B. Seaming shall be a continuous process with a minimum of interruption along any given seam.

Transcription

1 4. The extrudate rod shall be certified by the Manufacturer to be made of the same resin as the parent membrane, and certification supplied as in Paragraph 1.5, Submittals. 5. The weld area shall be prepared by sanding or grinding to a depth of less than inch into the sheet surface to be in contact with the extrudate. 6. The weld area shall be kept clean and dry. 7. Width of weld not to exceed bead by inch on each side. D. The Installer shall maintain at least one spare operable seaming unit on site at all times. 3.4 SEAMING PROCEDURES A. Where conditions warrant, the Installer may use a temporary support surface between the geomembrane and the subgrade to achieve proper support. The Engineer shall direct the deposition of the support material on completion of seaming. B. Seaming shall be a continuous process with a minimum of interruption along any given seam. C. Prior to seaming, the geomembrane shall be overlapped a minimum of 4 to 6 inches for fusion welding. Procedures used to temporarily position or bond the rolls shall not result in damage to the geomembrane. D. Seams shall be aligned so as to create a smooth and wrinkle free surface in the overlap area. E. Extrusion Welding: 1. Grinding required along a seam shall be done within 15 minutes of the seaming operation and shall not damage the geomembrane. 2. Installer shall determine when preheating is required and whether wind effects may be deleterious to extrusion seaming operations. 3. Artificially induced cooling of extrudate welds, by water or any other means, shall not be allowed. Care shall be taken during vacuum testing that extruded welds being vacuum tested are at ambient temperature. F. Cross Seams: The top and bottom excess overlap shall be removed and the top and bottom edge of the cross-seam shall be ground to a smooth transition prior to seaming. G. No seaming shall be attempted in wet weather where the geomembrane is exposed to the elements. H. Seam overlaps shall be shingle lapped downslope. I. Where possible, low areas shall be patched, tested and inspected first. J. All patches shall have rounded comers, shall consist of the approved geomembrane material and shall extend beyond the edge of any defect a minimum of 4 inches in all directions. K. All seams shall be indelibly labeled on the geomembrane with the following information (Installer will keep accurate records of this information): 1. Machine identification number. 2. Seam number in sequence of installation. 3. Direction of travel of seaming equipment. 4. Name of person welding seam. 5. Date and time of start. L. No "fish mouths" shall be allowed within the seam area. Where "fish mouths" occur, the material shall be cut and overlapped until smooth. An overlap extrusion welded patch shall be applied. M. Any membrane area showing injury due to excessive scuffing, puncture, or distress from any cause shall be replaced or repaired with an additional piece of HDPE membrane

2 N. No seaming shall be permitted when the ambient, or geomembrane, temperature is below 32 F or above 104 F or when the winds are in excess of 20 mph. 0. Each repair to the geomembrane will be serial numbered by the Installer. The Installer will keep accurate records showing the following for each repair: 1. Location of Repair. 2. Description of damage. 3 Date and type of repair. 4. Date of vacuum box testing. 3.5 PANEL LAYOUT DRAWINGS A. Proposed (Shop Drawings): 1. The Installer shall produce shop drawings showing proposed placement of panels and seams prior to installation. These drawings shall be approved by the engineer prior to installation. 2. Field seams shall be differentiated from factory seams. 3. Seams shall be numbered on an accepted plan and include dimensions. 4. Slope seams shall be run as close to the line of the slope as possible. 5. Penetrations and irregular configurations shall be detailed and submitted to the Engineer for approval prior to installation. B. Record Drawings: 1. The Installer shall provide final record drawings to reflect any changes from proposed layout. 2. Record drawings shall include the identification and location of all patches, repairs and detail work, including the location and identification of areas chosen for destructive test sampling. 3. The record drawings shall show the final panel serial numbers and tabulate the panel numbers with their source rolls. 4. Textured HDPE will be depicted differently from smooth HDPE. 5. Within ten (10) working days from the completion of the geomembrane installation, the Installer shall provide the Engineer with a draft of the record drawings for review and approval. 6. Upon acceptance of the record drawings by the Engineer, the installer shall provide the required number of paper copies and one mylar (suitable for reproduction) to the Engineer, as well as electronic files in AutoCAD format. 7. Record drawings shall be neat, clean and legible, conforming to recognized industry standards, in accordance with Section SUMPS AND PENETRATIONS A. The geomembrane shall be installed around any pipes, concrete structures or other penetrations through the geomembrane in accordance with the details shown on the Contract Drawings and the approved shop drawings. Prior to the start of construction the Installer may provide, for the approval of the Owner and Engineer, alternative installation methods or details to successfully perform geomembrane termination. 13. All clamps, bolts, nuts, gaskets or other materials used to secure the geomembrane shall be compatible with and have a lifespan at least equal to that of the geomembrane. C. Care shall be taken to protect the underside of the geomembrane from damage due to settling at any underbeddmg to concrete transition. D. Extreme care shall be taken while welding around any penetration or similar structure since neither destructive nor nondestructive testing is likely to be possible in such areas. E. All seaming shall be performed by the Installer's Master Seamer and the operations shall be observed on a full time basis by the Engineer

