WaMaFat. Integriertes Wärmemanagement- Fassadenelement. BMWI gefördertes Projekt (seit 6/2011)

Transcription

1 WaMaFat Integriertes Wärmemanagement- Fassadenelement BMWI gefördertes Projekt (seit 6/2011) Nikolaus Nestle BASF SE Ludwigshafen inhaus Forum, Duisburg

2 Overview Multifunctional facades really new? Heat management by insulation today Energy management beyond insulation WaMaFat: Multifunctional facade concepts with minimal needs for active components WaMaFat: The partners

3 Multifunctional facades

4 Multifunctional facades No separate facade however: wall multifunctional Mechanical strength Shelter against wind Thermal mass Feeling of privacy

5 Multifunctional facades No separate facade however: wall multifunctional Mechanical strength Shelter against wind Thermal mass Feeling of privacy

6 Multifunctional facades Separate facades Decorative Protection of actual wall against elements

7 Multifunctional facades Separate facades Decorative Protection of actual wall against elements Improving caloric performance of wall

8 Heat management by insulation today Energy loss in residential buildings Today s ETICS*: No energy gain Insulation only No use of solar energy Passive *: External Thermal Insulation Construction System

9 Heat management by insulation today Energy loss in residential buildings Further problem with merely insulated buildings: Thick conventional foam layers or High-cost and sensitive VIPs Today s ETICS*: No energy gain Insulation only No use of solar energy Passive Demonstrations-Passivhaus Trier-Petersberg *: External Thermal Insulation Construction System Nestle/GKP/R

10 Innovations in insulation: ways to lower λ Vented sheets making use of Knudsen effect Challenges: Workability Durability Material base Nestle/GKP/R

11 Innovations in insulation: ways to lower λ Vented sheets making use of Knudsen effect Challenges: Workability Durability Material base Nestle/GKP/R

12 Innovations in insulation: ways to lower λ Vented sheets making use of Knudsen effect Challenges: Workability Durability Material base Vacuum insulation Challenges: Core materials and packaging foils allowing reasonable durablity Nestle/GKP/R

13 Even with innovative materials Energy loss in residential buildings Today s ETICS*: No energy gain With Insulation Insulation only No use of solar energy Passive *: External Thermal Insulation Construction System ETICS 1.0

14 Energy management beyond insulation Reflect or use incoming solar radiation depending on temperature conditions Control heat currents between interior and exterior Smart heat capacity Use as few active elements as possible Cost Ease of maintainance With Heat Management ETICS 2.0

15 BASF tools for passively mimicking the polar bear s heat management Insulation Various polymer foams Ongoing projects on advanced (hybrid) foams Storage PCMs (organic) Research efforts in inorganic PCMs Heat radiation control Pigments with tailored absorption behaviour Transparent IR reflector foils Switchable pigments With Heat Management ETICS 2.0

16 On the way to advanced heat management systems for construction applications Suggested system from grant application Exterior Translucent high-performance insulation Protective coating Wall with increased thermal storage capacity (PCM) UV VIS NIR Wall Interior Air temperature: 0 C Air temperature: 22 C Thermally switching reflector pigment Energy absorber: Solar irradiation (UV+VIS+IR) heat

17 On the way to advanced heat management systems for construction applications Suggested system from grant application Exterior Translucent high-performance insulation Protective coating Wall with increased thermal storage capacity (PCM) UV VIS NIR Wall Interior Air temperature: 0 C Air temperature: 22 C Thermally switching reflector pigment Energy absorber: Solar irradiation (UV+VIS+IR) heat

18 Incoming solar radiation spectrum Rough description About half of radiation energy in visible and Half in near infrared region

19 Solar radiation management with pigments On wall: reflect

20 Solar radiation management with pigments On wall: reflect UV VIS NIR On window: Reflect (or absorb) selectively

21 Solar radiation management with pigments On wall: reflect UV VIS NIR On window: Reflect (or absorb) selectively Absorption: Possible problems due to local heating

22 Solar radiation management with pigments On wall: reflect UV VIS NIR On window: Reflect (or absorb) selectively In WaMaFat: Reflect (selectively?) in warm environment Low temperature: transparent

23 Reflections on reflecting B. v. Vacano

24 Reflections on reflecting Dazzling effects by large area direct reflectors Lower degree of direct reflections in pigment-based formulations Thermoopaque instead of reflecting layers B. v. Vacano

25 On the way to advanced heat management systems for construction applications Suggested system from grant application Exterior Translucent high-performance insulation Protective coating Wall with increased thermal storage capacity (PCM) UV VIS NIR Wall Interior Air temperature: 0 C Air temperature: 22 C Thermally switching reflector pigment Energy absorber: Solar irradiation (UV+VIS+IR) heat

26 Advanced heat management on conventional facades?

27 Advanced heat management on conventional facades? Halving heat loss by improved insulation needs doubling insulation thickness

28 Advanced heat management on conventional facades? Halving heat loss by improved insulation needs doubling insulation thickness Limit requirement U-value for walls by EnEV 2009: 0.28 W/m 2 K (corresponding to 8 cm Neopor) Worst case heat flow (40 K temperature difference): 11,2 W/m 2

