Section Gas, Chemical, Hazardous Material Storage

Transcription

1 1 2 Gas, Chemical, Hazardous Material Storage General Comply with the design and safety guidelines and references listed in Appendix A and cited throughout this chapter. Storage requirements for hazardous materials may vary widely depending on facility size and use. An inventory of chemicals, radiological and biological materials used and/or stored shall be either provided or reviewed by DOHS personnel. Data shall be checked against applicable codes to verify that the proposed hazardous material use is compliant with allowable limits. DEP, DRS, and DOHS shall review and approve all designs features related to hazardous materials storage and handling Planning Requirements NIH Campus Buildings Hazardous substances used at the NIH fall into two categories; substances used directly for research activity such as laboratory chemicals and substances used in support of the facility such as chemicals used for washing glassware, cage washing, or neutralizing wastewater discharges. Laboratory and animal research facility buildings shall be designed with a room for temporary storage of hazardous waste and radioactive wastes. Mixed waste (hazardous waste that is also radioactive) shall be treated as radioactive waste in this temporary storage area. Hazardous waste is generally stored in this room for several hours or overnight. Refer to Section F.3 Radioactive Waste Storage. Hazardous materials used in support of a facility must be placed in a designated hazardoussubstance storage area. In general, these materials are received in 220 L drums or larger. Some neutralization chemicals may be stored in bulk containers up to 1,600 L. Storage capability shall be provided for up to ten drums. Buildings utilizing these hazardous substances shall be designed with a receiving and storage area located at or near the point of use of the materials and shall be used for long term storage of hazardous materials. <link to Loading Dock Chapter> Hazardous-substance storage areas shall be out of the normal flow of personnel traffic and shall be located near the loading dock for easy access to the trucks used to transport the waste for processing. Convenient access from the storage room to the freight elevator shall be provided without having to traverse heavily used corridors so as to minimize the risks to the building occupants during the transport of the waste. The storage and staging area shall be large enough to store the hazardous substances and provide room for loading and unloading the drums or containers. If multiple substances are stored, the design shall allow incompatible materials to remain segregated while in storage. 1

2 Each section of the storage room shall be designed to contain any spills of hazardous waste resulting from mishandling the waste materials. Options include a spill-containment curb around the room, secondary containment bins, shelving designed to contain spills, or a combination thereof. Any curb used for containment spills shall be designed to allow convenient ingress/egress using a drum trolley. Each section of the storage area shall be designed to contain a spill of a minimum of 4 L of liquid. The configuration of the storage area shall be designed to facilitate spill cleanup. Interior surfaces of the storage area shall be cleanable, corrosion resistant, and non-reactive. A chemical-resistant coating shall be applied to the walls and floor in this area to facilitate the cleanup of spills. These areas shall be thoroughly caulked and sealed to minimize pest harborage and exclude pests. <LINK TO SEALANT SCHEDULE> Safety equipment including emergency eyewash, emergency shower, and a telephone shall be provided for each storage room and staging area. The telephone to contact emergency response personnel shall be located either in the room or within 10 m of the room. Fire protection design requirements shall apply if flammable materials are stored Off Campus Buildings Off-Campus Buildings: Laboratory buildings located in Montgomery County, Maryland, but not located on the NIH campus shall be designed per this section. Hazardous waste may be stored in these rooms from 60 to 90 days Wet Laboratories Hazardous Materials Storage: All laboratories shall be designed for the safe storage of hazardous substances while discouraging the storage of excessive amounts of hazardous substances. All wet laboratories shall contain an approved ventilated acid (corrosive) cabinet and an approved flammable materials storage cabinet. The sizes of these cabinets shall be based on the volume of corrosive and flammable materials used in the laboratory. There shall be no flammable storage cabinets located under fume hoods. Corrosive storage cabinets shall be ventilated and are typically located beneath fume hoods. If no fume hood is present, exhaust ventilation must be provided to these cabinets. Corrosive and flammable storage cabinets shall be separated from each other and located towards the back of the laboratory, away from egress doors. Radioactive Storage: The location of radioactive storage cabinets shall be standardized in the laboratories to assist emergency response personnel, optimally located near the laboratory door for convenient access by the technician collecting the hazardous waste. For laboratory modules with a service corridor, the storage area shall be located near the service entrance rather than the hall entrance, avoiding the transport of hazardous waste through the main corridors of the laboratory building. Hazardous Waste Storage: All laboratory modules shall be designed for the safe storage of hazardous waste generated by laboratory activities. The volume of hazardous waste generated by a laboratory is a function of the type of work being performed in the laboratory. The A/E shall 2