3 C.T. MALE ASSOCIATES, F.C. F. Unless otherwise specified, boots and sleeves shall be installed only as a secondary means of securing the geomembrane to pipes or other penetrations. PART 4 QUALITY CONTROL 4.1 QUALITY CONTROL DURING MANUFACTURE A. The resin manufacturer shall provide certification showing the origin and identification of the raw materials used to manufacture the geomembrane. The resin manufacturer shall also provide certification of tests conducted verifying the material quality of each batch of resin produced. These tests per batch shall include at a minimum the following: 1. Density (ASTM D1505/D792 Method B). 2. Melt Flow Index (ASTM D1238). 3. Oxidative Induction Time (ASTM D3895). B. Geomembrane Manufacture: 1. The geomembrane manufacturer shall provide certification and results of all quality control testing conducted during manufacture of the geomembrane. These tests shall include at a minimum the following: Test Method Thickness (ASTM D5994) Asperity Height (GRI GM 12) Sheet Density (ASTM D15051D792 Method B) Oxidative Induction Time (ASTM D3895) Carbon Black Content (ASTM D1603) Carbon Black Dispersion (ASTM D5596) 2 % Modulus (ASTM D5323) Axy-Symetric Break Strain (ASTM D5617) Tensile Strength (ASTM D6693) Tear Resistance/Strength (ASTM D1004) Puncture Resistance (ASTM D4833) Minimum Frequency 1 per roll 1 per roll 1 per 200,000 lbs I per 200,000 lbs 1 per 20,000 lbs 1 per 45,000 lbs 1 per each formulation I per each formulation 1 per 20,000 lbs 1 per 45,000 lbs 1 per 45,000 lbs 2. The geomembrane manufacturer shall certify that the geomembrane was continuously inspected for uniformity, damage, imperfections, cracks, thin spots, foreign materials, tears, punctures, and blisters. Any imperfections shall be immediately repaired and reinspected. 3. The geomembrane manufacturer shall certify that nondestructive seam testing has been performed along the entire length of all factory seams by a method acceptable to the Engineer. 4. The geomembrane manufacturer shall certify that a minimum of two destructive seam samples were taken from every sheet containing factory seams. The samples shall be taken at each end of the sheet and must not alter the sheet geometry. The samples shall be tested for peel adhesion and seam shear strength and the manufacturer shall certify that the factory seams meet the minimum values shown in Paragraph 2.1.B of this specification. If a sample fails, the entire length of the seam shall be repaired or reconstructed and then retested using methods acceptable to the Engineer. C. Rolls not satisfying the specifications shall be rejected. The Manufacturer shall provide certification of testing as described in Paragraph 1.5, Submittals. 4.2 FIELD CONFORMANCE TESTING A. One sample for every 100,000 SF of geomembrane delivered and installed shall be field cut and sent to an approved independent testing laboratory for field conformance testing. B. The following filed conformance testing shall be performed on each sample: I. Thickness by ASTM D

4 2. Tensile properties (including tensile strength at yield, tensile strength at break, elongation at yield and elongation at break) by ASTM D QUALITY CONTROL DURING INSTALLATION A. Quality Control Personnel: 1. The Installer shall provide a dedicated quality control technician during any time that geomembrane work is underway. 2. The quality control technician shall work with the Engineer and the Contractor Quality Control (CQC) system manager to ensure proper installation of the geomembrane. 3. The Installer's QC technician shall be responsible for the following items: a. Performance and documentation of all test seams. b. Performance/supervision and documentation of all vacuum box and air pressure testing. c. Cutting, documenting and handling of all destructive testing of field seams as directed by the Engineer. d. Maintenance of accurate records showing each day's work and panel placement. e. Numbering and recording of all repairs. f Recording and marking of all panel and roll numbers. g. Subgrade acceptance prior to panel placement. h. Any other pertinent duties as requested by the Engineer or CQC system manager. B. Site Test Equipment: The Installer shall maintain on site, in good working order, the following items. 1. Field Tensiometer a. The tensiometer shall be motor driven and have jaws capable of traveling at a measured rate of 2 inches/min. b. The tensiometer shall be equipped with a gauge which measures the force in unit pounds exerted between the jaws. 2. Vacuum Box a. The vacuum box shall consist of a rigid housing with a transparent viewing window on top and a soft, closed-cell neoprene gasket attached to the bottom of the housing. b. The housing shall be equipped with a bleed valve. c. A separate vacuum source shall be connected to the vacuum box such that a negative pressure can be created and maintained inside the box. d. A solution consisting of soap and water shall be dispensed on the seam immediately ahead of the vacuum box. 3. Air Pressure Test Equipment: This method shall apply only when the split hot wedge seaming method is used. a. Equipment shall consist of an air pump capable of generating and maintaining a positive pressure of between 20 and 30 psi. b. A manometer capable of reading up to 30 psi attached to a needle or nipple shall be used to pressurize the air channel in the seam. 4. Alternatives shall be submitted for approval to the Engineer. All testing methods shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval prior to commencement of testing. C. Non-Destructive Testing: 1. Test Seams a. Test seams shall be made to verify that adequate conditions exist for field seaming to proceed. b. Each seamer shall produce a test seam at the beginning of each 4 hour shift. c. If a seaming operation has been suspended for more than 4 hours or if a breakdown of the seaming equipment occurs, a test seam shall be produced prior to resumption of seaming operations. d. Every time that the seamer or seaming equipment changes, a new test seam shall be produced. e. Additional test seams will be required when significant changes in geomembrane temperature are observed or when seaming problems such as burn-through is observed

