Civil Buildings. Example of choices for the exposure ranges. Holcim (Romania) S.A.

Transcription

1 Civil Buildings Example of choices for the exposure ranges Holcim (Romania) S.A.

2 The amendment of the legislative framework for the concrete constructions (and not only), the increasing complexity of the projects and the diversification of the requirements for concrete depending on the type of application and the technology used require a closer collaboration among all the factors involved in a construction project (design and execution companies, building materials manufacturers). As a supplier of products and solutions for the construction works, Holcim Romania aims the development of information materials on various topics of interest such as the choice of the exposure ranges and of the type of cement for various types of works. By placing in a common framework the provisions of CP 012-1:2007 (Code of Practice for the Concrete Production) and of Eurocode 2 and also their illustration in examples of types of works, Holcim Romania facilitates the opening of a constructive dialogue regarding the requirements and performance criteria for the concrete. 2 3

3 Example of choices of the exposure ranges for a storied civil building The exposure ranges are established by the millwright. The examples given are indicative, cannot replace the provisions of the design and do not cover for all situations. The additional requirements to CP 012-1:2007 are given by specific technical regulations for certain types of works (e.g. hydro technical constructions, paving concrete etc.). EXPOSURE RANGE Corrosion induced by carbonation XC1 XC2 E N V I RO N M E NT D ESCR I P TI O N EXAMPLE XO No risk of corrosion or attack Leveling/ filling concrete C8/10 Dry or permanently moist Moist, rarely dry Concrete permanently submerged into water. Concrete inside usual buildings (including kitchens, bathrooms and laundry rooms of the residential buildings). Concrete surfaces in contact with water on the long term (for instance elements of the water tanks). A large number of foundations. MINIMUM CONCRETE CLASS XC4, XF3 (XC2, XF3) (unprotected terrace) A or c35/45, XC1,, XC1 (protected terrace), XC3 Moderated humidity Concrete inside buildings where the humidity of the environment is average or high (kitchens, bathrooms, professional laundry rooms other than those of the residential buildings). Concrete on the outside, but sheltered from bad weather conditions (elements to which the outside air has constant or frequent access, e.g. opened storage halls). C20/25 XC4 Moisture-dry alternation Surfaces exposed to water contact, but not included in the exposure range XC2 (exterior elements exposed to bad weather conditions). Frost - thaw XF1 Surfaces of moderately water saturated concrete, without Vertical concrete surfaces exposed to rain and frost. XC3, C20/25, XC4 XF1 (without protection), XC1 (with lining type protection) c16/20, XF2 XF3 Surfaces of moderately water saturated concrete, with thawing agents. Surfaces of strongly water saturated concrete, without Vertical concrete surfaces of road constructions exposed to frost and air currents that carry thaw agents. Surfaces of strongly water saturated concrete, without Horizontal concrete surfaces exposed to rain and frost. Roads and bridge decks exposed to with driven air with driven air XC3, C20/25, XC3 (with plastering type protection) c20/25, XF4 Surfaces of strongly water saturated concrete, with thawing agents. Vertical concrete surfaces exposed to frost and directly subject to thawing agents splashing. with driven air Marine surfaces structures exposed to frost and subject to thawing agents splashing. with driven air Headpiece beam XC1, c16/20, XC3 (in cases of average or high humidity environments) c20/25, XC3 XF1,, Corrosion induced by chlorides (others than those of the sea water) XD1 XD2 XD3 Corrosion induced by sea water XS1 Moderated humidity Moist, rarely dry Moisture-dry alternation Expose to atmospheric chlorides Concrete surfaces exposed to chlorides carried by the air currents (e.g. surfaces exposed to thawing agents of the roadway area, sprayed and transported by the air currents - garages, closed parking lots, etc.). Pools, tanks Concrete exposed to industrial waters containing chlorides Elements of bridges, retaining walls, exposed to splashing with water containing chlorides: roads, plates of the superposed car parking lots. Structures on or close to the beach (approx. 5 km from the shore). XS2 Permanently submerged Marine structures XS3 Splashing areas Marine structures XC3 XD1 XM1,, Chemical attack XA1 Slightly aggressive environment - XC2,, CEM II BM (S-LL) 32.5R XA2 XA3 Moderately aggressive environment Strongly aggressive environment - - Headpiece beam CEM II BM (S-V) 42.5N-LH (for the massive element) Mechanical stress by wear XC2 XA1,, Pile ø150 Pile ø150 Diaphragm wall 60 cm XC2, c16/20, XC2 XA1, c25/30, CEM II BM (S-V) 42.5N-Lh XM1 XM2 XM3 Moderated wear stress Intense wear stress Extremely intense wear stress of tires vehicles. of tires forklifts or with rubber wheel bands. of elastomeric/ metallic wheel bands forklifts or tracked vehicles. Table taken from CP 012-1:

