Horizontal Ellipse. Contact LSBC for additional sizes. Buried Ellipse for Pedestrian Traffic. Elliptical Stream Crossing

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1 Horizontal Ellipse By eliminating the need for concrete footings this shape can often provide the lowest overall installed cost of any long span structure. If a natural stream bottom is desired the invert of the ellipse may be buried and filled with native streambed material. Buried ellipses also make for an excellent vehicle, pedestrian or wildlife underpass. Typical sizes for these ellipses are listed in Table 3. Contact LSBC for additional sizes. 8 Buried Ellipse for Pedestrian Traffic Elliptical Stream Crossing

2 TABLE 3 Long Span Horizontal Ellipse Typical Sizes and Layout Dimensions Structure Span Rise Top Radius Side End Area Number R T Radius R S (ft 2 ) HE220 9'-4" 2'-9" 2'-6" 4'-6" 9 HE230 20'-" 3'-0" 3'-" 4'-6" 202 HE '-2" '-" 3'-8" 3'-7" 83 HE '-0" 2'-2" 4'-3" 3'-7" 94 HE233 2'-0" 5'-2" 3'-" 5'-" 248 HE2609 2'-" 3'-" 4'-0" 4'-" 22 HE253 22'-6" 5'-8" 4'-3" 5'-" 274 HE270 23'-0" 4'-" 5'-5" 4'-6" 249 HE263 23'-3" 5'-" 4'-0" 5'-" 288 HE274 24'-4" 6'-" 5'-5" 6'-4" 320 HE290 24'-6" 4'-8" 6'-6" 4'-6" 274 HE300 25'-2" 4'-" 7'-" 4'-6" 287 HE293 25'-5" 6'-9" 6'-6" 5'-" 330 HE295 26'-" 8'-2" 6'-6" 6'-0" 369 HE3 26'-3" 5'-0" 7'-8" 5'-0" 320 HE32 27'-0" 6'-2" 8'-3" 5'-0" 334 HE306 27'-2" 9'-" 7'-" 7'-3" 405 HE36 27'-" 9'-5" 7'-8" 7'-3" 42 HE332 28'-" 7'-" 8'-0" 5'-5" 369 HE342 28'-0" 7'-5" 9'-5" 5'-5" 384 HE336 29'-5" 9'-" 8'-0" 7'-3" 455 HE346 30'-" 20'-2" 9'-5" 7'-3" 472 HE362 30'-3" 7'-" 20'-7" 5'-5" 45 HE357 3'-2" 2'-2" 20'-0" 7'-9" 53 HE373 3'-4" 8'-" 2'-" 5'-" 454 HE383 32'-" 9'-2" 2'-8" 5'-" 47 HE368 32'-3" 22'-2" 20'-7" 8'-2" 555 HE378 33'-0" 22'-5" 2'-" 8'-2" 574 HE394 33'-2" 20'-" 22'-3" 6'-4" 52 HE389 34'-" 23'-4" 2'-8" 8'-8" 69 HE44 34'-7" 20'-8" 23'-5" 6'-4" 548 HE45 34'-" 2'-4" 23'-5" 6'-0" 574 HE '-" 24'-4" 22'-3" 9'" 665 HE '-9" 25'-9" 22'-3" 0'-0" 78 HE426 36'-0" 22'-4" 24-0" 7'-3" 69 HE42 36'-" 25'-7" 23'-5" 9'-7" 735,2 HE445 37'-2" 22'-2" 25'-2" 6'-0" 63 HE '-0" 26'-7" 24'-0" 0'-0" 785 HE '-8" 27'-" 24'-0" 0'-" 843,2 HE '-0" 29'-7" 24'-7" '-0" NOTES: These structures require AASHTO A--a select backfill. Minimum gage from Table 6 may need to be increased. Contact LSBC for design details. 2 Circumferential Stiffeners are required per AASHTO. LSBC will provide details. All dimensions are to the inside crest. Many additional sizes are available. Contact LONG SPAN Bridge & Culvert for details. (5722)