5 2. Test seams shall be made in the field on pieces of the approved membrane. Each test seam shall be at least 4 feet long by 1 foot wide and with sufficient overlap for peel testing in the field tensiometer. 3. Four samples, each one inch wide, will be taken from the center third of the test seam. The samples shall be cut using an approved template. The samples shall be tested in an approved field tensiometer with a jaw speed of 2 inches/minute. Two samples shall be tested for peel adhesion and two samples shall be tested for seam shear strength. a. Samples tested for peel adhesion shall exhibit a film tear bond (FTB) as described in GRI GM 19 and have minimum seam peel strength of 78 PPI. Both samples must pass, and fusion welds shall be tested on both sides of the seam. b. Samples tested for seam shear strength shall exhibit FTB as described in GM GM 19 and have minimum seam strength of 120 PPI. Both samples must pass to exhibit a passing test seam. 4. If the seam fails to pass, the seaming apparatus shall not be used for field seaming until any deficiencies have been corrected. This shall be verified by the production and successful testing of two consecutive test seams. 5. Vacuum Testing a. All extrusion welded and solid fusion welded seams shall be evaluated using vacuum box testing. The following procedure shall be used: (1) The sudsy solution shall be applied to the test section and the vacuum box placed over the section. The bleed valve is then closed and the vacuum valve opened. (2) Once a tight seal has been established, the test section shall be visually examined for a period of not less than 10 seconds to determine whether bubbling of the soapy solution is occurring. (3) The vacuum box is then moved and the process is repeated on the next adjacent section. A minimum 3 inch overlap shall be provided between all test sections. (4) All locations where bubbling of the sudsy solution was observed shall be clearly marked for repairs with a high visibility marker and recorded by number on field test reports. b. Any failed portion of seam shall be repaired in accordance with Paragraphs 3.3 and 3.4 and retested. 6. Air Pressure Testing shall be performed in accordance with GRI GM 6, Pressurized Air Channel Test for Dual Seamed Geomembranes. 7. All holes created during air pressure testing shall be sealed on completion of the test and vacuum tested. 8. All seams shall be non-destructive tested by the Installer over their full length to verify the integrity of the seam. a. Non-destructive testing shall be performed concurrently with field seaming. b. Prefabricated field seams which will be inaccessible after installation, such as those under structures or fastened to penetrations, shall be tested prior to final installation. c. All non-destructive testing shall be documented by the installer's QC technician. 9. A double boot shall be constructed as shown on the Contract Drawings, for all pipe penetrations. Boot integrity shall be verified by ammonia gas colorimetric testing, conducted in accordance with ASTM E All non-destructive testing shall be observed by the Engineer. D. Destructive Testing: 1. Prior to placement, a fmgerprint sample shall be taken for each lot number of geomembrane material used at the site. This sample shall be nominally 12" x 15" and indelibly marked with the manufacturer's name, lot number and date sampled. The fingerprint samples shall be turned over to the Engineer for archived storage. 2. Destructive testing of field seams shall be performed at locations randomly selected and marked by the Engineer, after the welding of the seams. Test samples shall be taken at a rate of one test sample per seaming machine per day; and one sample per 500 linear feet (or fraction thereof) of seam, per seamer, per day. a. Sample locations shall be determined by the Engineer with consideration to the difficulty of subsequent repair and testing of the test site

6 I C.T. MALE ASSOCIATES, P.C. b. The Installer shall not be informed in advance of the locations where the seam samples are to be taken. 3. The Engineer may increase the amount of destructive testing based on the results of previous testing. a. Additional samples may also be required when the Owner or Engineer have reason to suspect the presence of excess crystallinity, contamination, faulty seaming or any other reason affecting seam quality. 4. The test sample shall measure approximately 12 inches wide by 50 inches long with seam centered lengthwise along the sample. a. Two one inch wide sample strips shall be cut using an approved template from either end of the sample. b. These strips shall be tested by the Installer in the field tensiometer in both peel and shear in accordance with Paragraph 4.3.C.3. c. The remainder of the sample shall be cut into three 15 inch lengths. d. One sample shall be sent by the Installer for independent laboratory testing, one shall be kept by the Installer for his own records or testing, and one shall be given to the Engineer for Owner's permanent records. The work done by the independent laboratory shall be paid for by the Contractor and the laboratory shall be approved by the Engineer. 5. Laboratory Testing a. The Contractor shall forward destructive seam test samples to an independent laboratory approved by the Engineer. The laboratory shall adhere to Section of these specifications. b. The testing lab shall cut 10 one inch wide strips from each sample and test as follows: (1) Five of the strips shall be tested for peel adhesion per ASTM D6392. Fusion seams shall be tested for peel adhesion on both sides of the weld. In order for a test strip to be deemed acceptable, it must exhibit a film tear bond (FTB) as described in GRI GM 19 and produce minimum seam peel strength of 78 PPI. A passing peel adhesion test is exhibited by a minimum of 4 out of 5 passing test strips. (2) Five of the test strips shall be tested for seam shear strength by ASTM D6392. The minimum acceptable seam shear strength shall be 120 PPI and the seam must exhibit FTB as described in GRI GM 19. A passing seam shear strength test will be exhibited by a minimum of 4 out of 5 passing test strips. c. The results of laboratory testing shall be made available to the Engineer not more than 48 hours after receipt of the samples by the laboratory. The Engineer shall receive six copies of all laboratory test results. 6. Samples shall be cut by the Installer under the direction of the Engineer, indelibly numbered and identified, and the location recorded by the QC technician. 7. The area from which the destructive test sample was taken shall be repaired without delay in accordance with the procedures given in Paragraphs 3.3 and 3.4 and shall be non-destructively tested in accordance with Paragraph 4.2.C. E. Inspection and Acceptance: 1. As the work progresses, the Engineer shall mark all locations requiring repair work and verify all repairs have been successfully made by the Installer. 2. A field seam shall only be considered acceptable when bounded by two destructive test locations which have passed laboratory testing and acceptable non-destructive testing. The following procedures shall apply in the event that a seam fails laboratory testing. a. The Installer may reconstruct the seam between the previous passing test location and the next passing test location and retest, or b. The Installer may elect to trace the extent of an unacceptable seam to some intermediate location. This shall involve taking 1 inch template-cut cross-sections from these seams at a minimum distance of 10 feet in both d irections from the failed test location. (I) These samples shall be tested in the field tensiometer in both shear and peel in accordance with Paragraph 4.3.C.3. (2) If one or both of these samples fail the field test tracing along the seam shall continue at a minimum 10 foot increments until a passing result is recorded in both

