The Northridge Earthquake Impacts, Recovery and Lessons from Catastrophic Planning

Transcription

1 Workshop on Large-Scale Disaster Recovery in APEC Northridge/HAZUS The Northridge Earthquake Impacts, Recovery and Lessons from Catastrophic Planning

2 Northridge Earthquake Summary January 17 th, 1994, 4:31 am, Martin Luther King Day Mw 6.7, Blind thrust fault event

3 Northridge Earthquake Summary Similar in location and size as the 1971 San Fernando earthquake (Blue) Aftershock fields overlap, but Northridge (Red) blind thrust dipped south and rupture never reached the surface

4 Northridge Earthquake Impacts 57 fatalities 9,000 injuries $40B economic losses

5 Northridge Earthquake Transportation Impacts 7 major freeway collapses, several fatalities 170 damaged freeway bridges Santa Monica Freeway World Busiest repair bonus, $200K/day, reopened day days ahead $1.8B in direct losses, $5.9B in business interruption losses

6 Highway Bridge Mitigation Most post-1971 and all post 1981 bridges did well, but were exposed to extremely high vertical ground motions Retrofits that were completed also did well Since Northridge another $6B has been spent by Caltrans under a re- evaluated program

7 9 hospital closures Hospital Impacts Olive View-hospital severely damaged in 1971 San Fernando earthquake performed well

8 Why we were lucky Post San Fernando code changes and mitigation significantly reduced loss of life Shopping malls, schools, freeways, parking structures were empty Energy released to Santa Susanna Mountains

9 FEMA s Recovery Process National Response Framework - (Federal Response Plan) during Northridge Coordinated 27 Federal agencies during Northridge earthquake Lead agency for Long- term Community Recovery (LTCR)

10 Long Term Community Recovery Emergency Support Function (ESF14) Major Components: Needs Assessment Establish strong local leadership and community- driven process Coordinate resources from all agencies

11 Long-Term Community Recovery Develop strategy Establish recovery value and prioritize projects Goal 1: Transportation Project A: Rapid restoration Project B: Expansion of Metrolink Project C: Re-evaluation evaluation and prioritization of future bridge

12 Community-Driven Process Strong local leadership Public process Community involvement = Community buy-in

13 Many factors but returning tax base is critical = supporting business development High Value Projects

14 Recovery Resources Housing resources are complex Earthquake insurance: 40% had coverage in 1994; 13% today Northridge Housing Reconstruction Resources Northridge Public Infrastructure Reconstruction Resources Federal Grants Federal Loans Private Insurance Personal Savings Federal Grants Local Funding

15 Northridge Housing Strategy Leadership from City of L.A. Identified 17 Ghost Towns Focused 0% interest loan programs Apartment complex owners $35K/unit, 5 year deferment Affordability requirement Encouraged repair over demolition

16 Incorporating Mitigation Into Recovery Welded Steel Frame Wood Frame Project Leverage Federal dollars Mitigation Assessment Teams

17 Pre-Event Recovery Planning Pre-Disaster Mitigation Planning (all States, thousands of communities) Recovery and Reconstruction plans only completed in a few communities (CA, NC, FL) Can address both long and short-term term recovery Should address and streamline: Contractor Licensing, Retail Cost Controls, Damage Assessment, Condemnation, Debris Removal and Disposal (FEMA plan), Infrastructure Restoration, Permitting

18 Pre-Event Recovery Planning Caltrans: Pre-arranged contracting Training for inspecting engineers Pre-identification of detour routes Rapid reconstruction process

19 Need for Catastrophic Planning Northridge had challenges, but in some measures was not catastrophic Expected activity Economic activity Disaster Recovery Catastrophe Time

20 Scenario Driven Catastrophic Planning Hurricane Pam Hurricane Ono New Madrid 1906 Anniversary ShakeOut Seattle Fault Cascadia Salt Lake Hayward

21 HAZUS Applications

22 HAZUS/ShakeMap Integration

23

24 HAZUS/ShakeMap in Utah RISK COMMUNICATION Utah has not had its big earthquake historically. 26 recent paleoearthquakes, Mw ~7 Segments may rupture individually or together

25

26

27 Translating Results to Needs URBAN SEARCH & RESCUE GAP ANALYSIS-Mw 7.0 SALT LAKE SEGMENT Resource Metric Required Total number of US&R Type I Task Forces required? (Approximately 70 members, trained & equipped for light frame, heavy wall, heavy floor and concrete-steel construction (heavy reinforced concrete)). Number of: Task Forces Trained Personnel Total number of US&R Type II Task Forces required? (Approximately 32 members, trained & equipped for light frame, heavy wall, heavy floor and concrete-steel construction.) Total number of Collapse S&R Type III Teams required? (Approximately 22 members, trained & equipped for light frame construction.) Total number of Collapse S&R Type IV Teams required? (Approximately 6 members, trained & equipped for light frame construction.) Number of: Task Forces Trained Personnel Number of: Teams Trained Personnel Number of: Teams Trained Personnel , ,050

28

29 Killer Buildings: URM Related Casualties - Salt Lake Scenario (~185K URMs) Time of Day Severity 3 & 4* Casualties w/out URMs Severity 3 & 4 Casualties w/urms Daytime 2,500 8,800 Search and Rescue Needs: Focus on URMs-concentration of life-threatening injuries Concrete-steel debris-usar USAR s equipment % Casualties Caused by URMs 70% *note: Severity 3 and 4 include life- threatening casualties and fatalities, respectively

30 New Madrid Scenario Losses ($B)

31 Mitigation Priorities Unreinforced Masonry Related Casualties - New Madrid Scenario (~450K URMs) Time of Day Severity 2, 3 & 4 Casualties w/out URMs Severity 2, 3 & 4 Casualties w/urms Nighttime Daytime Commute 1,750 3,750 5,500 16,500 16,550 17,300 % Casualties Caused by URMs 89% 77% 68%

32 Killer Structure Problem URMs: : More than 70% of severe casualties and loss of life-wasatch and New Madrid Killer Buildings: Scenarios indicate certain types of vulnerable buildings cause most the loss of life

33 The End