COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH EVALUATION OF ECO-FRIENDLY CONCRETE REPLACING SAND PARTIALLY WITH HIGH IMPACT POLYSTYRENE

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1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2018, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_09_01_084 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH EVALUATION OF ECO-FRIENDLY CONCRETE REPLACING SAND PARTIALLY WITH HIGH IMPACT POLYSTYRENE CH. Bala Rama Krishna and P. Jagadeesh School of Civil and Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India ABSTRACT This paper presents the variation of compressive strength with an increase in percentage fine aggregate replacement with High impact polystyrene at the age of 7, 14 and 28 days curing periods. It helps in finding optimal percentage replacement of electronic waste HIPS (High Impact Polystyrene) as sand in concrete. Thus possibility of reduction in plastic disposal problem can be achieved. Thereby energy consumption and protects environment from pollution. Investigation reported that reduction in compressive strength up to 20% is minimal and reduction raises as percentage of HIPS replacement increased further. The results obtained as compressive strength reduced when compared to conventional concrete, however achieved target mean strength of the mix design. As an alternative to sand scarcity problem as well as to reduce e-waste disposal problem, this eco-friendly concrete belongs to medium weight serves its application for nonstructural elements. Keywords: High impact polystyrene, electronic waste, compressive strength, nonstructural elements Cite this Article: CH. Bala Rama Krishna and P. Jagadeesh, Compressive strength evaluation of eco-friendly concrete replacing sand partially with High impact polystyrene, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(1), 2018, pp INTRODUCTION Due to rapid technology growth in manufacturing and service industries, there is an uncontrollable increment of e-waste in the world. Its disposal becomes a severe problem to maintain clean environment. Recent years, there is a considerable concern regarding recycling and reuse of this waste for various research efforts and valued added applications. One trend in recent research approach of disposing e-waste is substituting aggregates in concrete. Since concrete is the second world s most usage material, the maximum potential utilization of disposing is possible editor@iaeme.com

2 Compressive strength evaluation of eco-friendly concrete replacing sand partially with High impact polystyrene E-waste has more lighter, flexible and tougher nature. It possesses low thermal conductivity property. In order to counter above property researchers have investigated several ways of modification of e-waste form and shape to suit concrete and to improve concrete s properties. Poly-ethylene terephthalate (PET) from PET bottles was replaced for sand in concrete and showed result as same workability characteristics and little lower compressive strength and splitting tensile strength to the conventional concrete [1-2]. Fabriform polyethylene of postconsumer plastic containers with length ranging mm and width from mm were utilized in sand replacement of concrete [3]. Scrapped polyvinyl chloride (PVC) granules were replaced sand partially and identified workability, compressive strength and splitting tensile strength were lower than conventional concrete and the concrete properties possessed low density, more ductility, lower drying shrinkage and resists chloride ion penetration [4]. Shredded plastic and glass up to 20% of fine aggregates; crushed concrete up to 20% of coarse aggregates were verified as substitutes in concrete mixtures [5].Researchers identified processed high impact polystyrene (HIPS) for replacing sand in cement mortar to reduce the disposal problem of solid waste. HIPS in various percentages of sand replacement offered applications as light weight concrete [6].The impact of additives on the physical, mechanical properties and microstructure of the newly invented materials compared to their traditional counterparts was identified. Report suggested the addition of HIPS improves the compressive strength and found no significant impact on the change of absorption but density of concrete reduced [7]. Powdered PCB with size varying from 4.75mm to 2 mm with specific gravity of 1.4 was used as fine aggregate and suggested 10% replacement of fine aggregate with PCB can be used for load bearing elements [8]. The survey done [9] revealed that plastic waste materials can be replaced partially both fine and coarse aggregate in concrete mostly for non-structural concrete elements. 2. MATERIALS Ordinary Portland cement of 53 Grade Zuari Cement is used in concrete according to the BIS specifications and its physical properties are shown in Table 1. Coarse aggregate ranging from mm and fine aggregate sand with a density of 2.44 g/cm 3 and maximum size of 4.75 mm are used. Physical properties of coarse aggregate and fine aggregate are shown in Table 2. And also e-waste plastic namely, High impact polystyrene (HIPS) of varying size mm with a density of 1.04 g/cm 3 is replaced fine aggregate partially. Physical properties of HIPS are shown in Table 3. The surface of HIPS aggregate as shown in Figure 1 and is smooth in surface texture and round in shape. HIPS aggregates are used in the concrete mixtures as a partial substitute for fine aggregate in various volume percentages of 5, 10, 15 and 20%. The M 20 grade concrete mix with 0.55 water cement (W/C) ratio based on BIS is designed. Based on BIS recommendations, Potable water at room temperature is used for concrete mixing. In total, 45 concrete specimens are casted and performed compression tests on the 7 th, 14 th and28 th day in accordance with BIS a and BIS b editor@iaeme.com

3 CH. Bala Rama Krishna and P. Jagadeesh Figure 1 HIPS for sand replacement Table 1 Physical Properties of Cement Characteristics Experimental Values IS12269 :1987 specifications Grade Specific gravity Normal Consistency 32% 30% - 35% Fineness of cement 6.50% < 10% Initial Setting Time 50 min > 30 Final Setting Time 420 min < 600 Soundness 1.2 mm < 10 mm Table 2 Properties of Aggregate Characteristics Coarse aggregate Zone II Fine aggregate Specific Gravity Fineness Modulus Water Absorption 0.83 % 0.20 % Table 3 Properties of High Impact Polystyrene Specific gravity 1.04 Tensile strength 42 MPa Water absorption Nil Flexural strength 2.1GPa 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1. Compressive Strength test All concrete cube specimens of 10cm x 10cm x 10cm size in this test are loaded in the compression-testing machine as shown in Figure 2. The specimens are loaded up to failure and the specimens containing HIPS aggregate failed at a lower compressive load compared with the control specimen. This general downward trend observed for the 7 th, 14th and 28th days strengths in comparison to ordinary concrete is shown in Figure editor@iaeme.com