7 C.T. MALE ASSOCIATES, RC. directions from the failed test location. At these locations large samples shall be cut for laboratory testing in accordance with Paragraph 4.3.D.5. (3) If laboratory testing shows the seam to be unacceptable, the Installer shall further trace the unacceptable seam until acceptable test results are recorded in both directions. c. If more than one field seaming unit is employed, tracing of a failed weld shall only be done along seams welded by the same equipment used to weld the seam in question. 3. Reconstructed seams less than 150 feet in length shall be non-destructively tested in accordance with Paragraph 4.3.C. Reconstructed seams greater than 150 feet in length shall be destructively tested in accordance with Paragraph 4.3.D. 4. The entire geomembrane surface shall be examined by the Engineer to confirm that it is free of any defects, holes, blisters, undispersed raw materials, or contamination by foreign matter. 5. The geomembrane surface shall be cleaned by the Installer, if required, so that it is free of dust, mud, debris or any other material which may inhibit a thorough examination of the surface. 6. Any suspect areas shall be clearly marked by the Engineer and non-destructively tested in accordance with Paragraph 4.3.C. PART 5 COMPLETION OF WORK 5.1 REQUIREMENTS A. All required deployment, seaming, repairs, testing and site clean up shall be completed by the Installer. B. Installer must submit record drawings in accordance with Paragraph 3.5.B. C. Installer must submit a quality control record manual, which will be included in the project's construction certification report. The quality control record manual shall include the following documents: 1. Daily reports kept by QC technician. 2. Records of panel placement. 3. Records of all daily test seams. 4. Records of all manufacturer certifications. 5. Records of all repairs. 6. Records of all non-destructive testing. 7. Records of all destructive seam testing. D. The Engineer is satisfied that the geomembrane has been installed in accordance with the above specifications. E. Installer shall dispose of all trash, waste, material and equipment used in connection with the work and shall leave the premises in an acceptable condition. END OF SECTION

8

9 SECTION SYNTHETIC MEMBRANE - FLEXIBLE REINFORCED POLYPROPYLENE PART 1 GENERAL 1.1 WORK INCLUDED A. These specifications describe the manufacture, supply and installation of 45 mil reinforced flexible polypropylene (FPP-R) geomembrane liner. All procedures, operations and methods shall be in strict accordance with specifications and Contract Drawings. B. Proposed alterations shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval. C. The liner shall be installed to the grades, configurations and limits shown on the Contract Drawings. 1.2 RELATED SECTIONS A. Section Quality Control. B. Section Contractor Furnished Testing Laboratory Services. C. Section Direct Shear Testing. D. Section Construction Surveying Requirements. E. Section Geocomposite Drainage Layer. 1.3 REFERENCES A. ASTM D751 - Standard Test Methods for Coated Fabrics. B. ASTM D Standard Test Method for Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) of Plastic Film and Sheeting. C. ASTM D Standard Test Method for Carbon Black Content in Olefin Plastics. D. ASTM D Standard Test Method for Coated Fabrics - Low Temperature Bend Test. E. ASTM D Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbon Black Content in Polyethylene Compounds by the Muffle-Furnace Technique. F. ASTM D Standard Terminolgy for Geosynthetics. G. ASTM D Standard Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of Geotextiles, Geomembranes and Related Products. H. ASTM D Guide for Identification, Storage and Handling of Geosynthetics. I. ASTM D Standard Test Method for Measuring Nominal Thickness of Geotextiles and Geomembranes. J. ASTM D Standard Test Method for Measuring Mass per Unit Area of Geotextile. K. ASTM D Standard Practice for Determination of 2% Secant Modulus for Polyethylene Geomembranes

10 L. ASTM D Standard Practice for Thermoplastic Elastomers - Terminology and Abbreviations. M. ASTM D Standard Test Method for Multi-Axial Tensile Test for Geosynthetics. N. ASTM D Standard Test Method for Determining the Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes. O. ASTM D Determination of Ply Adhesion Strength of Reinforced Geomembranes. P. ASTM D Standard Test Method for Grab Tensile Properties of Reinforced Geomembranes. Q. GRI GM 16 - Standard Test Method for Observation of Surface Cracking of Geomembranes. R. GRI GM 18 - Test Methods, Test Properties and Testing Frequencies for Flexible Polypropylene Geomembranes. S. GRI GM 23 - Standard Test Method for Observation of Surface Chalking of Geomembranes. 1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE A. Codes and Standards: Perform all work in compliance with applicable requirements of governing authorities having jurisdiction. B. Manufacturer: The Manufacturer and/or Fabricator of the geomembrane sheet must be approved by the Engineer and have satisfactory experience in extruding or fabricating FPP-R materials and a reputation for producing a high quality product. C. Installer 1. Experience: The Installer must document a minimum of 50 acres of successfully installed polypropylene geomembrane experience. Additionally, the Installer must document either: a. At least five years continuous experience in the installation of FPP-R geomembrane. b. At least ten successfully completed FPP-R geomembrane installation projects. 2. Installation shall be performed under the d irection of a single installation supervisor. a. Installation supervisor shall be on site and in responsible charge throughout the liner installation, including subgrade acceptance, liner layout, seaming, testing and repairs, and all other activities contracted for with the Installer. b. The installation supervisor shall have supervised the installation of at least 50 acres of polypropylene geomembrane over a minimum of five projects. c. The installation supervisor shall d irect the seaming to be performed under the direction of a master seamer. d. The master seamer shall have a minimum of 25 acres polypropylene geomembrane seaming experience using the same type of seaming apparatus as that specified in this project. e. Either the installation supervisor or the master seamer shall be on site whenever seaming is being performed. 3. The Installer shall be approved by the Manufacturer. 1.5 SUBMITTALS A. Prior to delivery of the geomembrane to the job site, the Installer shall submit the following to the Engineer for approval. 1. The Manufacturer's and/or Fabricator's name and experience required by Paragraph 1.4.B, and the Installer's name and experience required by Paragraph 1.4.C. 2. Written certification that the product delivered was extruded from the specified resin. 3. Quality control certificates and laboratory test reports for each batch of resin and each shift's production of geomembrane, which shall follow the quality control testing program as described in Part 4.1, Quality Control during Manufacture

