Data Collection in the Framework of a House Owner Survey - Input for the Building Stock Model Germany

Transcription

1 Data Collection in the Framework of a House Owner Survey - Input for the Building Stock Model Germany Nikolaus Diefenbach Institut Wohnen und Umwelt (IWU) (Institute for Housing and Environment) Darmstadt / Germany I. Approach of the Project Building Stock Data Base II. Results (Examples from Building Insulation) III. Application and Outlook 1

2 Initial Situation before the Project Statistical Information needed about the German building stock: Study Grundlagen für die Entwicklung von Klimaschutzmaßnahmen, IWU et al., State of Modernisation (e.g. How many walls, roofs,. have already been insulated?) Ø Modelling the energy consumption of the building stock Ø Evaluating the success of climate protection polices in the past 2. Modernisation Trends (e.g. How many walls, roofs,. are insulated every year?) Ø Carrying out trend and scenario analysis Ø Identifying need to adapt climate protection instruments 2

3 Project Building Stock Data Base Datenbasis Gebäudebestand, carried out by Institut Wohnen und Umwelt and Bremer Energie Institut funded by BBR, KfW and Hessian Ministry of Environment Project Approach: representative survey of German residential buildings interrogation of house owners chimney sweepers as interviewers Survey Design: multi-stage, stratified sampling => intentional increase of number of multi-family houses and new buildings nonresponse correction (e.g. in case of electric/district heating systems) adaptation to national statistics (total number of buildings, end of 2009) 3

4 Overview of the Questionnaire Contents of the questionnaire (16 pages): general information of the building e. g. erection year, type of house owner, historical monuments building services (heat supply, ventilation, climatisation) e. g. main heat supply system, installation year, solar systems, additional systems structural building data e. g. type of roof, type of walls, type of windows, fraction, year and thickness of insulation, retrofit measures without insulation financing of energy saving measures e. g. energy saving support programmes specific information about new buildings (since 2005) e. g. building standards like passive house plans for energetic modernisation (during the next 5 years) barrier-free housing e. g. barrier-free appartments, modernisation measures Einige Fragen zu Ihrem Gebäude... im Dienst der Wissenschaft Befragung: Wohngebäude in Deutschland Durchführung des Forschungsvorhabens: Institut Wohnen und Umwelt Annastraße 15, Darmstadt Bremer Energie Institut College Ring 2, Bremen in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Bundesverband des Schornsteinfegerhandwerks mit Förderung durch das Bundesamt für Bauwesen und Raumordnung, die KfW-Bankengruppe und das Hessische Ministerium für Umwelt, Energie, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz im Rahmen der Forschungsinitiative Zukunft Bau des Bundesministeriums für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung und des Bundesamtes für Bauwesen und Raumordnung 4

5 Available Data Participation of 415 chimney sweepers Return of questionnaires from 241 urban and rural districts 56 % of all 429 German districts, see map Data base: 7510 questionnaires residential buildings non-residential buildings (with dwellings) Data base inquiries by external experts are possible 5

6 Survey Results (1) Fraction of thermal protection modernisation measures, carried out in the past at old buildings erected until 1978, areal fraction in case of windows: thermal protection glasing 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% wall roof / top ceiling floor / cellar ceiling windows Error bars: statistical standard error 6

7 Survey Results (2) Annual insulation rates ( old buildings, areal fraction) 3,00% 2,50% 2,00% 1,50% 1,00% 0,50% 0,00% wall roof / top ceiling floor / cellar ceiling windows 7

8 Survey Results (3) Ad-hoc Projection of progress of thermal protection until 2020 and 2030 ( old buildings, areal fraction) 100% 90% 80% potential trend 2030 trend 2020 actual state % 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% wall roof / top ceiling floor / cellar ceiling windows "total (weighted mean) 8

9 Survey Results (4) Average thickness of insulation layers: Modernisation measures (three periods) and new buildings 25 thickness of insulation [cm] modernisation until 1999 modernisation modernisation since 2005 new buildings since wall roof / top ceiling floor / cellar ceiling wall modernisation: outside insulation walls of new buildings: walls with insulation layers (e. g. no pure brick walls) 9

