Management: Barclay White Skanska, Inc. (formally Barclay White, Inc.) Page 1 of 10

3 The overall cost of the building exceeded its budget, forcing the university to reduce the number of spectator seating below NCAA Championship regulations. Because of this, NCAA will not hold any championship competitions within the new state-of-the-art at Penn State University. There is currently permanent seating for about 800 spectators, which is shy of the NCAA regulated 3,000 seat minimum required for championship indoor track meet. There is space within the field at the west of the track to accommodate temporary spectator seating for competitions, however this is still below the 3,000 seat mark. The track has a hydraulic lift system to bank the turns for a proper intercollegiate track meet, but also allows the turns to stay flat for a more multi-purpose solution. There are only two other hydraulic systems like it within the nation, and they are only 55 ft in radius, where this one is 65 ft. This versatility allows the building to have many uses, as its name suggests. It is open to the students, faculty, and staff of PSU during normal operating hours, but also is able to accommodate high school track and field meets, Penn State track and field practices, and it has even hosted the Special Olympics. The is a very simple building. It comprises of two different spaces, the track and field space and the supporting program space. Each space has its own box, which are adjacent to each other. The program space comprises of offices, conference room, locker rooms, and other necessary spaces. The track and field space is a huge box comprising of the track and field area, spectator seating, weight room, and other necessary spaces. The building is designed very well, with flow patterns very well defined; the only problem is that there is not enough seating capacity for spectators. Mechanical Background The mechanical systems for the two different spaces use two very different HVAC systems. The program space is heated and cooled using a VAV system with a single air handling unit. To accommodate the spaces heating needs, the air handler has an indirect gas-fired radiant heater. For cooling, the unit receives chilled water from a 41 ton air-cooled chiller located at the south east of the building. The system runs on two different modes, occupied and unoccupied. The track and field space uses two different systems for its heating and cooling needs. The heating is done using efficient direct gas-fired radiant heaters with all of the louvers closed. The ventilation air for the athletes is gathered from infiltration, while the ventilation air needs for the spectators is through an air handler with an indirect gas- Page 2 of 10

4 fired radiant heater. The cooling needs of the space are done by cross-ventilating the building. The building is oriented in such a way as to receive any wind that may arise, along with a curved shape of the roof and nineteen sets of louvers to induce the wind through the building. For the times that there is not sufficient wind, there are nineteen large 15,000 cfm exhaust fans. There is no air conditioning within the track and field space, except for the telecommunications room. Structural Background The entire building is steel framed, with spread footing and a masonry curtain wall. The 30,000 sq. ft. program space has two floors with a mechanical mezzanine and a flat roof. The 100,000 sq. ft. track and field space is mostly one floor with a second floor off to the side for a passage way to the spectator seating, weight room and mechanical room. Under the weight room, spectator seating and mechanical room there is an abundance of storage. Most of the space does not have a single interior column, except for the passage area to eliminate interference of any kind. To neutralize the lateral loads and span the almost 200 feet from one end to the other, the roofing system incorporates a complex truss system. This elaborate structural system elevates the need for columns to obstruct the view of the spectators. Problem Statement While the is a state-of-the-art facility with many uses, it will never host a championship indoor track meet in its current form. There are only 800 permanent seats for spectators within the building, which is well below the NCAA regulated minimum 3,000 spectator seating for championship meets. Even when considering that there is room for temporary seating at the end of the track, there still is not enough seating. Plus, using the temporary seating area creates spectator flow problems. Another problem with using the end of the track for spectator seating is that the mechanical system was not designed to accommodate such loads at that end. There would not be enough ventilation air, nor is there enough cooling for the area if it where packed with cheering spectators. Proposed Solution The proposed thesis will solve the seating problem by adding spectator seating to the southern end of the track, on the opposite side of the current seating area. This will require redesigning of all of the different systems to come to a working solution. Mechanical (Depth) Solution Page 3 of 10