11 4. Quality control certificates shall be signed by responsible parties with legal authority employed by the Manufacturer. 5. No geomembrane will be permitted to be installed until the Engineer has in his/her possession such certification. 6. Samples of FPP-R membrane material and field seams for visual inspection and testing. 7. Shop drawings showing the following: a. Proposed layout of the FPP-R membrane system which minimizes seams. b. Details of jointing the FPP-R membrane, anchoring, penetrations, pipe boots, repair, methods of sealing to other structures, provision for thermal expansion and contraction and other construction details. 8. Certificates of compliance with the requirements of standards specified herein for the FPP-R geomembrane and its installation. 9. Installation and erection data, filed and laboratory test methods, and schedule. 10. Maintenance and repair requirements. 11. Manufacturer's standard guarantee. 12. Direct shear test data must be submitted to determine interface friction angles between geosynthetics and the proposed soil materials they will contact. Refer to paragraph 2.1.B of this section and Section for interface friction angle requirements. B. Contractor shall submit data pertinent to the testing laboratory as required in Section C. Roll Identification: 1. Each roll shall have permanently affixed the following information: a. Name of manufacturer. b. Date of manufacture. c. Thickness of the material. d. Roll number. e. Roll length. f. Roll width. g. Lot number. D. Installer's written certification that the surface to be lined is acceptable. E. Field conformance laboratory test reports in accordance with Part 4, Quality Control. F. Non-destructive field test reports in accordance with Part 4, Quality Control. G. Destructive field test reports and laboratory test reports in accordance with Part 4, Quality Control. H. Material warranty and guarantee. I. Record Drawings. J. Quality Control Record Manual. 1.6 MATERIAL WARRANTY A. The FPP-R membrane manufacturer shall warrant the membrane against manufacturing defects and material degradation in the outdoor exposure for a period of two years from the date of installation. The manufacturer shall replace at no expense to the Owner any material, which fails from the above causes within the warranty period. The manufacturer shall furnish the Owner with a written warranty covering the requirements of this paragraph. 1.7 GUARANTEE A. The Contractor shall guarantee the FPP-R membrane against defects in installation and workmanship for the period of two years commencing with the date of final acceptance. The guarantee shall include

12 n C.T. MALE ASSOCIATES, P.C. the services of qualified service technicians or other labor plus equipment and all materials required for the repairs at no expense to the Owner. PART 2 PRODUCTS 2.1 MATERIALS A. General Properties: 1. The geomembrane shall be manufactured from new, first quality polypropylene resin of the type specified in this specification. 2. Polypropylene geomembrane shall meet all requirements for the specified end use. 3. Reclaimed polymer shall not be added to the resin except the polymer recycled during the manufacturing process. Recycled polymer shall not exceed 2% by weight. 4. All geomembrane shall have a textured finish on both sides, except the pipe boots shall be smooth finish. 5. Acceptable manufacturers include, but are not limited to, Carlisle SynTec, Inc., Carlisle, PA. B. The textured sheet 45 mil FPP-R geomembrane shall demonstrate the following typical properties: PROPERTY TEST Thickness ASTM D Mass per Unit Area ASTM D5261 Carbon Black Content (black FPP-R) ASTM D4218 or D1603 Low Temperature Flexibility ASTM D2136 (118 in mandrel for 4 hrs) Ply Adhesion ASTM D 6636 Tensile Strength - Grab (12 in/min) ASTM D7004 Tensile Elongation - Grab (12 in/min) ASTM D7004 Tear Resistance/Strength (12 in/min) ASTM D5884 Puncture Resistance ASTM D4833 Surface Cracking-after 20,000 light hrs GM 16 Surface Chalking-after 20,000 light hrs GM 23 Interface Friction Seam Shear Strength Seam Peel Strength *ASTM D5321 ASTM D4437 ASTM D1876 VALUE 45 mil minimum average (40 mil lowest single reading) 0.18 lb/sf (min. average) 2-3 % -40 degrees 15 lb. (min. average) 250 lb/in (min. average) 22 % (min. average) 55 lb (min. average) 85 lb (min. average) none minor Report Angles (peak and residual) 30 lbf/in (minimum) 60 lbf/in (typical) * To be performed on actual chosen liner components by the General Contractor. Refer to Section C. The geomembrane shall be produced as to be free of holes, blisters, undispersed raw materials, or any sign of contamination by foreign matter, and shall not have striations, roughness, pinholes or bubbles on the surface. D. Transportation: Transportation shall be the responsibility of the Manufacturer unless otherwise specified in the contract. Any damaged or unacceptable material shall be replaced at no cost to the Owner. E. Storage: 1. Storage of the geomembrane shall be the responsibility of the Installer. 2. During storage, geomembrane rolls shall be elevated off the ground and adequately covered to protect them from site construction damage, extended exposure to ultraviolet radiation,

