Codes and Standards Initiative - Sponsors

Transcription

1 Codes and Standards Initiative - Sponsors

2 Who is Mass Save? Mass Save is an initiative sponsored by Massachusetts gas and electric utilities and energy efficiency service providers, including Columbia Gas of Massachusetts, The Berkshire Gas Company, Cape Light Compact, Eversource Energy, National Grid, Liberty Utilities, and Unitil. The Sponsors of Mass Save work closely with the Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources to provide a wide range of services, incentives, trainings, and information promoting energy efficiency that help residents and businesses manage energy use and related costs.

3 Residential New Construction Offers Low-Rise New Construction Performance Path incentives based upon a % improvement over the MA baseline Prescriptive Path incentives for measures beyond MA baseline High-Rise New Construction Incentives based upon actual measures To find out more details on these incentives as well as available incentives for existing buildings, please visit

4 Commercial New Construction Offers Incentives for efficiency levels beyond code: Whole building incentives System incentives including Air Compressors Chillers Lighting and Lighting Controls Gas-Fired Heating Equipment Variable Speed Drives Custom Measures And more We also offer incentives and rebates for existing buildings as well. Please visit for the details.

5 Massachusetts Energy Code Technical Support Initiative Massachusetts Residential Energy Code: HVAC and Indoor Air Quality These materials 2014 Conservation Services Group, Inc. all rights reserved. - Unauthorized access or use is strictly prohibited.

6 AIA Continuing Education CLEAResult is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non- AIA members are available on request. This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

7 Important Disclosure These trainings are being offered through the support of Mass Save and in cooperation with the Massachusetts Board of Building Regulations and Standards (BBRS). The Energy Code Technical Support staff, consisting of CLEAResult and other contractors, are not code officials, and the information provided through the program is not a formal interpretation of the code. Your local building code official is responsible for the enforcement of the code and the Massachusetts BBRS is the governing body responsible for interpretations of the code.

8 Mass Save Energy Code Technical Support Project Specific Code Assistance MA code officials Design professionals Contractors Sub contractors Material suppliers Toll-free energy code support Phone assistance Office visits Project site visits

9 Learning Objectives Summarize mechanical ventilation options Plan for better indoor air quality Analyze 2012 IECC mechanical impacts Discuss strategies for compliance

10 2012 IECC Blower Door 3ACH50 mandatory Attic R-49 Basement wall R-15/19 Duct Blaster Limits to leakage 4 cfm/100 sq.ft. 3 cfm/100 sq.ft. if air handler not installed Lighting - 75% high efficacy mandatory 2012 IECC

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13 2012 IECC

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15 What's in Your Basement?

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19 2012 IECC

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21 A Building is a System Enclosure Control Water rain water and vapor Air movement Heat loss Provide views to outside (windows) Aesthetics Heating/Cooling Equipment Mechanical Ventilation

22 Why Ventilation Moisture Carbon dioxide Nitrogen dioxide Tobacco smoke Volatile organic compounds (off-gassing) Chemicals/cleaners Carbon monoxide Other pollutants

23 Uncontrolled Ventilation Natural air exchange Unreliable Temperature Difference Wind No occupant control

24 Controlled Ventilation Mechanical ventilation Occupant control Incoming air can be filtered/tempered Houses can be built tighter

25 CFM What is the Right Ventilation Rate? What are the loads in the house? Will they change over time? Capacity and Control Ventilation Needs Over Time 40 Time

26 R403.5 Mechanical Ventilation (Mandatory MA Amend) Each dwelling unit of a residential building must meet: 1. Energy Star Homes Version 3 or 2. ASHRAE or 3. Formula (1- & 2- family detached or townhouse 3 stories above grade) Q=.03 x CFA x (Nbr+1)-0/052 x Q50 x S x WSF 2012 IECC

27 2012 IECC with MA Amendments R403.5 Option 1- ENERGY STAR Homes V3 ASHRAE Ventilation standard for low rise residential Ventilation Formula 0.01 x floor area x (Nbr +1) Example 0.01 x 2,500 sf x (3 bed+1) = 55 CFM Table 780 CMR