3 consider the function of the laboratory to determine the space necessary for hazardous waste storage. At a minimum, a 0.75 by 0.75 m area shall be required. The A/E must also recognize that some types of hazardous waste may be incompatible and shall design the hazardous waste storage area to accommodate multiple containers. The A/E shall investigate the possibility of stacked containers that will provide sufficient storage space while minimizing the footprint in the laboratory. However, hazardous containers shall not be stacked. Each storage container shall be designed to provide secondary containment of hazardous wastes. This storage area shall have a minimum of two physically separated sections to allow segregation of incompatible materials. Some laboratories may require three segments depending on the types of hazardous waste that will be generated. Storage areas shall be designed per Section B.4 The location of the hazardous waste storage area in laboratories shall be standardized to assist emergency response personnel and shall be designed per Section B Design Requirements Campus Receiving and Storage Areas Layout and Size: Two individual sections shall be designed: one for hazardous waste and one for radioactive waste. The storage room shall be large enough to provide for temporary storage of the hazardous waste and radioactive waste, and for storage of specialized carts to transport the hazardous waste from the laboratories. The hazardous waste storage section shall be 2.5 m x 3.5 m minimum. The radioactive waste storage section shall be 0.75 m x 1.5 m minimum. Storage Cabinets: A minimum of three 2 m-high storage cabinets shall be provided in each room to provide segregated storage of incompatible materials. Open floor space in the storage room shall accommodate one 1 m-long waste cart and allow access to the storage cabinets and shelving. Spill Containment: Waste materials are normally transported using specialized carts that provide spill containment. Spill containment shall be designed per Section B.2. Floors and Walls: Floor and walls shall be designed per Section B.2. Ventilation System: A separate ventilation system shall be installed for the storage room. Exhaust shall be directed away from the building and surrounding buildings air intake. This ventilation system shall be connected to the building's emergency power system. <LINK TO HVAC?> Lighting: Standard illumination requirements apply to this room. Fire Protection: Sprinkler protection in the room shall be designed to meet the requirements for Ordinary Hazard Group 2. Safety Equipment: Safety equipment shall be designed per Section B Off-Campus Receiving and Storage Areas 3

4 Since this waste from off-campus facilities will be transported over public roads, the hazardous storage room will also be used to prepare the hazardous waste for shipment. Processing conducted in this room includes bulking waste into larger containers, laboratory packing individual waste containers, and labeling and manifesting the containers for shipment. Layout and Size: The storage room shall be divided into two sections. The first section shall be large enough to provide for temporary storage of the hazardous waste as it is received from the laboratories and after it has been packed for shipment. The second section shall be used for bulking and packaging the waste. Space for preparing manifests and other documentation shall be provided, either in the storage area or in an additional space outside the room. Space for storing specialized carts used to transport the hazardous waste from laboratories shall also be provided. Spill Containment: Spill containment shall be designed per Section B.2. Floors and Walls: Floor and walls shall be designed per Section B.2. Ventilation System: The ventilation system shall be designed per Section B.3 The ventilation system shall be spark proof. The ventilation system shall be designed to allow easy access for routine or emergency maintenance from outside the containment area. Safety Equipment: Safety equipment shall be designed per Section B.2. Fume Hood: A walk-in fume hood shall be provided in the bulking and packaging area, where exposure to harmful fumes is possible. Explosion-Proof Design: An explosion panel designed to dissipate the impact of an explosion shall be provided in the storage room. Lighting: Explosion-proof lighting shall be provided in both areas. Fire Rating: Storage room walls shall have a two hour fire rating Flammable Storage Cabinets (FSC) a) A flammable storage cabinet constructed of metal shall be provided in each laboratory. Additional FSC s shall be provided per NFPA 45 requirements. <LINK TO Section 4.8> b) Flammable storage cabinets shall not be vented and shall not be located underneath fume hoods. d) The exterior of all FSC s shall be appropriately signed. e) The FSC shall be located as remotely as possible from the exit doors of the laboratory and shall not be installed beneath fume hoods. f) FSC s shall not be located in corridors. 4