29 Advanced heat management on conventional facades? Halving heat loss by improved insulation needs doubling insulation thickness Limit requirement U-value for walls by EnEV 2009: 0.28 W/m 2 K (corresponding to 8 cm Neopor) Worst case heat flow (40 K temperature difference): 11,2 W/m 2 Approximate solar energy flow onto (south) facade in winter semester: 100 kwh/m 2 (i.e. ca. 23 W/m 2 )

30 Advanced heat management on conventional facades? Halving heat loss by improved insulation needs doubling insulation thickness Limit requirement U-value for walls by EnEV 2009: 0.28 W/m 2 K (corresponding to 8 cm Neopor) Worst case heat flow (40 K temperature difference): 11,2 W/m 2 Approximate solar energy flow onto (south) facade in winter semester: 100 kwh/m 2 (i.e. ca. 23 W/m 2 ) Use solar irradiation to compensate loss heat flow instead of doubling insulation!

31 Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating a very basic setup Inner insulation (conventional) Outer insulation (translucent) and protection Absorber

32 Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating a very basic setup Outer insulation (translucent) and protection Absorber Inner insulation (conventional) Action in winter: Reduced temperature gradient over main insulation Small heat capacity, good performance only during sunshine Action in summer: Unwanted heating less severe due to different angle of incidence May be combined with shading

33 Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating refinements Inner insulation (conventional) Action in winter: Reduced temperature gradient over main insulation No ventilation No energy storage Outer insulation (translucent) and protection Action in summer: Unwanted heating reduced by ventilation Absorber Air gap for thermal decoupling by ventilation

34 Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating refinements Inner insulation (conventional) Action in winter: Reduced temperature gradient over main insulation No ventilation No energy storage Outer insulation (translucent) and protection Action in summer: Unwanted heating reduced by ventilation Absorber Air gap for thermal decoupling by ventilation

35 Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating refinements Outer insulation (translucent) and protection PCM Inner insulation (conventional) Action in winter: Reduced temperature gradient over main insulation No ventilation Reasonable energy storage by PCM: 250 Wh/m 2 (i.e. about 5-8 kg/m 2 using present technology) Absorber Air gap for thermal decoupling by ventilation Action in summer: Unwanted heating reduced by ventilation

36 Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating refinements Plausible dimensions: 2 cm outer insulation 1 cm PCM/strength 2 cm air gap Outer insulation (translucent) and protection Inner insulation (conventional) Action in winter: Reduced temperature gradient over main insulation No ventilation Reasonable energy storage by PCM: 250 Wh/m 2 (i.e. about 5-8 kg/m 2 using present technology) Absorber PCM Air gap for thermal decoupling by ventilation Action in summer: Unwanted heating reduced by ventilation

37 Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating refinements Thermoreflective coating Inner insulation (conventional) Action in winter: Reduced temperature gradient over main insulation No ventilation Reasonable energy storage by PCM: 250 Wh/m 2 (i.e. about 5-8 kg/m 2 using present technology) Absorber PCM Outer insulation (translucent) and protection Action in summer: Reflection of unwanted solar irradiation (fully passive system)

38 Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating Caloric performance Realistic (dark) U-value Thermoreflective Inner coating insulation (conventional) W/m 2 K Absorber PCM Outer insulation (translucent) and protection

39 Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating Caloric performance Realistic (dark) U-value Thermoreflective Inner coating insulation (conventional) W/m 2 K Neopor similar thickness: 1 W/m 2 K Absorber PCM Outer insulation (translucent) and protection

40 Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating Caloric performance Realistic (dark) U-value W/m 2 K Thermoreflective Inner coating insulation (conventional) Reduction of heat flow by 20 % even under dark conditions Elimination of heat flow in sunshine (+ storage time up to 5 h) Neopor similar thickness: 1 W/m 2 K Absorber PCM Outer insulation (translucent) and protection

41 Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating Caloric performance Realistic (dark) U-value W/m 2 K Neopor similar thickness: 1 W/m 2 K Thermoreflective Inner coating insulation (conventional) Absorber PCM Outer insulation (translucent) and protection Reduction of heat flow by 20 % even under dark conditions Elimination of heat flow in sunshine (+ storage time up to 5 h) Superior caloric performance compared to similar thickness of insulation

42 WaMaFat the consortium Vinylit BASF Fraunhofer ISE LUWOGE Consult Stockwerk (Fischer Architekten)

43 WaMaFat time line and work packages Materials ( Bottom Up ) Technology Push AP1 Identify existing materials AP3 Modelling Energy flows on idealized facades AP2 Develop functional components based on those materials Modelling ( Top Down ) Market- & Future-(Social)-Pull AP4 Modelling Buildingscale simulations AP5 Defintion of concept for produceable multifunctional facade system Implementation, demonstrators AP6 Optimization of (existing) materials AP7 Lab scale validation of optimized materials AP8 Building of demonstrators AP3a Visions demands (holistic) Market-driven (time scale 5 10 years) modular (multiple functionalities) Project time (months) Nestle/GKP/R 43

44 Thank you for your attention