3 Pear and Pear-Arch For years these long span shapes have been providing the most economical and versatile railroad grade separations in the industry. Compared to other materials, these shapes are often installed without any disruption to railway traffic. Tables of typical sizes for these shapes are listed in Tables 4 and 5. Contact LSBC for additional sizes. TABLE 4 Long Span Pear Shapes Typical Sizes and Layout Dimensions 0 Structure Maximum Rise Bottom Top Radius t Corner c Side s Bottom b End Area Number Span Rise R T Radius R C Radius R S Radius R b (ft 2 ) P '-8" 25'-5" 4'-0" 4'-0" 38º-25' 6'-" 37º-0' 6'-6" 66º-24' 9'-0" 38º-' 477 P '-0" 25'-0" 5'-" 6'-2" 3º-2' 7'-0" 45º-8' 7'-4" 57º-50' 9'-" 45º-50' 497 P '-2" 26'-" 6'-" 5'-0" 38º-53' 6'-" 45º-50' 8'-9" 48º-39' 0'-3" 46º-38' 57 P '-0" 27'-8" 6'-9" 5'-" 38º-4' 5'-9" 39º-7' 9'-9" 57º-46' 9'-3" 44º-6' 544 *P '-7" 28'-4" 8'-" 20'-" 30º-34' 4'-9" 47º-25' 20'-2" 67º-47' 7'-" 34º-4' 593 P '-6" 27'-8" 8'-0" 9'-" 34º-22' 5'-6" 49º-6' 20'-3" 58º-3' 9'-7" 37º-5' 596 P '-" 27'-9" 6'-9" 20'-5" 30º-' 7'-3" 50º-0' 8'-0" 53º-6' 2'-3" 46º-33' 624 P '-6" 30'-8" 9'-8" 8'-2" 40º-' 7'-0" 45º-8' 24'-3" 45º-3' '-" 49º-8' 689 P '-0" 29'-8" 20'-" 2'-0" 33º-28' 6'-7" 55º-0' 24'-2" 43º-29' '-0" 48º-3' 698 **P '-" 3'-3" 20'-0" 9'-3" 40º-8' 7'-0" 45º-8' 24'-4" 45º-4' 2'-0" 49º-20' 738 * Meets AREMA clearances for bridges and turntables. ** Meets AREMA clearances for single track tunnels. All dimensions are to the inside crest. Many additional sizes are available. Contact LONG SPAN Bridge & Culvert for details. TABLE 5 Long Span Pear-Arch Shapes Typical Sizes and Layout Dimensions Structure Maximum Rise Bottom BottomTop Radius t Corner Radius c Side Radius s End Area Number Span Span Rise R T R C R S (ft 2 ) PA '-" 23'-4" 6'-2" '-0" 4'-0" 38º-25' 6'-" 37º-0' 20'-0" 50º-47' 480 PA '-4" 24'-9" 8'-5" '-" 5'-5" 38º-27' 8'-6" 37º-23' 20'-0" 50º-47' 559 *PA '-3" 25'-6" 7'-9" 3'-8" 20'-0" 30º-49' 6'-0" 45º-3' 22'-0" 52º-24' 603 PA '-7" 24'-" 2'-6" 2'-8" 22'-0" 30º-6' 6'-9" 46º-57' 22'-0" 48º-5' 645 **PA '-4" 25'-0" 2'-7" 3'-2" 22'-0" 3º-8' 7'-0" 45º-8' 22'-0" 50º-20' 683 * Meets AREMA clearances for bridges and turntables. ** Meets AREMA clearances for single track tunnels. All dimensions are to the inside crest. Many additional sizes are available. Contact LONG SPAN Bridge & Culvert for details.