28 2012 IECC with MA Amendments R403.5 ENERGY STAR Table ASHRAE Bedroom - 2,500 square feet Floor Area (ft 2 ) Number of Bedrooms < 1, ,501-3, ,001-4, ,501-6, ,001-7, > 7, CMR

29 2012 IECC with MA Amendments R403.5 Option 2 - ASHRAE ventilation standard for low rise residential Ventilation Formula CFM = 0.01 x floor area x (Nbr +1) Table 780 CMR

30 2012 IECC with MA Amendments R403.5 ENERGY STAR Table ASHRAE Bedroom - 2,500 square feet Floor Area (ft 2 ) Number of Bedrooms < , ,001-1, ,501-2, ,001-2, , CMR

31 2012 IECC with MA Amendments R403.5 Option 3 - Formula Q=.03 x CFA + 7.5x (Nbr+1) x CFM50 x height ratio x location factor ASHRAE with infiltration credit 780 CMR

32 2012 IECC with MA Amendments R403.5 Compare Options 2500 sf home 3 bedrooms Option Compliance Metric 1a ENERGY STAR V3 ASHRAE formula 1b ENERGY STAR V3 ASHRAE table CFM 2a ASHRAE formula 105 2b ASHRAE table MA Calculation ASHRAE 2013* CMR

33 Ventilation Strategies 1. Exhaust-only ventilation or 2. Balanced ventilation

34 2012 IECC with MA Amendments R Mechanical Ventilation (Mandatory) Ventilation equipment must be certified by: HVI (Home Ventilating Institute) or AMCA (Air Movement and Control Association) 780 CMR

35 2012 IECC with MA Amendments R Sound Ratings (Mandatory) 1 sone or less Exception - Air handlers and remote fans (with 4 feet of duct) 780 CMR

36 Exhaust-Only Ventilation EPA ENERGY STAR Homes

37 Controller

38 Controller

39 Controller

40 2012 IECC with MA Amendments R Sound Rating 780 CMR

41 Ventilation Options 2012 IECC

42 Ventilation Options MA Amendment 2012 IECC

43 2012 IECC with MA Amendments R Air Inlets and Exhausts (Mandatory) Inlets 10 feet from contamination sources Rodent screen Inlets or exhaust Where less than 7 feet from grade MECH. VENT DIRECTLY BELOW KEEP CLEAR OF ALL OBSTRUCTIONS 780 CMR

44 Advantages: Exhaust-Only Easy to install Simple Inexpensive: $70 - $300 Reduces moisture loading of the wall assemblies

45 Disadvantages: Exhaust-Only Make-up air takes path of least resistance Distribution effectiveness in larger homes Removes heated or cooled air

46 R Fan Efficacy (Mandatory) Fan Location Air Flow Rate Min. (cfm) Minimum Efficacy (cfm/watt) Range hoods Any 2.8 In-line fan Any 2.8 Bathroom/utility room Bathroom/utility room IECC

47 Bathroom Fans Home Ventilating Institute Make/Model CFM Watt CFM/Watt Sones Type Panasonic Whisper Green: FV-08VKS <0.3 Panasonic Whisper Value: FV-10VS Broan-Nutone ZB80M <0.3 Broan-Nutone QTRN Ceiling Mounted Ceiling Mounted Ceiling Mounted Ceiling Mounted Fantech FR Inline Fantech FR Inline 2012 IECC

48 Costs of Ventilation Home Ventilating Institute Make/Model CFM Est. Ventilation Cost (year) % of Total Energy Bill Panasonic Whisper Green FV-08VKS3 60 $54 2% Panasonic Whisper Value FV-10VS1 60 $75 3% Broan-Nutone ZN80 60 $54 2% Broan-Nutone QTRN $94 3% Fantech FR $59 2% Fantech FR $88 3%

49 Balanced Ventilation EPA ENERGY STAR Homes

50 HRV / ERV

51 Advantages: Balanced Ventilation Make-up air pathway is known Distribution is known Filter the air Recovers heat/cool/moisture No induced infiltration

