A BRIEF STUDY ON THE BEHAVIOR OF PERMEABLE CONCRETE PAVEMENT ON ADDITION OF GRANULATED WASTE PLASTIC

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1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 10, Issue 02, February 2019, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_10_02_228 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed A BRIEF STUDY ON THE BEHAVIOR OF PERMEABLE CONCRETE PAVEMENT ON ADDITION OF GRANULATED WASTE PLASTIC Sahil Lone Student of M.E, Transportation Engineering, Chandigarh University, Punjab, India Dr. Amit Goel Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Punjab, India ABSTRACT Permeable concrete is an environmental friendly concrete used in pavement structures which reduces the water runoff and helps in maintaining the ground water level. The objective of this study is to scrutinize and inquire the change in engineering properties of permeable concrete by addition of granulated waste plastic. The waste plastic used in this permeable concrete mix is in the form of granules having size between 2 mm and 3 mm. These were added in different percentages 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% as a partial replacement to fine aggregates. Tests were conducted on fine aggregates, coarse aggregates, cement and modified mix (waste plastic mix permeable concrete) to investigate their physical strength, mechanical strength and the rate of infiltration of water. The testing included the tests for Loss angel s abrasion value, Impact value, Specific gravity and Water absorption for the aggregates, and fineness, consistency, compressive strength and permeability tests for the concrete. Concrete cubes were casted with different proportions of the materials and were tested after 7, 14, and 28 days for the strength. Cylindrical samples were also cast and were tested after 24 hours to determine the infiltration rate of the concrete. It was found that the compressive strength and permeability of permeable concrete starts decreasing significantly only after 25% replacement of fine aggregates by granulated waste plastic. For a 25% replacement, no significant decrease in strength or permeability was observed. Key words: Permeable concrete, Waste Plastic Granules, Compressive strength, Modifier, Permeability, Cubes, Cylindrical moulds. Cite this Article: Sahil Lone and Dr. Amit Goel, A Brief Study on the Behavior of Permeable Concrete Pavement on Addition of Granulated Waste Plastic, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology 10(2), 2019, pp editor@iaeme.com

2 Sahil Lone and Dr. Amit Goel 1. INTRODUCTION Permeable concrete or pervious concrete or porous concrete is a special type of concrete by which water gets passed or percolated (storm water or rain water) without water logging the pavement, thus making the pavement surface economic by reducing the runoff and helps in recharging the ground water level. In the present scenario, plastic is used everywhere by human beings for its beneficial, but due to its dangerous effects it is becoming a big threat to the environment. The disposal of waste plastic is severe problem in the present world. So to reduce the side effects of waste plastic, it is been used as an additive material in the permeable concrete. The waste plastic material used in this study is High Density Poly Ethylene (HDPE) having higher tensile strength and density. As per ASTM C1701, infiltration rate of a permeable concrete mix should be 3-8gal/ft 2 /min (288in/hr to 750 in/hr). Permeable concrete contains no or little fine aggregates, thus resulting in less bonding between the aggregates. The void content ranges from 15% to 25%, with water ratio from 0.26 to 0.45 and compressive strength ranges from 5MPa to 28MPa having density between 1600 kg/m 3 and 2000 kg/m 3. The main objective of this study is to use granulated waste plastic material to develop a waste plastic mix permeable concrete having desired compressive strength and enhanced permeability. 2. MATERIALS AND METHOD 2.1. Waste Plastic Waste plastic used for this study is HDPE (High Density Poly Ethylene) obtained by crushing and shredding pipes, milk jugs, detergent bottles in finer size ranging from 2 mm to 3 mm. Its properties are given in the Table 1. Table 1: Physical properties of HDPE S. No. Particulars Values 1 Specific gravity Density Tensile Strength N/mm 2 4 Melting point 126 C (Source: ACCU-TEX Sales and services, Chandigarh) 2.2. Cement The cement used for this study is Ordinary Portland Cement of 43 grade confirming to IS: After conducting a series of tests on OPC 43 grade cement, following calculation were drawn as given in Table 2. Table 2: Physical properties of OPC 43 grade S.No Particulars Values obtained IS: Specific gravity Initial setting time 33 min 30 min 3 Final setting time 182 min 600 min 4 Consistency 32% 30-35% 2.3. Aggregates Natural gravel of size ranging from 2.36 mm to 16 mmm was used. Tests were conducted on aggregates and its results are given in the table editor@iaeme.com