5 g) The integrity of the FSC shall not be compromised by its mounting method Corrosive Storage Cabinets (CSC) a) A ventilated CSC shall be provided in each laboratory. b) CSCs shall be located underneath fume hoods where possible. c) The exterior of each CSC shall be appropriately signed Gas Cylinders a) Commonly used gases such as CO 2 shall be supplied from a centralized manifold or bulk storage tank and piped throughout the facility to the greatest extent possible. Warning gauges and valves with protective fusible links or the equivalent shall be included in the design. b) Flammable and other hazardous gasses may not be stored outside the laboratory. DOHS shall be consulted regarding placement requirements for specific gases. c) Gas cylinders shall be properly secured with cylinder restraints to a vertical surface in locations that are out of the way of but easily accessible for replacement by hand cart. Moveable cylinders (Example: wheeled base) must also be secured. d) Appropriate space for cylinders shall be provided within the laboratory to minimize potential hazards associated with the use of these cylinders and to maximize usable laboratory space. e) ADD section re: sizes of tanks and non-pressurized gases and reference chemical list do we have one??? Cryogen Liquids a) Cryogenic liquid tanks shall be placed in such a manner that their controls may be secured to prevent unauthorized access or accidental manipulation b) Cryogenic tanks shall be placed away from below grade areas where dense vapors may collect and aware from glass doors or windows Bulk Storage Facilities Above Ground Storage Tanks: Above ground storage tanks shall be provided in accordance with state of Maryland and Montgomery County, Maryland, requirements if fuel storage is required (i.e., a day tank ensuring uninterrupted availability of fuel). The use of clean-burning fuels such as natural gas or liquid propane shall be considered. Above ground storage tanks shall be located to provide access for delivery trucks. Concurrently, the tanks shall be sufficiently isolated and protected from traffic flow to minimize the risk of accident. The tanks shall be placed in a location to minimize the aesthetic impact of the tank on the surroundings, including the use of beams and landscaping to block the view of the tanks. 5

6 All above ground storage tanks shall be double walled and meet the requirements of the American Petroleum Institute and the NFPA. The tanks shall also be consistent with the NIH Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasures Plan. Spill Control: All bulk storage facilities and above-ground storage tanks shall be equipped with secondary containment to prevent discharge of the material in the event of a spill or a leak. For single storage tanks, the secondary containment shall be large enough to contain the volume of the tank and rainfall from a 10 year, 24 hour storm. For multiple storage tanks, the secondary containment shall be large enough to contain the volume of the largest tank and rainfall from a 10 year, 24 hour storm. Materials used to provide the secondary containment shall be impervious to the substance contained in the storage tank. The containments shall be equipped with a normally closed valve to prevent accidental discharge of the substance from the containment. This valve can be manually opened to discharge accumulated rainwater after it has been determined that the water is not contaminated. Other potential spill areas for hazardous substances on the campus are loading docks where spills can occur during the loading and unloading of hazardous substances or hazardous wastes. 6