52 Disadvantages: Balanced Cost Installation: $650 - $3,000+ Complexity Higher electric loads

53 Separate Ductwork for Ventilation

54 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 2012 IECC

55 2012 IECC

56 Measure it! 2012 IECC

57 2012 IECC with MA Amendments R Ventilation Verification (Mandatory) Installed performance of the system shall be tested by one of the following: HERS Rater HERS Rating Field Inspector BPI Certified Professional BBRS approved Third party Using RESNET, ACCA or BBRS approved equipment 780 CMR

58 BBRS Approved Third Party An individual who, in a notarized letter of verification, swears in writing under the penalties of perjury that he/she has demonstrated competence and at least two (2) years of experience in the field of blower door, and/or duct blasting and/or, mechanical ventilation testing" and that the building official shall accept said letter as part of the permit application, and that this policy shall expire on the date that the 9th edition of 780 CMR is in effect. 780 CMR

59 2012 IECC with MA Amendments R Ventilation Verification (Mandatory) 780 CMR

60 Keep Runs Short & Straight (Best Practice)

61 Installation Quality (Best Practice)

62 2012 IECC with MA Amendments R Ventilation Documentation (Mandatory) Provide occupant information Instructions on operation and maintenance Label controls 780 CMR

63 Build Tight, Ventilate Right!

64 Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)

65 8 Steps to a Healthy Home Dry DOE - Healthy & Affordable Housing Comfortable Pest Free Toxic Chemical Free Cleanable Well Ventilated Lead Safe Combustion Product Free

66 Keep Materials Dry During Construction (Best Practice)

67 Keep Materials Dry During Construction (Best Practice) 2012 IECC

68 Moisture Sources People Breathing Showering Cooking Crawlspace floor Construction Vent free fireplace Pool, greenhouse, other large sources...

69 Toxic Chemical Free (Best Practice)

70 Replace Filters (Best Practice)

71 Combustion Product Free (Best Practice)

72 Use Power Vented or Direct Vented Appliances (Best Practice)

73 2012 IECC with MA Amendments R Combustion & Solid Fuel Burning Appliances Furnaces, boilers, and water heaters shall be mechanically drafted, direct vented, or power vented/exhausted per code requirements as applicable. Exemption: Homes with naturally drafted equipment shall meet RESNET or BPI combustion safety test procedures and the selected standard s limits for depressurization, spillage, draft pressure, and CO concentration in ambient air. 780 CMR

74 R & Table R Fireplaces (Mandatory) New wood burning fireplaces shall have tight-fitting flue dampers, outdoor combustion air and an air barrier on fireplace walls IECC

75 R & Table R Fireplaces (Mandatory) Fireplaces shall have gasketed doors IECC

76 IRC M Makeup Air Required Exhaust hood systems capable of exhausting in excess of 400 CFM shall be provided with makeup air at a rate approximately equal to the exhaust air rate. Such makeup air systems shall be equipped with a means of closure and shall be automatically controlled to start and operate simultaneously with the exhaust system.

77 Achieving Good Indoor Air Quality (Best Practice) 1. Eliminate sources of contaminants 2. Separate sources from people 3. Exhaust contaminants 4. Dilute contaminants with fresh outdoor air 5. Filter interior air

78 Ductwork There is a better way to treat your ducks, ducts...

79 R Duct Insulation (Prescriptive) Attic ducts 3 R-8, <3 R-6 Other spaces 3 R-6, <3 R-4.2 Exception: Ducts in conditioned space

80 R-4.2 (dubious claim) without airspace/ R-6.0 with airspace 2012 IECC

81 R Duct Sealing (Mandatory) Ducts, air handlers, and filter boxes shall be sealed 2012 IECC

82 R Duct Testing (Mandatory) No duct testing required if all ducts are Post- within conditioned Leakage to space Construction Duct Sealing is always required. Rough-in Total Leakage 12 4 Outside 8 n/a Total Leakage 6 4 Total Leakage w/out air handler IECC