10 Application for Building Stock Analysis (1) Modelling the energy consumption of the national residential building stock during TABULA by 7 partners: German Model Project: Defining a set of 6 synthetical average building types: 2 size classes (SFH/MFH: single/multi-family houses) x 3 age classes SFH I SFH II SFH III MFH I MFH II MFH III geometrical data (German) living space m² 133,7 137,3 136,7 412,4 609,1 592,6 TABULA reference area m² 147,1 151,0 150,4 453,6 670,0 651,9 number of dwellings 1,30 1,17 1,12 6,33 8,89 7,81 wall area m² 143,5 134,5 121,5 302,6 466,2 385,8 roof area m² 105,2 109,5 89,2 173,0 303,2 298,2 cellar ceiling area m² 87,2 89,8 70,2 151,9 271,1 224,8 window area m² 27,3 29,8 25,3 80,6 141,9 125,3 refurbished fraction of element area wall 20% 7% 0% 26% 15% 0% roof 47% 24% 0% 48% 23% 0% cellar ceiling 10% 3% 0% 11% 7% 0% windows 36% 12% 0% 45% 24% 0% U-values of the not refurbished fraction of the element area U-value wall W/m²K 1,40 0,60 0,28 1,35 0,68 0,39 U-value roof W/m²K 1,00 0,44 0,33 1,09 0,45 0,34 U-value cellar ceiling W/m²K 1,24 0,68 0,41 1,45 0,69 0,43 U-value windows W/m²K 2,70 2,70 1,60 2,70 2,70 1,60 U-values of the refurbished fraction of the element area U-value wall W/m²K 0,35 0,26 0,34 0,27 U-value roof W/m²K 0,24 0,18 0,24 0,18 U-value cellar ceiling W/m²K 0,37 0,30 0,39 0,30 U-value windows W/m²K 1,60 1,60 1,60 1,60 total number for projections to the German building stock (German) living space Mio. m² Data sources: Data base building stock German building typology (TABULA generic types) Energy certificate data base of dena (German Energy Agency) 10

11 Application for Building Stock Analysis (2) Heat Supply Structure (basic systems): percentages related to: dwellings in all residential buildings of the classes SFH I - MFH III Heat Generators for Space Heating SFH MFH SFH I SFH II SFH III MFH I MFH II MFH III Heat Generators Energy Carrier District Heating District Heating 1,4% 2,3% 3,6% 12,0% 22,2% 11,6% Boilers Building / Apartment Heating Systems Gas 43,6% 48,1% 66,4% 52,5% 61,9% 77,9% Oil 39,4% 40,6% 18,7% 25,6% 12,7% 5,2% Biomass 4,1% 3,0% 2,9% 2,3% 0,5% 3,2% Coal 0,3% 0,0% 0,0% 0,1% 0,0% 0,0% Heat Pump Electricity 1,0% 1,7% 6,1% 1,3% 0,0% 1,4% Gas 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% CHP Engine Gas 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 0,1% 0,0% 0,3% direct electric Electricity 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% Stoves Room Heating Systems Gas 1,4% 0,0% 0,0% 1,2% 0,1% 0,0% Oil 1,4% 0,3% 0,2% 0,9% 0,1% 0,0% Biomass 3,8% 0,3% 0,8% 1,3% 0,0% 0,0% Coal 0,7% 0,0% 0,0% 0,6% 0,0% 0,0% direct electric Electricity 2,9% 3,7% 1,3% 2,1% 2,5% 0,4% Projection of energy consumption in the residential building stock: National Energy Balance Energy Consumption (10 9 kwh) National Statistics average TABULA model deviation related to: (Energy Consumption of households) single value total value district heating % -1,63% gas % 4,31% oil % 3,29% biomass % -1,00% coal % -1,32% electricity* % -0,96% Summe % 2,69% * electricity for heating and hot water (estimations) 11

12 Application for Building Stock Analysis (3) Calculation of Energy Saving Potentials during TABULA: (examplary analysis) application of energy saving measures to the total building stock two levels of insulation measures, 1: standard and 2: advanced (approaching passive house ) heat supply by condensing boilers (level 1) + additional solar Primary Energy Consumption thermal systems (level 2) + ventilaton systems with heat recovery (level 2) heat consumption (heating and hot water) in TWh/year % Heat Consumption - 68 % actual (2009) level 1 level 2 primary energy (heating and hot water) in TWh/a actual (2009) level 1 level 2 Ongoing Project: Scenario Analysis of the German residential building sector against the background of the German Gouvernement s energy concept (by order of BBR and BMVBS, no results published yet, due: spring 2012) - 46 % - 73 % 12

13 Perspectives for Climate Protection Strategies in the Building Sector Scenario Analysis: trends and perspectives of energy saving measures and technologies, emissions and costs Building Typologies information basis for energy balance and scenario analysis in the building stock Policy Instruments for Climate Protection - information, education - energy saving ordinances - economic measures (taxes, funding) regular update is necessary Monitoring of the Building Stock - what could already be achieved? - which are the current trends? 13