Research on Earthwork Allocation Problem Based on Linear Programming Mathematical Algorithm Xinyu Yang, Weisan Wu

Transcription

1 209 2nd International Conference on Coputer Science and Advanced Materials (CSAM 209) Research on Earthwork Allocation Proble Based on Linear Prograing Matheatical Algorith Xinyu Yang, eisan u College of Matheatics and Statistics, Baicheng Noral University, Baicheng, China Keywords: Earthwork calculation, Civil 3D, linear prograing, earthwork allocation Abstract. he calculation of earthwork volue and the rational forulation of earthwork allocation plan are the key links of large-scale engineering construction projects, which are of great significance for reducing the cost of engineering construction projects and saving cost. he traditional earthwork calculation requires not only a large aount of huan resources and tie, but also a large calculation error between the calculated earthwork volue and the actual. his paper ainly introduces the basic ideas based on Civil 3D earthwork calculation ethod and how to solve the proble of earthwork quantity allocation by eans of operational planning linear prograing atheatical odel, and verify the feasibility of atheatical odel to solve the proble of earthwork quantity allocation through engineering eaples. Finally, the plan of the earthwork allocation plan is drawn, which is convenient for the construction enterprise anager to ake earthwork construction decision and forulate the earthwork construction plan in line with the actual project. he analysis shows that: Civil 3D software is used to assist the calculation of earthwork volue with high efficiency and accurate results. It is feasible to solve the proble of earthwork allocation by using linear prograing atheatical odel. Introduction he "3th Five-Year Plan" pointed out that the state should speed up the pace of new urbanization construction and accelerate the construction and developent of urban aggloerations. It is necessary to iprove the infrastructure syste of odern cities and ipleent green planning, design and construction standards based on the resource and environental carrying capacity []. herefore, the developent plan of the construction industry in the net five years will also focus on the direction of urbanization [2]. However, the construction cost of large-scale engineering construction projects often aounts to tens of illions of yuan or even 00 illion Chinese yuan. Cost control is a ajor proble encountered by ost enterprise anagers at present. Seeking to solve the cost control easures has becoe a breakthrough in reducing costs and cost [3]. As the priary stage of engineering construction, earthwork engineering, in the high-investent engineering construction project, the ratio of the cost of earthwork engineering to the total cost can not be ignored, and deterines the profit level and anageent level of the project. It is a reference indicator for controlling costs. Inaccurate calculation results of earthwork and unreasonable earthwork allocation plan will not only affect the construction progress of the project, but also delay the construction period, and will also increase the investent of the project [4]. In order to reduce the cost of engineering construction projects, save cost, accurately calculate the aount of and earthwork of the project, and forulate and arrange a reasonable earthwork allocation plan after considering various influencing factors, it is especially iportant for the project anager. his not only serves as the basis for anagers to ake decisions, but also becoes a ajor easure to effectively control construction costs and ensure sooth construction and shorten the construction period. Earthwork Calculation Method Based on Civil 3D here are any softwares for realizing site visualization on the arket, but there are relatively few softwares that have earthwork calculations. For eaple: Revit realizes the 3D visualization of the building odel; Infraworks realizes the visualization of the site odel, but can not calculate the Copyright (209) Francis Acadeic Press, UK 257 DOI: /csa