83 Things that are measured tend to improve. (J.K. Galbraith)

84 R Duct Testing (Mandatory) Duct Blaster 2012 IECC

85 R Duct Testing Exception No testing required for HVAC systems located within thermal enclosure 2012 IECC

86 Total Leakage The ENERGY CONSERVATORY -

87 Leakage Rate Metric Units: ft 2 of conditioned space Calculation: (CFM from Duct Blaster)*100 (Conditioned Floor Area) Example: 100 CFM@25 for 2,000 ft 2 home 100 CFM* ft 2 = 5 CFM@25/100 ft 2

88 R Duct Testing (Mandatory) Total Leakage 12 4 Post-Construction Rough-in Leakage to Outside 8 n/a Total Leakage 6 4 Total Leakage w/out air handler IECC

89 Leakage Area by Home Size Home Size (ft²) Leakage Flow (CFM) Leakage Area (in²) Approximately the Size of 1, Two sticky notes 2, A coaster 3, A 4x6 picture 5, An envelope

90 Manufacturer Recommendation for Calibration Digital manometer: every 24 months Digital Gauge Field Calibration or send to manufacturer Fan housing: every 12 months Fan pressure sensor: periodically

91 Keep Ducts Out of Unconditioned Spaces (Best Practice)

92 5 Strategies to Bring Ducts Inside Dropped soffits Inverted soffits Conditioned attic Open web floor trusses Conditioned basement

93 R Duct Insulation (Prescriptive) 2012 IECC

94 Avoid Ducts, Duct Testing

95 Why Bring the Ducts Inside? Eliminate need to insulate / test ducts Improve Comfort and indoor air quality Reduce callbacks Ensure load calculation works Do not lose capacity

96 Efficiency Penalties System Running Supply air leaks heating unconditioned space Return air leaks system works hard Pressure imbalance drives up leakage Extreme temperatures in attic Standby losses

97 Efficiency Penalties - System is Off Pathway for building air leakage Ductwork is less insulated Vented attic Heat loss R-8 Duct insulation R-49 Batt insulation House & Duct Leakage

98 R Building Cavities (Mandatory) Building framing cavities shall not be used as ducts or plenums 2012 IECC

99 What to Seal? EVERYTHING!!

100 What to Seal? 2012 IECC

101 Examples of Duct Mastic Mastic Pictures

102 Largest Sources of Leakage Missing and disconnected sections Branch takeoffs from trunk ducts Folded corners of boots Section connections Swivel elbows Boot to finish Filter racks 143

103 Application of Duct Mastic

104 Attic System Heat Loss 2012 IECC

105 A trunk in the attic Nice Insulation, But What s Underneath?

106 Finger Joint at Takeoff Unsealed connections

107 Sealed Takeoff Connection

108 Sealed Trunk

109 Unsealed Boot and Supply Line Unsealed joints Unsealed factory seams

110 Sealed Swivel Joints Dirty fiberglass from prior air leakage

111 Register Boots Sealed to Finish Boot not sealed to drywall

112 R Filter Slots Shall Be Sealed (Mandatory) 2012 IECC

113 Seal Metal to Metal Gasketed connection sealed to insulation instead of trunk Insulation should be cut wide to allow metal to metal connection then sealed with mastic

114 Pinched Insulation Prevents Full Seal Insulation visible Insulation visible through unsealed connection

115 Unsealed Air Handler Penetration Open knock-out

116 R Sealed Air Handler (Mandatory) Air handler leakage rate no more than 2% of design flow rate 2012 IECC

117 HVAC as a System Get conditioned air to desired space How should we do this? Low duct leakage Properly sized systems Smaller appliances Bigger ducts

118 Calculations:Old Versus New Old Way Oversized system Rule of Thumb Small ducts Worked- Why? Oversized system made up for duct losses (?) New Way Size system (Manual J) Select correct system (Manual S) Seal ducts (2012 IECC requirement) Design ducts will be bigger (Manual D)