13 precipitation, chemicals that are strong acids or strong bases, flames, sparks, excess temperatures and any other environmental condition that might damage the geomembrane. 3. Geomembrane shall be stored to avoid deformation of rolled goods or contamination from foreign substances. a. Appropriate handling equipment shall be used when moving rolled goods from one place to another. b. Any damage caused by the Installer shall be repaired at no expense to the Owner. F. Labels on the roll shall identify the manufacturer's name, date of manufacture, thickness, length, width and manufacturer's roll number. G. Other Materials: All welding material shall be of a type recommended and supplied by the Manufacturer and shall be delivered in the original sealed containers - each with an indelible label bearing the brand name, manufacturer's mark number and complete directions as to proper storage. PART 3 EXECUTION 3.1 INSTALLATION A. The FPP-R membrane material shall be cleaned of all debris and materials which may negatively affect the performance of the system. B. Each panel of the FPP-R membrane shall be laid out and installed in accordance with the approved shop drawings prepared by the Contractor. The layout shall be designed to keep field joining of the FPP-R membrane to a minimum. C. The FPP-R membrane shall be installed by crews experienced in making lining installation. D. The liner Installer shall be solely responsible for ensuring the liner is placed with sufficient material to accommodate thermal contraction under temperature conditions which range from 100 F to -30 F, with the liner fully exposed to the environment. E. Bridging of the liner at any change in grade or at penetrations will not be accepted under any conditions. F. Longitudinal seams may not be placed along the high point or low point of the saw tooth grade. G. FPP-R geomembrane shall be covered by the next design layer within seven (7) days. Sandbags or equivalent shall be used during installation of the geomembrane to provide resistance against wind uplift, and shall remain in place until the geomembrane is covered. H. Immediately upon its placement, each panel shall be indelibly marked with its panel number and the serial number of the roll from which it was cut. I. No vehicular traffic of any type, including low ground pressure ATV's, will be permitted directly on geomembrane. 3.2 SEAMING METHODS A. Approved process for seaming is fusion welding of all seams. 1. Extrusion welding may be allowed for repairs and around penetrations through the liner or as approved by the Engineer. 2. Proposed alternatives and locations must be submitted for approval to the Engineer. 3. Details of the specific apparatus to be used for seaming, including seaming using approved methods, shall be submitted for approval by the Engineer prior to commencement of any seaming

14 B. Fusion Process: A seam produced by self-propelled double wedge (split wedge) welding apparatus. 1. The apparatus shall be equipped with gauges to monitor weld temperature. 2. Weld temperature and machine speed shall be varied according to ambient conditions to maintain and demonstrate a consistent acceptable weld. 3. All welding surfaces shall be kept clean and dry. C. Extrusion Process: A seam produced by extruding molten resin between or at the edge of two overlapped sheets of geomembrane to affect a homogeneous bond. 1. The extrusion apparatus shall be equipped with gauges to monitor extrudate temperature. 2. Temperature and flow rate shall be varied according to ambient conditions to maintain and demonstrate a consistent acceptable weld. 3. The extruder shall be purged of all heat degraded or cooled extrudate prior to the commencement of each seaming sequence. 4. The extrudate rod shall be certified by the Manufacturer to be made of the same resin as the parent membrane, and certification supplied as in Paragraph 1.5, Submittals. 5. The weld area shall be prepared by sanding or grinding to a depth of less than inch into the sheet surface to be in contact with the extrudate. 6. The weld area shall be kept clean and dry. 7. Width of weld not to exceed bead by inch on each side. D. The Installer shall maintain at least one spare operable seaming unit on site at all times. 3.3 SEAMING PROCEDURES A. Where conditions warrant, the installer may use a temporary support surface between the geomembrane and the subgrade to achieve proper support. The Engineer shall direct the deposition of the support material on completion of seaming. B. Seaming shall be a continuous process with a minimum of interruption along any given seam. C. Prior to seaming, the geomembrane shall be overlapped a minimum of 4 to 6 inches for fusion welding. Procedures used to temporarily position or bond the rolls shall not result in damage to the geomembrane. D. Seams shall be aligned so as to create a smooth and wrinkle free surface in the overlap area. E. Extrusion Welding: 1. Installer shall determine when preheating is required and whether wind effects may be deleterious to extrusion seaming operations. 2. Artificially induced cooling of extrudate welds, by water or any other means, shall not be allowed. Care shall be taken during vacuum testing that extruded welds being vacuum tested are at ambient temperature. F. Cross Seams: The top and bottom excess overlap shall be removed and the top and bottom edge of the cross-seam shall be ground to a smooth transition prior to seaming. G. No seaming shall be attempted in wet weather where the geomembrane is exposed to the elements. H. Seam overlaps shall be shingle lapped downslope. I. Where possible, low areas shall be patched, tested and inspected first. J. All patches shall have rounded corners, shall consist of the approved geomembrane material and shall extend beyond the edge of any defect a minimum of 4 inches in all directions