5 The mechanical system will need to be designed to accommodate the increase in ventilation needs of the new section of spectator seating. To accomplish the introduction of enough fresh air for the spectators, a new air handling unit will need to be added, similar, but larger, to the unit that provides the ventilation air for the existing spectator area. This unit will be placed within a new mechanical room at the west end of the addition, directly across from the existing mechanical room. The mechanical system will also be designed to accommodate the increase in cooling loads during the summer months of an added 2,200 spectators within the new section. To accomplish this, the proposed thesis will look at several different alternatives: 1. Some of the existing exhaust fans will be lowered to help create a breeze over the crowd of spectators. One problem with this alternative will be to look at the noise produced by the fans. 2. A couple of added exhaust fans at a lower level, along with added louvers at the opposite side of the track to increase air flow. This option creates a few architectural and structural issues. 3. Add cooling to the new air handling unit. One problem is that the rest of the space is not cooled, and most of the time this cooling will probably not be used. 4. The last option would be to leave the system of cooling completely alone. The only problem is that there may not be enough cooling even for the spring and fall months. All of the different options for cooling the space will require an in depth look at the current system and the substantial increase in loads, especially due to the addition to so many people. The shape of the roof will also need to be examined, so that maximum air flow will go through the building after the addition. The final mechanical consideration will be the added heating needs during the winter months. The new addition will be heated using a combination of a radiant system, similar to the current system, and heater within the air handler. An analysis of cost will need to be taken into account when choosing the different systems; however gas will probably be used, especially when there is already gas at the site and distributed through the building. Structural (Breadth) Solution Because the addition will need to be quite large to accommodate such a large crowd, the structure will need to be analyzed extensively. The structure of the addition will be steel with a steel truss system for the added roof. Because the shape of the roof will depend of air flow, the truss system will not be able to be designed until that part is finished. There will also be a walkway to get to the new section which will need to be supported and covered using structural steel. Page 4 of 10

6 Electrical/Lighting (Breadth) Solution The lighting system will need to be extended into the new section. The solution for the lighting will be as simple as carrying the existing lighting pattern through the new section. There will also need to be lighting in the new passageway, which will be similar to the existing passageway. The electrical system will need to be analyzed to be sure that it can accommodate the new mechanical equipment and lighting needs. If the existing system is not sufficient, then the electricity to the building will need to be increased. Construction Management (Breadth) Solution All of the credible alternatives within the mechanical solution will need cost information to gauge which solution is best. Also, the end product will need a rough square foot estimate for the owner to gauge whether or not the addition is worth the benefit of being eligible to hold NCAA intercollegiate championship track meets. Architectural (Breadth) Solution The proposed thesis will be architecturally involved, because the building will be added to. This not only changes the exterior aesthetics of the building, but changes flow patterns within the building and also changes the landscape around the building. The addition will increase the size of the track and field portion of the building, and also add a passageway around the track to the new section. See sketch below to see the changes to the outside of the building. Proposed Addition As can be seen by the aforementioned sketch, while quite large, the proposed addition will not affect the general look of the building footprint. The goal of the architectural solution is to keep the building as close to the original design as possible, which will involve using all of the same finishing material as the existing building. Page 5 of 10

7 Solution Method Mechanical (Depth) Method The mechanical system will primarily require the use of hand calculations with the help of Carrier s HAP. The reason hand calculations will be primarily used is because of the nature of the space. There are a lot of variables that are not defined for the space, and require basic rules of thumb and engineering estimates (better known as the SWAG process). Also, for numbers like ventilation requirements, power densities and envelope insulating values will be pulled from ASHRAE Standards 2001 (Ventilation from Std. 62, power densities and envelope insulating values from Std. 90). The proposed thesis will also require an extensive talk with the mechanical engineer of the project to get a feel for how the space was originally designed. Then comments from the current users of the building will need to be gathered so that the original procedure can be evaluated. Structural (Breadth) Method The structure of the addition will be designed using LRFD. The design will also use numbers from the steel manual for the required loads for the design of the steel members. The structural design will include a few columns as possible to avoid blocking the view of the spectators. Electrical/Lighting (Breadth) Method For the design of the electrical system, the IES handbook will be used for conductor and conduit sizing methods. For the lighting system, the allowed power densities from ASHRAE Std. 90 will be used along with the existing lighting system, so that everything melds together. Construction Management (Breadth) Method All of the costs for the different designs will come from R.S. Means data. These estimates will be a very rough ballpark square foot estimate, manly used to evaluate the different options. The calculations will also be used to give the owner a rough estimate of the cost for the addition. Architectural (Breadth) Method All of the information for the architecture of the proposed thesis is existing on the site. Because the objective of the architecture of the addition is to look like the existing building, all of the architectural choices are already made. The only real architectural decisions to make are in relation with the flow of spectators and the landscape. Page 6 of 10