4 Long Span Selection Guide STREAM OR WETLANDS CROSSING VEHICULAR TUNNEL OR PEDESTRIAN UNDERPASS BOTTOMLESS ARCH REQUIRED BOTTOMLESS ARCH OR ELLIPSE MAY BE USED HORIZONTAL ELLIPSE WITH A BURIED INVERT HIGH PROFILE ARCH. Using the size chart for the Low Profile Arch choose the size that best meets the span, rise and open endarea requirements of the stream. 2. Proceed to Table 6 below. 3. Using the Top Radius of the chosen structure and the lightest gage listed determine the required minimum cover over the structure. 4. If the actual cover height is over 0 feet a high profile Arch may offer benefits such as: smaller footings, shorter structure or a lighter gage. Call LSBC for additional assistance in selecting a structure..using the size charts for both the Low Profile Arch and the Horizontal Ellipse choose a size that best meets the span, rise and open end-area requirements of the stream. 2. Proceed to Table 6 below. 3. Using the Top Radius of the chosen structure and the lightest gage listed determine the required minimum cover over each of the structures. 4. Contact LSBC for construction estimates on each structure. Horizontal Ellipses can often result in the lowest installed cost of any long span due to the elimination of concrete footings. Choosing a long span shape for use as a tunnel or underpass generally requires that a minimum rectangular clearance opening fit inside the tunnel. Horizontal Ellipses where the invert is buried and a paving is installed and High Profile Arches on footings offer excellent tunnels or underpasses.. Using the size charts for the Horizontal Ellipse or the High Profile Arch choose a shape that best meets the clearance requirements of the tunnel. Contact LSBC for assistance in choosing structures that provide you with the required opening size. 2. After you have chosen a shape, Proceed to Table 6 below. 3. Using the Top Radius of the chosen structure and the lightest gage listed determine the required minimum cover over each of the structures. 4. Contact LSBC for construction estimates on each structure. Horizontal Ellipses can often result in the lowest installed cost of any long span tunnel due to the elimination of concrete footings. TABLE 6 MINIMUM THICKNESS AND MINIMUM COVER FOR H 20, HS 20 and HS 25 LIVE LOADS Top Radius R T, (Ft.) THICKNESS Inches GAGE 5' 5'-7' 7'-20' 20'-23' 23'-25' 0.09" (2) 2.5' 0.38" (0) 2.5' 3.0' 0.68" (8) 2.5' 3.0' 3.0' 0.88" (7) 2.5' 3.0' 3.0' 0.28" (5) 2.0' 2.5' 2.5' 3.0' 0.249" (3) 2.0' 2.0' 2.5' 3.0' 4.0' 0.280" () 2.0' 2.0' 2.5' 3.0' 4.0' Notes for Table 6 ) Table 6 is not for use with pear shapes. Contact LSBC for design assistance. 2) Heights of cover for loading are measured to the top of the concrete pavement or the bottom of the flexible pavement. 3) Minimum cover for E 80 loading can be determined individually. Contact LSBC for design assistance. 4) Minimum cover for off road or construction loads must be determined individually. Contact LSBC for assistance. 5) The table assumes granular backfill over the top of the structure to the full minimum cover height compacted to not less than 90% AASHTO T 80 density. Contact Long Span Bridge & Culvert for: Engineered designs for the long span structure, hydraulics, concrete footings, scour analysis, concrete or modular block headwalls, step beveled ends, etc. AutoCAD details for the long span bridge and any of its accessories Full construction cost estimates AASHTO structural calculations based on the actual cover height and live load combination Horizontal and Vertical footing reactions for designing concrete footings Hydraulic analysis of any long span structure Help in choosing the most economical end treatment of the long span bridge

5 Conceptual Details Typical Long Span Structure (with Beveled Ends) Section A-A Typical Cutoff Wall and Slope Collar (for structures with invert and bevel) Section B-B Concrete Slope Collar 2 Base Channel Profile Typical Top Step Heights " " Notes: ) For Horizontal Ellipse top & bottom step dimension must be equal. 2) Contact LSBC for step heights on larger structures. NOTE: Many of these details are conceptual. Please contact LSBC for assistance on your application. (5722)

6 Multiple Long Span Installation Typical Longitudinal Stiffener 3 Longitudinal Stiffeners Base Channel Detail Need Help? go to or call lsbc (5722) (5722) NOTE: Many of these details are conceptual. Please contact LSBC for assistance on your application.