15 K. All seams shall be indelibly labeled on the geomembrane with the following information (Installer will keep accurate records of this information): 1. Machine identification number. 2. Seam number in sequence of installation. 3. Direction of travel of seaming equipment. 4. Name of person welding seam. 5. Date and time of start. L. No "fish mouths" shall be allowed within the seam area. Where "fish mouths" occur, the material shall be cut and overlapped until smooth. An overlap extrusion welded patch shall be applied. M. Any membrane area showing injury due to excessive scuffing, puncture, or distress from any cause shall be replaced or repaired with an additional piece of FPP-R membrane. N. No seaming shall be permitted when the ambient, or geomembrane, temperature is below 32 F or above 104 F or when the winds are in excess of 20 mph. O. Each repair to the geomembrane will be serial numbered by the Installer. The Installer will keep accurate records showing the following for each repair: 1. Location of Repair. 2. Description of damage. 3. Date and type of repair. 4. Date of vacuum box testing. 3.4 PANEL LAYOUT DRAWINGS A. Proposed (Shop Drawings): 1. The Installer shall produce shop drawings showing proposed placement of panels and seams prior to installation. These drawings shall be approved by the engineer prior to installation. 2. Field seams shall be differentiated from factory seams. 3. Seams shall be numbered on an accepted plan and include dimensions. 4. Slope seams shall be run as close to the line of the slope as possible. 5. Penetrations and irregular configurations shall be detailed and submitted to the Engineer for approval prior to installation. B. Record Drawings: 1. The Installer shall provide final record drawings to reflect any changes from proposed layout. 2. Record drawings shall include the identification and location of all patches, repairs and detail work, including the location and identification of areas chosen for destructive test sampling. 3. The record drawings shall show the final panel serial numbers and tabulate the panel numbers with their source rolls. 4. Textured FPP-R will be depicted differently from smooth FPP-R. 5. Within ten (10) working days from the completion of the geomembrane installation, the Installer shall provide the Engineer with a draft of the record drawings for review and approval. 6. Upon acceptance of the record drawings by the Engineer, the installer shall provide the required number of paper copies and one mylar (suitable for reproduction) to the Engineer, as well as electronic files in AutoCAD format. 7. Record drawings shall be neat, clean and legible, conforming to recognized industry standards, in accordance with Section SUMPS AND PENETRATIONS A. The geomembrane shall be installed around any pipes, concrete structures or other penetrations through the geomembrane in accordance with the details shown on the Contract Drawings and the approved shop drawings. Prior to the start of construction the Installer may provide, for the approval of the Owner and Engineer, alternative installation methods or details to successfully perform geomembrane termination

16 B. All clamps, bolts, nuts, gaskets or other materials used to secure the geomembrane shall be compatible with and have a lifespan at least equal to that of the geomembrane. C. Care shall be taken to protect the underside of the geomembrane from damage due to settling at any underbedding to concrete transition. D. Extreme care shall be taken while welding around any penetration or similar structure since neither destructive nor nondestructive testing is likely to be possible in such areas. E. All seaming shall be performed by the Installer's Master Seamer and the operations shall be observed on a full time basis by the Engineer. F. Unless otherwise specified, boots and sleeves shall be installed only as a secondary means of securing the geomembrane to pipes or other penetrations. PART 4 QUALITY CONTROL 4.1 QUALITY CONTROL DURING MANUFACTURE A. The resin manufacturer shall provide certification showing the origin and identification of the raw materials used to manufacture the geomembrane. The resin manufacturer shall also provide certification of tests conducted verifying the material quality of each batch of resin produced. These tests per batch shall include at a minimum the following: 1. Mass per Unit Area (ASTM D 5261). 2. Thickness (ASTM D5199) 3. Tensile Properties (ASTM D 7004) B. Geomembrane Manufacture: 1. The geomembrane manufacturer shall provide certification and results of all quality control testing conducted during manufacture of the geomembrane. These tests shall include at a minimum the following: Test Method Thickness (ASTM D5199) Mass per Unit Area (ASTM D5261) Carbon Black Content (ASTM D4218) Low temperature Flexibility (ASTM D2136) Ply Adhesion (ASTM D6636) Tensile Strength (ASTM D 7004) Tensile Elongation (ASTM D7004 Tear Resistance/Strength (ASTM D5884) Puncture Resistance (ASTM D4833) Surface Cracking (GM 16) Surface Chalking (GM23) Minimum Frequency 1 per roll 1 per 15,000 lbs 1 per 45,000 lbs 1 per each formulation 1 per 15,000 lbs 1 per 15,000 lbs 1 per 15,000 lbs I per 15,000 lbs 1 per 45,000 lbs 1 per formulaion 1 per formulation 2. The geomembrane manufacturer shall certify that the geomembrane was continuously inspected for uniformity, damage, imperfections, cracks, thin spots, foreign materials, tears, punctures, and blisters. Any imperfections shall be immediately repaired and reinspected. 3. The geomembrane manufacturer shall certify that nondestructive seam testing has been performed along the entire length of all factory seams by a method acceptable to the Engineer. 4. The geomembrane manufacturer shall certify that a minimum of two destructive seam samples were taken from every sheet containing factory seams. The samples shall be taken at each end of the sheet and must not alter the sheet geometry. The samples shall be tested for peel adhesion and seam shear strength and the manufacturer shall certify that the factory seams meet the