8 Tasks and Tools General Task 1. Gather all NCAA regulations for a building to be chosen for an intercollegiate championship meet a. This includes official numbers for minimum spectator seating. b. Any other building information. Architectural Design Task 1. Examine existing building and landscape a. Tour building and look closely to architecture of the building, especially around addition area. b. During tour, look at the landscape around the building, especially any adjacent fields. Task 2. Research Codes a. Research the codes used in the existing building. (i.e. BOCA, ASHRAE Std 90, NFPA, etc.) Task 3. Design addition architecturally a. Using knowledge from the tour, design the addition and landscape so that is melds with existing building and landscape. b. Keep in mind the need for supporting rooms. (i.e. mechanical rooms, rest rooms, etc.) c. Keep in mind the envelope requirements as listed within ASHRAE Std 90, and other codes. Structural Design Task 1. Determine floor and roof loads a. Look to the steel manual for all needed loads. b. Allow for the mechanical and lighting equipment when determining structural loads. Task 2. Design the steel structure a. Using the LRFD steel manual, the structure will be design. Task 3. Reevaluate the architecture from a structural standpoint a. Make sure everything works with the architecture, if not, redesign accordingly. Mechanical Design Task 1. Compute Ventilation Requirements a. Using tables from ASHRAE Std , gather required ventilation for spectators. Task 2. Design mechanical system to cover ventilation requirements Page 7 of 10

9 a. Using the company of the existing air handling unit, pick a unit that will accommodate the outdoor air required by the spectators. Task 3. Compute heating loads a. Use information gathered from mechanical assignment 3b Load and Energy Estimates. b. Gather information from mechanical engineer (if possible). c. Gather occupant comments about current mechanical system. d. Compare numbers from mechanical assignment 3b with engineer numbers. e. Change numbers if necessary to meet occupant comments. Task 4. Design heating system a. Gather information from current heating system. b. Add radiant heating as necessary. c. Add a heater to the air handling unit that will raise the outdoor air in the winter to 55 F. Task 5. Compute cooling loads a. Gather the information used by the mechanical engineer to establish the required air flow over the spectators. b. Gather information on exhaust fans, manly noise levels. c. This step will require using the SWAG method, because there is no true cooling system, just cross ventilation. Task 6. Design cooling system a. If heat within the spectators not excessive, leave fans in existing positions. b. If noise is not prohibitive, lower some of the fans so that air will more easily flow over spectators. c. Examine other possible exhaust fan placements to help air flow over spectators. Task 7. Reevaluate the architecture and structural systems from a mechanical standpoint a. Make sure everything works with the architecture, if not, redesign accordingly. b. Make sure everything works with the structural system, if not, redesign accordingly. Electrical/Lighting Design Task 1. Gather information for the lighting and electrical system. a. Gather information from the IES and ASHRAE handbooks. b. Gather information from existing lighting layouts. Task 2. Design Lighting Layout Page 8 of 10

10 a. Using the information lay out the lighting similar to the existing, following all current applicable codes. Task 3. Design Electrical system a. Using the IES handbook, design the electrical system to handle the extra loads imposed by the new lighting and mechanical equipment. Task 4. Reevaluate the architecture, structural systems from a lighting standpoint. a. Make sure everything works with the architecture, if not, redesign accordingly. b. Make sure everything works with the structural system, if not, redesign accordingly. System Integration Task 1. Run a check of all systems a. Make sure all of the systems work together without any conflicts. b. This should be the case, as long as the reevaluations were performed. Construction Management Task 1. Gather needed information a. Using R.S. Means, gather all needed square foot estimates. Task 2. Make an Estimate a. Using the information gathered, evaluate the different mechanical options if needed. b. If there are multiple options, the first cost of the options will be the deciding factor. c. Using the square foot estimates, give a final ballpark number for the addition as a whole. Page 9 of 10

11 Timetable Task 1/20 1/27 2/3 2/10 2/17 2/24 3/3 3/17 3/24 3/31 4/7 G-1 X A-1 X A-2 X A-3 X X S-1 X S-2 X S-3 X M-1 X M-2 X M-3 X X X X M-4 X M-5 X M-6 X M-7 X X E-1 X E-2 X E-3 X E-4 X I-1 X X C-1 X C-2 X Final Report X Presentation X X Page 10 of 10