4 Compressive strength evaluation of eco-friendly concrete replacing sand partially with High impact polystyrene Figure 2 Compression testing machine loaded with cube specimen 3.2. Effect of HIPS on compression strength The strength decreased with an increase in HIPS ratio for the W/C ratio 0.55 as shown in Figure 4. The characteristic compressive strength of concrete at 28 days is achieved for 0.55 W/C ratios at 20% HIPS replacement of sand. The cube specimens with HIPS aggregate underwent more deformation than the conventional concrete specimen. The percentage decrease in compressive strength as related to the percent increase of HIPS is calculated. For each W/C ratio, a linear relationship was used to understand the reduction in compressive strength as the percentage of the HIPS ratio in the mixture increases.compressive strength of concrete specimens with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% HIPS replacement for sand reduced by 34.5%, 14.03%, 7.30%, and 4.97% respectively at 7days of curing period. Similarly a reduction of 15.62%, 8.23%, 2.38%, 0% and 5.7%, 1.3%, 0%, 0% was observed for 14 days and 28 days concrete specimen for 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% HIPS replacement for sand. Figure 3 Compressive strength of concrete with partial of replacement of fine aggregate with HIPS editor@iaeme.com

5 CH. Bala Rama Krishna and P. Jagadeesh Figure 4 % Reduction of compressive strength of concrete with increase in %HIPS for different curing periods 3.3. Discussion Aforesaid experimental results revealed that the reduction in compressive strength of M20 concrete decrease as the % HIPS replacement increases from 0% to 20% in fine aggregate. For 28 day and 14 days test, compressive strength results almost same as conventional concrete, however a reduction 4.97% observed during 7 days test. This may be due to less days of curing, regular shape and smooth surface of HIPS caused a poor bond between cement paste and HIPS.As shown in Figure 5 due to weak bond, cracks are developed even at lower loads during testing of specimens at the interface of cement paste and HIPS aggregate. As the hardened strength properties influenced by the volume of fine aggregate in the concrete, HIPS (e-waste) replacement resulted in decrease in the actual volume of fine aggregate and in turn leads to reduction in concrete strength. Figure 5 Cracks formed in specimen at lower loads during compressive strength test editor@iaeme.com

6 Compressive strength evaluation of eco-friendly concrete replacing sand partially with High impact polystyrene 4. CONCLUSIONS Current experimental investigation on compressive strength of M20 concrete made by partial replacement of fine aggregate with HIPS granules, following conclusions are drawn. Linear reduction in compressive strength of concrete was observed with varying (5-20) % of HIPS replacement in fine aggregate. Decrease in compressive strength of concrete was reduced as the % HIPS replacement increases from 0% to 20% in fine aggregate. For 28 day and 14 days test, compressive strength results almost same as conventional concrete. But, a reduction of 4.97% observed during 7 days test. Reasons may be due to less days of curing, regular shape and smooth surface of HIPS caused a poor bond between cement paste and HIPS. An optimal replacement of fine aggregate with HIPS for M20 concrete arrived as 20%. REFERENCES [1] Frigione M, Recycling of PET bottles as fine aggregate in concrete, Waste Manage 2010; 30: [2] Marzouk OY, Dheilly RM, Queneudec M, Valorization of post-consumer waste plastic in cementitious concrete composites, Waste Manage 2007;27: [3] Ismail ZZ, AL-Hashmi EA, Use of waste plastic in concrete mixture as aggregate replacement, Waste Manage 2008; 28: [4] Kou SC, Lee G, Poon CS, Lai WL, Properties of lightweight aggregate concrete prepared with PVC granules derived from scraped PVC pipes, Waste Manage 2009;29: [5] Batayneh M, Marie I, Asi I, Use of selected waste materials in concrete mixes, Waste Manage 2007; 27: [6] Wang Ru, Christian Meyer, Performance of cement mortar made with recycled high impact polystyrene, Cement & Concrete Composites, 34 (2012) [7] Senthil Kumar K, L.NA.Iniyan, Reuse of waste printed circuit board as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete, International conference on ACESC [8] Ryszard Dachowski, Paulina Kostrzewa, The Use of Waste Materials in the Construction Industry, World Multidisciplinary Civil Engineering-Architecture-Urban Planning Symposium [9] Ch. Bala Rama Krishna And P. Jagadeesh Influence of Admixtures On Plastic Wastes In An Eco-Friendly Concrete A Review International Journal Of Civil Engineering And Technology, 8(6), 2017, Pp [10] A. Narender Reddy and Prof. Meena. T Behaviour of Ternary Blended Concrete Under Compression, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(4), 2017, pp [11] M.S. Vijaykumar and Dr. R. Saravanan. Analysis of Epoxy Nano Clay Composites Compressive Strength during Tropical Exposure Test. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 8(5), 2017, pp [12] M.S. Vijaykumar and Dr. R. Saravanan. Analysis of Epoxy Nano Clay Composites Compressive Strength during Salt Spray Test. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 8(5), 2017, pp [13] R. Gopa Kumar and Dr R. Rajesh. A Study on the Abrasion resistance, Compressive strength and Hardness of Banana Fibre Reinforced Natural Rubber Composites. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology, 7(3), 2016, pp editor@iaeme.com