4 Examples of combination of the exposure ranges The exposure ranges are established by the millwright. The examples given are indicative, cannot replace the provisions of the design and do not cover for all situations. The additional requirements to CP 012-1:2007 are given by specific technical regulations for certain types of works (e.g. hydro technical constructions, paving concrete etc.). EXAMPLES OF COMBINATION OF EXPOSURE RANGES DOMAINS CIVIL AND INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS HYDRO TECHNICAL BRIDGES AND/OR ROADS CIVIL AND INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS, HYDRO TECHNICAL ALL TYPES OF PLATFORMS EXPOSURE CONDITIONS (AVERAGE) ELEMENTS/ TYPES OF ELEMENTS Buried Interior (depending on the humidity) Exterior - Vertical elements of bridges and/or roads + Uncirculated horizontal elements Circulated horizontal elements Marine environment Chemical attack: - low - average - strong Abrasion: - low - average - strong EXAMPLES OF ELEMENTS EXPOSURE RANGES MINIMUM CONCRETE CLASS Foundations (most of the types) Pillars, walls, beams, slabs/ plates Pillars, walls, roof slab or terrace, platform Dams and the afferent works Piers, bridge abutments, retaining walls, bridge beams, gutters, etc. Bridge decks, concrete roads, airstrips, sidewalks, etc. Civil and industrial buildings, pillars, walls, roof slab or terrace, platform Hydro technical constructions: dams and the afferent works Waste treatment plants, certain tanks, some foundations, etching halls, etc. Industrial platforms, parking lots, ramps, etc. XC2 XC1, XC3 XC2, XF1 XC4, XF1 XC (1...4), XF3 XC4, XD2, XF2 (outside the splashing area) XC4, XD3, XF4 (inside the splashing area) (XC4), XM3 XD3, XF4 XC4, XS1, XF2 XS3, XF4 XA2, XC4 XA1 XA2 XA3 XM1 XM2 XM3 VALUES OF THE MINIMUM COVERAGE FOR THE REINFORCED CONCRETE CLADDING (MM) C20/25 with driven air with driven air with driven air with driven air with driven air EXPOSURE CLASS X0 XC1 XC2/XC3 XC4 XD1/XS1 XD2/XS2 XD3/XS3 DEPENDING ON THE STRUCTURAL CLASS VALUES OF THE MINIMUM COVERAGE FOR THE PRESTRESSED CONCRETE CLADDING (MM) EXPOSURE CLASS X0 XC1 XC2/XC3 XC4 XD1/XS1 XD2/XS2 XD3/XS3 DEPENDING ON THE STRUCTURAL CLASS Observations: - there will be taken into account all dispositions of SR EN the national appendix - the values intervals also include the execution deflection LIMIT VALUES FOR CHEMICAL ATTACK EXPOSURE CLASSES CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS REFERENCE TESTING METHODS Underground and surface waters XA1 XA2 XA3 Table taken from SR EN : 2008 SO 42 -, mg/l SR EN and and and 6000 ph ISO ,5 and 5,5 5,5 and 4,5 4,5 and 4,0 CO 2 AGGRESSIVE, mg/l EN and and until saturation NH 4+, mg/l SR ISO or SR ISO and and and 100 Mg 2+, mg/l SR ISO and and until saturation Ground Æi subterane SO 42 -, mg/kg a total SR EN b 2000 and c and and ACIDITY, ml/kg DIN Baumann Gully Not encountered into practice Notes A, B and C are explained in CP 012-1:2007, table 2 Table taken from CP 012/1:2007 Portfolio of bulk cements from Holcim Holcim Romania offers a wide range of bulk cements for all types of applications: civil, industrial and agricultural buildings, infrastructure works, etc. TYPE OF CEMENT NAME USE MARKET SEGMENT CEM I 52.5R, CEM I 42.5R CEM II A-LL 42.5R CEM II BM (S-LL) 32.5R Structo CEM II BM (S-V) 42.5 N-LH CEMENT TYPE No risk of corrosion or chemical attack Portland Cement Portland Cement with limestone (limestone 20%) Portland Cement composite with slag and limestone (admixtures 35%) Cement of LH type (with low hydration heat) Corrosion induced by carbonation Corrosion due to chlorides Chlorides of other sources than sea water Holcim products are certified cements (CE marking), with or without admixtures, with applicability in different combination of exposure ranges. used for all exposure classes except for XA2 and XA3 in case of sulphate attack. Not recommended for massive elements. used for all exposure classes except for XA2 and XA3 in case of sulphate attack. Not recommended for massive elements. used only for the elements exposed to carbonation in dry environments, submerged or rarely dry (XC1 and XC2). The technical approval expands the areas of use to interior and exterior elements subject to carbonation and to the vertical elements subject to frost-thaw (XF1 and XF2). In the massive elements and according to the dispositions of CP 012 and the technical approval. Chlorides from the sea water Frost-thaw attack RMX (including the paving concrete), precast elements, ACC, special technologies, adhesives, dry castable. RMX, adhesives and dry castable RMX RMX Chemical attack Mechanical stress by wear XO XC1 XC2 XC3 XC4 XD1 Xd2 Xd3 Xs1 Xs2 Xs3 Xf1 Xf2 Xf3 Xf4 Xa1 Xa2 * Xa3 * Xm1 Xm2 Xm3 CEM I x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x CEM II A-LL x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x CEM II BM CP x x x (S-LL) Technical Structo approval x x x x x x 0 0 x 0 0 x x 0 0 x 0 0 x 0 0 CEM II BM CP x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x (S-v) -lh Technical approval x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x * In case of sulphate chemical attack to the exposure classes XA2 and XA3 it is mandatory to use the cements resistant to sulphates. Can be used Cannot be used Holcim Products Table taken from CP 012-1:2007 (completed by Holcim Romania) 6 7

5 Holcim (Romania) S.A. 169 A Floreasca Street Building B, 7 th Floor District 1, RO Bucharest, Romania Holcim (Romania) S.A.