119 System Sizing

120 R403.6 Equipment Sizing (Mandatory) Heating and cooling equipment shall be sized according to ACCA Manual S based on building loads calculated with ACCA Manual J or other approved heating and cooling calculation methodologies 2012 IECC

121 ACCA Manual J Residential Load Calculation

122 Manual J Activity

123 ACCA Approved Manual J Software For code compliance must be: Powered by Manual J Third party software providers currently recognized by ACCA RHVAC Residential Load Calculation from Elite Software Right J from Wrightsoft AccuLoads from ADTEK Software Company Florida Solar Energy Center s EnergyGauge

124 Inputs Necessary for System Sizing Use plans and specifications to know: Location and orientation Window and door schedule U-value, size, orientation, shading R-values of exterior building components Estimated air leakage rate Internal gains - people, appliances, plants, etc. Duct location and insulation

125 Reviewing Calculations Square footages Wall area usually within hundred sq. ft. of floor area Ceiling area vs. footprint Orientation Window areas (10% 25% window/wall ratio) U-values: windows, doors R-values: walls, ceiling, floors Air infiltration Design temperatures Duct gains should not be zero (unless ductless/conditioned space) Do the inputs match the building?

126 Safety Factors MANUAL J - Roughly 20% margin of safety Round up on Heat Transfer Multiplier (HTM) Combination of U-value and temperature difference Default appliances are high (1200 Btuh) MANUAL S Round up on size selection 15-30% oversize limit for cooling-only equipment 15k Btu above cooling for heat pumps (our region)

127 ACCA Manual S Equipment Selection

128 Basic Concepts - Focus on Cooling Accurate load calculations (Manual J) Design conditions Estimated cooling CFM Manufacturers published cooling data DON T USE - AHRI certification data

129 ACCA Manual D Residential Duct Design

130 Not Manual D

131 Moving Air Hates To Make Hard Turns Brian Wolfe CC BY IECC

132 Sizing Ducts Use the Duct Sizing Worksheet Calculate design CFM Calculate design friction rate Use design CFM and design friction rate to size ducts Check the velocity

133 What is good about this branch takeoff? Same system, what is bad? 2012 IECC

134 Flex Duct

135 Add Rigid Elbows to Boots To achieve the rated throw and spread of a register, elbows are needed.

136 ASHRAE Recommends Straight ducts Streamlined transitions High radius elbows and/or vanes Radius >= 1/3 duct width Takeoffs 4 from fans or transitions Flexible connectors to isolate noise

137 R403.1 Controls (Mandatory) One thermostat per system Furnace programmable Heat pump prevent supplemental heat Circulating hot water systems Automatic/readily accessible switch 2012 IECC

138 R403.3 Mechanical System Piping Insulation (Mandatory) R-3 Below 55 Above 105 Exposed to the weather protect from damage Adhesive tape not permitted 2012 IECC

139 R Hot Water Pipe Insulation (Prescriptive) All DHW piping shall be insulated to at least R-3 Not required to insulate DHW pipes IF: 1. Inside conditioned space, and 2. Not connected to kitchen, and 3. Length is less than Nominal Pipe Diameter of Largest Diameter Pipe in Run (inch) > 3 4 Maximum Allowable Run Length IECC

140 R404.1 Lighting Equipment (Mandatory) Minimum 75% high-efficacy lamps in permanent fixtures 2012 IECC

141 R404.1 Lighting Equipment (Mandatory) 2012 IECC

142 Additional Training Opportunities Residential Envelope and Building Science The Changing Residential Energy Code - Moving from 2009 IECC to 2012 IECC Commercial MA Commercial Energy Code: Envelope and Building Science MA Commercial Energy Code: Lighting, Lighting Control and Other Electrical Provisions MA Commercial Energy Code: Mechanical Provisions

143 Mass Save Energy Code Technical Support Project Specific Code Assistance MA code officials Design professionals Contractors Material suppliers Other Toll-free energy code support Phone assistance Office visits Project site visits

144 Thank you!

145 Thanks Again to our Sponsors