Adapting Skybridge Design, Construction, and Programming to Accommodate Wind Demand. Anton Davies, Principal, RWDI

Transcription

1 Adapting Skybridge Design, Construction, and Programming to Accommodate Wind Demand Anton Davies, Principal, RWDI

2 Adapting Skybridge Design, Construction and Programming to Accommodate the Wind Demand Presented by Anton Davies, Ph.D., P.Eng., FCAE Co author Bujar Morava, Ph.D., P.Eng., MASCE Co author Calin Dragoiescu, M.Eng., P.Eng.

3 Petronas Towers designed by Thornton Tomasetti Completed 1998 Among the first to interconnect the towers. Challenge was the flexible joint and the vortex shedding issues at the support legs. TMDs were used to control the first and second modes of vibration The Gate at Shams, Al Reem Island designed by Khatib & Alami Completed in 2013 Bridge fixed at all towers.

4 CCTV Headquarters, Beijing Designed by OMA and ARUP Completed 2012 Eccentric mass Multi-substructure Analysis Vertical acceleration assessment Icicles

5 Toronto Condominium Ice formation due to differential heating Energy losses

6 Snow loads Sliding snow Ice formation Video of Sliding Snow

7 Tencent Seafront Towers, Shenzhen Architect: NBBJ and Tongji Architectural Design (Group) Co., Ltd. Completed: 2017 Very stiff - issue would be pedestrian level winds Pedestrian induced vibration

8 Datum Jelatek, Kuala Lumpur Owner: DatumCorp International Design Architect: Surbana International Consultants Str. Engineer: Arup Completion: tbd

9 Block 26 and 29, Concord Adex Toronto Str Engineer: Entuitive General Contractor: PCL Challenge: Lift the bridge fully clad! Net savings of $400,000 due to strandjacking vs traditional shoring Block 29 Pin Block 26 Slider Lift height: 80 m Weight: 400 tonnes

10 Use of multi substructure approach to accurately assess the differential loading and wind induced motions of the bridge Wind Tunnel Testing (HFPI)

11 Differential Wind Loading Scenarios Considered for Bridge Design Tension Compression Differential Shear

12 Recommended wind load combination factors

13 Recommended Load Combinations for Simultaneous Application of Effective Static Floor by Floor Loads

14 Wind Tunnel Predicted Wind Induced Motions Bridge peak horizontal acceleration due to Block 29 tower and the link bridge moving together in unison Bridge peak horizontal acceleration due to along-wind buffeting

15 Wind Tunnel Predicted Wind Induced Motions Bridge RMS horizontal acceleration due to along-wind buffeting Bridge RMS vertical acceleration due to across-wind buffeting

16 Assessment of Lateral Wind Loading on the Bridge during Lift Position 2 Position 3 Position 4 Position 1

17 Block 26 and 29, Concorde Adex Toronto Skybridge Strandjack Lift

18 Assessment of Low Risk Wind Conditions for Lifting

19 Position 3 During Construction Completed

20 Pedestrian Level Wind Solutions

21 The Address Residence Sky View Towers, Dubai Architect: SOM and NORR 11 May 2017 Strandjacked the fixed link

22

23 One Za abeel Towers, Dubai four multi substructure approach Designed Architect: Nikken Sekkei Under construction Height of S1 is 301m and S2 is 237m Challenges: Accurate assessment of differential loading on the fixed link 66m cantilever with vertical and horizontal vibration issues new criteria needed for vertical motions Lateral accelerations on the main towers S2 S1 S4 S3 Pedestrian activity on the roof of the link

24 Differential Wind Loading Scenarios Recommended for the Bridge Design Tension LC #27 Shear Case 1 - LC #29-30 Primary Components of Differential Wind Loading Compression LC #28 Shear Case 2 LC #31-32

25 Illustration of determination of LCFs for primary components of LC #31 Wind direction : 310 Target Peak Value: - 4.6x107 N + Fy2 -Fy Fx Fy1 Bridge Mz Fy Fx Mz2 TRUE NORTH

26 Vertical Motion Criteria Used for the Serviceability Assessment of the Link Bridge

27 One Za abeel ground level and Pool Deck landscaping

28 Raffles City Chongqing 6 tower multi substructure HFFB approach Designed by ARUP Under construction All towers structurally linked at the podium levels Four shorter towers structurally linked at the top as well

29

30 Palm 360, Dubai Assisting design team in decision making Design by AE7 Under Construction Construction Phase - always a debate about return period! How much displacement is permitted with infinity pools Construction stages Final Design Fixed link with infinity pool

31

32 1 Dubai Mega Tower Meraas Developments Adrian Smith Gordan Gill Architects Halvorson & Partners Approx. 1000m Multiple TMDs needed In Cloud Icing!!!!

33 Nakheel Tall Tower Pei Partnership, Woods Bagot Architects, WSP Height: m Multiple TMDs

34 THANK YOU