17 minimum values shown in Paragraph 2.1.B of this specification. If a sample fails, the entire length of the seam shall be repaired or reconstructed and then retested using methods acceptable to the Engineer. C. Rolls not satisfying the specifications shall be rejected. The Manufacturer shall provide certification of testing as described in Paragraph 1.5, Submittals. 4.2 FIELD CONFORMANCE TESTING A. One sample for every 100,000 SF of geomembrane delivered and installed shall be field cut and sent to an approved independent testing laboratory for field conformance testing. B. The following filed conformance testing shall be performed on each sample: 1. Thickness by ASTM D Tensile properties (including tensile strength at yield, tensile strength at break, elongation at yield and elongation at break) by ASTM D QUALITY CONTROL DURING INSTALLATION A. Quality Control Personnel: The Installer shall provide a dedicated quality control technician during any time that geomembrane work is underway. 2. The quality control technician shall work with the Engineer and the Contractor Quality Control (CQC) system manager to ensure proper installation of the geomembrane. 3. The Installer's QC technician shall be responsible for the following items: a. Performance and documentation of all test seams, b. Performance/supervision and documentation of all vacuum box and air pressure testing, c. Cutting, documenting and handling of all destructive testing of field seams as d irected by the Engineer. d. Maintenance of accurate records showing each day's work and panel placement. e. Numbering and recording of all repairs. f. Recording and marking of all panel and roll numbers. g. Subgrade acceptance prior to panel placement. h. Any other pertinent duties as requested by the Engineer or CQC system manager. B. Site Test Equipment: The Installer shall maintain on site, in good working order, the following items. 1. Field Tensiometer a. The tensiometer shall be motor driven and have jaws capable of traveling at a measured rate of 2 inches/min. b. The tensiometer shall be equipped with a gauge which measures the force in unit pounds exerted between the jaws. 2. Vacuum Box a. The vacuum box shall consist of a rigid housing with a transparent viewing window on top and a soft, closed-cell neoprene gasket attached to the bottom of the housing. b. The housing shall be equipped with a bleed valve. c. A separate vacuum source shall be connected to the vacuum box such that a negative pressure can be created and maintained inside the box. d. A solution consisting of soap and water shall be dispensed on the seam immediately ahead of the vacuum box. 3. Air Pressure Test Equipment: This method shall apply only when the split hot wedge seaming method is used. a. Equipment shall consist of an air pump capable of generating and maintaining a positive pressure of between 20 and 30 psi. b. A manometer capable of reading up to 30 psi attached to a needle or nipple shall be used to pressurize the air channel in the seam. 4. Alternatives shall be submitted for approval to the Engineer. All testing methods shall be submitted to the Engineer for approval prior to commencement of testing

18 C. Non-Destructive Testing: Test Seams a. Test seams shall be made to verify that adequate conditions exist for field seaming to proceed. b. Each seamer shall produce a test seam at the beginning of each 4 hour shift. c. If a seaming operation has been suspended for more than 4 hours or if a breakdown of the seaming equipment occurs, a test seam shall be produced prior to resumption of seaming operations. d. Every time that the seamer or seaming equipment changes, a new test seam shall be produced. e. Additional test seams will be required when significant changes in geomembrane temperature are observed or when seaming problems such as burn-throughs are observed. 2. Test seams shall be made in the field on pieces of the approved membrane. Each test seam shall be at least 4 feet long by I foot wide and with sufficient overlap for peel testing in the field tensiometer. 3. Four samples, each one inch wide, will be taken from the center third of the test seam. The samples shall be cut using an approved template. The samples shall be tested in an approved field tensiometer with a jaw speed of 2 inches/minute. Two samples shall be tested for peel adhesion and two samples shall be tested for seam shear strength. a. Samples tested for peel adhesion shall exhibit a film tear bond (FTB) as described in ASTM D4437 and have typical seam peel strength of 60 lbf/in. Both samples must pass, and fusion welds shall be tested on both sides of the seam. b. Samples tested for seam shear strength shall exhibit FTB as described in ASTM D4437 and have a minimum seam strength of 30 lbf/in Both samples must pass to exhibit a passing test seam. 4. If the seam fails to pass, the seaming apparatus shall not be used for field seaming until any deficiencies have been corrected. This shall be verified by the production and successful testing of two consecutive test seams. 5. Vacuum Testing a. All extrusion welded and solid fusion welded seams shall be evaluated using vacuum box testing. The following procedure shall be used: (1) The sudsy solution shall be applied to the test section and the vacuum box placed over the section. The bleed valve is then closed and the vacuum valve opened. (2) Once a tight seal has been established, the test section shall be visually examined for a period of not less than 10 seconds to determine whether bubbling of the soapy solution is occurring. (3) The vacuum box is then moved and the process is repeated on the next adjacent section. A minimum 3 inch overlap shall be provided between all test sections. (4) All locations where bubbling of the sudsy solution was observed shall be clearly marked for repairs with a high visibility marker and recorded by number on field test reports. b. Any failed portion of seam shall be repaired in accordance with Paragraphs 3.3 and 3.4 and retested. 6. Air Pressure Testing shall be performed in accordance with GRI GM 6, Pressurized Air Channel Test for Dual Seamed Geomembranes. 7. All holes created during air pressure testing shall be sealed on completion of the test and vacuum tested. 8. All seams shall be non-destructive tested by the Installer over their full length to verify the integrity of the seam. a. Non-destructive testing shall be performed concurrently with field seaming. b. Prefabricated field seams which will be inaccessible after installation, such as those under structures or fastened to penetrations, shall be tested prior to final installation. c. All non-destructive testing shall be documented by the installer's QC technician. 9. A double boot shall be constructed as shown on the Contract Drawings, for all pipe penetrations. Boot integrity shall be verified by ammonia gas calorimetric testing, conducted in accordance with ASTM E I