7 4 Long Span Installation Long span bridges combine steel structural plate, select, granular backfill and over 35 years of experience to produce a proven engineered system. As with any engineered system, long span structures must be built to the correct specifications and standards. The following procedures incorporate this extensive industry experience to ensure the optimum installation of long span structures. PRE-CONSTRUCTION CONFERENCE As part of the comprehensive quality assurance and quality control program developed by LONG SPAN Bridge and Culvert, LLC,a pre-construction conference is conducted by a LSBC representative. This meeting is held before any construction regarding the long span structure has occurred and generally includes representatives from the owner, consulting engineer, general contractor and site contractors. The purpose of the pre-construction conference is to familiarize all parties with the methodology of a long span installation and to review the specific duties and responsibilities of each involved party. The Pre-Construction Conference is designed to answer pertinent questions and to ensure that the structures are installed efficiently and properly. SITE PREPARATION FOR STRUCTURE A quality long span installation starts with a competent foundation. The entire area underneath the structure as well as the fill zones on either side of the structure should be evaluated by the design engineer to ensure adequate bearing capacity. The amount of differential settlement between the structure and the fill on either side should be minimal to prevent excessive drag down forces. The pre-construction conference will cover items that need to be addressed in site preparation such as: Base channel installation and alignment Shaping the bedding beneath fully enclosed structures Excavation of the backfill zone and acceptable backfill materials Unloading and storage procedures for the delivered long span structural plate TABLE 7 AASHTO M-45 T ABLE 2 (MODIFIED)* GROUP CLASSIFICATION A- A-2 (Modified) Sieve analysis, percent passing: A--a A--b A-2-4 A-2-5 No. 0 (2.00 mm) 50 max No. 40 (0.425 mm) 30 max 50 max No. 00 (0.50 mm) 50 max 50 max No. 200 (0.075 mm) 5 max 25 max 20 max 20 max Characteristics of fraction passing No. 40 (0.425 mm) Liquid Limit 40 max 4 max Plasticity Index 6 max 0 max 0 max Usual Types of Significant Stone Fragments Silty or Clayey Constituent Materials Gravel and Sand Gravel and Sand *Modified to be more select than M-45 STRUCTURE ASSEMBLY LSBC will provide a trained and experienced crew that will assemble the structure once the necessary site preparation has been completed. This crew will assemble the plates in accordance with detailed LSBC guidelines and will monitor the structure's shape and alignment throughout the erection process. They will be responsible for tightening all bolts in the proper sequence and to the specified torque. The crew will make sure that all seams are tightly joined, smooth and symmetric. Any deviations from acceptable tolerances should immediately be reported to LSBC. BACKFILL MONITORING Proper placement and compaction of the backfill around a long span structure is essential. In order to ensure that the backfilling operation is done properly, LSBC will provide a full time Monitor at the site during all backfilling procedures. The Monitor will: Document that the proper soil type is being used for backfilling. Record soil measurements including density, moisture content, lift thickness at specific frequencies. Continuously measure the shape of the long span structure during backfilling. Document that longitudinal and circumferential stiffeners are installed in accordance with specifications. No structural backfill can be placed without the LSBC Monitor being present. Once backfilling of the structure is completed the Monitor will submit a report to the owner documenting all backfilling procedures and measurements. STRUCTURAL BACKFILL A select, granular backfill must be used around and over the long span structure to the required minimum cover height. This area is known as the select backfill zone and its exact dimensions are dependent on the quality of soil surrounding the structure, loading condition and the shape of the long span. For typical installations with a good quality, well compacted embankment or insitu soil extending on either side of the structure a minimum width of six feet on either side of the long span is acceptable. The structural backfill must conform to one of the following soil classifications from AASHTO Specification M 45 as modified in the Table 7 for A-, A-2-4 OR A-2-5. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS. Materials must be dense graded. No open or gap graded material is allowed. 2. Fine beach sands, windblown sands, stream deposits exhibiting fine,rounded particles and typically specified by AASHTO as A-3 materials are not allowed. 3. On-site mixing or blending to achieve specified gradation is not allowed. 4. Maximum particle size must not exceed 3 inches. For A- 2 materials, moisture content must be between -3% to +2% of optimum as defined by AASHTO T-80. All soil classifications are limited in height of cover and structure shape applications as follows: a) A--a material is suitable for all long span shapes, sizes, and fill heights. b) A--b material is suitable only for use with high profile arch and pear shaped structures to a 2 feet maximum fill height and for use with elliptical and low profile arch structures to a 20 feet maximum fill height.

8 Multiple End Treatment Options Available Long span structures offer more end treatment and architectural facing options than any other bridge system in the industry. These options allow developers and engineers to choose the most economic and aesthetically pleasing finish to their bridge, culvert or underpass. Options include: Reinforced concrete headwalls and wingwalls. Stone, brick or patterned concrete facing may be added to enhance the existing site. Modular block headwalls and wingwalls. A wide variety of block styles and colors can be used to create an attractive cost effective facing to your structure. 5 Step-beveled ends with concrete slope collars. This economic approach allows the long span structure to conform to a desired slope and uses a poured in-place collar to provide protection and a finished look. LONG SPAN Bridge & Culvert s design team can provide designs for any of these options. For additional information or design assistance contact LSBC at LSBC.

9 Project Assistance Form Date Project Name Project Location Application Headwall Type Concrete Modular Block Other: Bevel Slope : Headwall Alignment Normal Skewed Angle of Skew: Degrees Wingwall Type Concrete Modular Block Other: Traffic Loading HS20 HS25 E80 Other: Soil Bearing Capacity: PSF Hydraulic Data (if applicable) Discharge (Q) Storm Event (Yr) Has scour been analyzed? Yes No What is the scour depth? FT Contact Information: Company Address Additional Comments: Contact Name Phone No. Fax No. Client s Name Phone No. Fax No. Need Help? go to or call lsbc (5722) PLEASE PHOTOCOPY AND FAX OR SEND FORM TO: LONG SPAN Bridge & Culvert, LLC, 3 North Court Street, Suite 2, Frederick, MD 270 Fax: Phone: The information contained in this brochure is for general use and should not be used without first securing competent engineering advice as to suitability for any specific application. THE PUBLICATION OF THIS INFORMATION IS NOT INTENDED AS A REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITTNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. LONG SPAN Bridge & Culvert, LLC /02