3 A Brief Study on the Behavior of Permeable Concrete Pavement on Addition of Granulated Waste Plastic Table 3: Physical properties of aggregates S.No. Particulars Values Permissible obtained values 1 Specific gravity Water absorption 1.81% % 3 Impact value 15.2% 30% 4 Abrasion value 34.8% 30-45% 2.4. Water The water used for casting of samples should be free from organic substances as it takes part in chemical reaction. Various trial mixes were casted in order to obtain a control mix as a reference mix for the entire study by varying water to cement ratio, cement to coarse aggregate ratio and finally the incorporation of sand in less percentage so as to achieve permissible values for permeability and compressive strength. 3. TESTS AND RESULTS Laboratory testing was conducted to check the permeability and compressive strength properties of the samples made by waste plastic mixed permeable concrete. The details of these tests and the results thereof are presented in this section Permeability Test For permeability testing, samples were casted in a cylindrical mould having 12 inch diameter and 8 inch height following ASTM C1701 (Figure 1a). Casting in the mould was done up to the height of 6 inch and the remaining 2 inches was kept for testing purpose. Two lines were marked on the inner side of the mould at 1cm and 1.5cm from the top surface of the concrete respectively (Figure 1b). Figure 1a Permeability mould. Figure 1b Lines marked at 1cm and 1.5cm. After 24 hours of casting, 1 gallon of water was poured in the concrete for prewetting and then 5 gallons of water was poured into it and the head of the water was maintained continuously between the two marked lines and the time was recorded. Various samples were casted with different proportions to attain the optimum permeability content. Further calculation was done by the formula: Where, I = infiltration rate (in/hr), K = constant (126870), M = mass of water (41.71 pounds), D = diameter of mould (12 ) And T = total time I = editor@iaeme.com

4 Sahil Lone and Dr. Amit Goel Different samples were casted with different proportions of aggregates and it was seen that the infiltration rate was higher when single sized aggregates were used and with the change in gradation of aggregates the infiltration rate started decreasing. P6 sample was taken as reference mix as its permeability was in the range as per ASTM C1701 (refer Table 4). Mix Table 4: Permeability of trial mix Replacement of Size of aggregate CA with % (mm) sand (2.36mm) C:CA w/c ratio I (in/hr) P : P2 20,16 0 1: P3 20, 16, 8 0 1: P4 16, 8 0 1: P5 16, 8, : P6 16, 8, 4.75, : Compressive Strength Test After permeability test, cubes (size: 150 mm 150 mm 150 mm) were casted with similar gradation for compressive strength test. It was seen that P6 mix was having higher compressive strength as compared to other trial mixes (see Table 5) and was selected as reference mix for further study and investigation. Results for compressive strength are given in Table 5. Mix Size of aggregate (mm) Table 5: Compressive strength of trial mix at 7, 14 and 28 days Replacement of CA with % sand (2.36mm) C:CA w/c ratio Compressive strength at 7 days (N/mm 2 ) Compressive strength at 14 days (N/mm 2 ) Compressive strength at 28 days (N/mm 2 ) P : P2 20, : P3 20, 16, 8 0 1: P4 16, 8 0 1: P5 16, 8, : P6 16, 8, 4.75, : After the casting of trial mix, P6 mix was selected as reference mix for optimum compressive strength and permeability. Fine aggregates were replaced by waste plastic granules with different percentage proportions: 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The results obtained are given in Figure 2 for compressive strength test and Figure 3 for permeability test. The 28 days compressive strength results obtained by laboratory testing (refer Figure 2) indicate that a 25% replacement of fine aggregates with HDPE waste plastic granules causes only about 2.5% decrease in the strength, which is not significant. A replacement up to 50% causes about 18% decrease in the 28 days compressive strength, which may still be used for the pavement structures where the traffic loading is lesser. The permeability values (refer Figure 3) up to 25-50% replacement of fine aggregates with HDPE waste plastic granules also remains almost the same (±2%). However, when replacement of fine aggregates is increased up to 75% to 100%, a significant decrease in compressive strength as well as permeability values was observed. It may be attributed to lesser bonding of materials with each other as shown in figure 2 and editor@iaeme.com

5 compressive strength (N/mm 2 ) permeability (in/hr) A Brief Study on the Behavior of Permeable Concrete Pavement on Addition of Granulated Waste Plastic % 25% 50% 75% 100% % of granulated waste plastic Figure 2: Variation of permeability of modified mix with % of waste plastic added % 25% 50% 75% 100% % of granulated waste plastic 7 days 14 days 28 days Figure 3: Variation of compressive strength of modified mix with % of waste plastic added 4. CONCLUSIONS Based on the experimental investigations for compressive strength and permeability values, the following observations are drawn: The compressive strength of permeable concrete starts decreasing significantly after 25% replacement of fine aggregates by granulated waste plastic. The rate of decrease increases after 50% replacement. The optimum replacement percentage of fine aggregates with granulated waste plastic may be taken as 25%. With the increase in water to cement ratio, the compressive strength of permeable waste plastic concrete increases. The permeability of permeable concrete starts decreasing significantly after 25% replacement of fine aggregates by granulated waste plastic. The rate of decrease increases after 50% replacement. Based on these observations, it may be concluded that the method and procedure given in this study may provide an alternative to dispose the waste plastic in an effective, economical and environmentally friendly way and save the environment editor@iaeme.com

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