2 aount of earthwork; Civil 3D realizes the functions of site visualization and earthwork calculation, and is used by ost enterprises for earthwork. Auiliary tools for volue calculations. Civil 3D is a 3D design software developed for the civil engineering industry. It is based on the AutoCAD platfor and has good interoperability. It has certain advantages in civil engineering applications. At the sae tie, Civil 3D software provides convenient and quick design tools for topographic survey and apping and earthwork calculation. Especially in the calculation of earthwork volue, according to the topographical easureent data, using Civil 3D to create a three-diensional terrain odel before and after design, and adjusting the design paraeters, the software can autoatically calculate the aount of earthwork, and provide accurate planning for a reasonable earthwork allocation in the later stage. he aount of earthwork. Civil 3D aided design software calculates the aount of earthwork by coparing the original terrain surface created by the original terrain data with the designed terrain surface, and then using the volue forula of the software to calculate the volue of the two surfaces. During the creation of the original terrain surface, Civil 3D software can create the original terrain surface through various data types, such as the terrain elevation data obtained by the real easureent, the terrain contour data, and the terrain 3D feature line data. he process steps of the software to calculate the aount of earthwork are as follows (take the 6# floor of a project as an eaple): ()Create the original terrain surfaces and design terrain surfaces. hen creating the original terrain surface and designing the terrain surface, you need to create a surface object in the Civil 3D software, then add the terrain feature data to the created surface through the surface definition. Finally, the software autoatically recognizes the terrain paraeters and generates Corresponding terrain surface. (2) Edit the terrain surface. his process ainly judges the accuracy of the original data through the generated visual terrain. If there is a large difference in the local terrain, it is considered that there is a large error in the local elevation point. he elevation point should be adjusted and the surface should be regenerated by the editing function of the surface., reduce the late calculation error. (3) Calculate the earthwork volue. In the calculation of the earthwork volue, in the sae area of the Civil 3D software interface, the original terrain surface odel and the designed terrain surface odel are solved by the volue calculation tool in the software surface analysis panel. By selecting and coparing the volue difference between the two surfaces, the software autoatically calculates the aount of earthwork to be ecavated. Earthwork Quantity Allocation Method Ipleentation of the echnical Route. Before the construction of the project construction, the corresponding cost plan should be forulated. he traditional practice is ainly that the enterprise anagers ake corresponding decisions based on the construction eperience, lacking a reasonable basis, and ultiately lead to an increase in the construction period and cost, and it is difficult to obtain satisfactory results. Considering the significant cost of earthwork engineering, it deterines the profitability and anageent level of the entire project. In order to reduce the cost of engineering construction projects, save cost, accurately calculate the aount of earthwork, a reasonable earthwork allocation plan is of great significance to the project. o this end, after the earthwork quantity has been accurately calculated, the earthwork is regarded as the anageent proble of operations research. A reasonable atheatical odel is established by using linear prograing of operations research, and the atheatical odel is solved. Finally, according to the obtained odel, solve the forulation plan for earthwork quantity for enterprise anagers to ake earthwork anageent decision. he technical route of using the principle of operations research to realize the aount of earthwork engineering is shown in Figure. 258

3 Earthworks anageent objectives Analysis of earthwork Divide and nuber the ining area Calculate the average distance of the corresponding area Establish a atheatical odel and solve Analyze solutions and develop a deployent plan Release earthwork construction decision Figure Earthwork quantity allocation technical route Matheatical Model of Earthwork Quantity Allocation. Before using the linear prograing of operations research to establish a atheatical odel, firstly propose the objective function according to the probles that the enterprise anager needs to solve, to aiize or iniize the objective function, then define the constraint to establish the objective function constraints quantitatively, and finally use the atheatical ethod to solve atheatical odel. In the process of earthwork quantity allocation, the objective function based on the distance between the distance and the earthwork is established, that is, the su of the product of the earthwork and the corresponding distance, taking the iniu value. Consider that there are n areas and fill areas in the site of the project construction project, using i, j to indicate the nuber of the area and the fill area respectively; c ij eans the distance fro the i -th area to the j -th fill area; ij represents the aount of earthwork fro the i -th cut area to the j -th fill area. he objective function Z is: Z = = he constraints are: 2 n 2 here 0, i =,2,, n, j =,2,,. ij = c + c cnn () 2 22 n n n n2 = a = a = a b n b 2 2 n b = (2) Case Study he case project is a aster plan for a college. he first phase covers an area of about 20 ha and the 259

4 total construction area is about 7.6 ha. he ain construction contents include the teaching area, doritory area, dining area, library, sports activity center and supporting infrastructure. he overall scale of the project is huge, the building shape and construction process are cople, the project is built by ountains and waters, the terrain is high and low, the original landfor is cople, the geological conditions are poor, and the earthwork is ecavated and filled. According to the basic characteristics of the project, in the calculation of earthwork volue, the traditional calculation ethod not only consues a large aount of anpower and aterial resources, but also the accuracy of the calculated results is not high, and it is difficult to eet the calculation cost of the project later. In order to achieve financial and aterial savings, fast and accurate results, the project anager decided to adopt the Civil 3D software platfor that is currently widely used in earthoving. he software calculation results are shown in able. able Suary of single earthwork volue Earthwork volue ( 3 ) No. Nae otal Reaining otal fill earthwork # Building # Building # Building # Building # Building # Building # Building a# Building a2# Building b# Building c# Building a# Building b# Building c# Building # Building a# Building b# Building c# Building d# Building e# Building # Building Before forulating the earthwork allocation plan according to the aount of earthwork, it is necessary to forulate the basic principles of earthwork deployent. Firstly, try to keep the balance of earthwork and and filling, reduce the nuber of repeated duping and echanical shifts; secondly, rationally divide the blending area to avoid local ibalance caused by unreasonable partition; then ensure that the transport volue and the corresponding transport distance reach to soe etent Minial to reduce transportation costs, thereby reducing engineering costs; Finally, select the appropriate deployent route, plan and anage transportation equipent to ensure its efficient operation in the field. ()According to the eisting earthwork quantity data, calculate whether the aount of work and the aount of fill work are balanced. If it is not balanced, calculate the aount of earthwork that needs to be spoiled or borrowed. In this eaple, the aount is calculated to be , the fill aount is , and the borrowing soil needs to be borrowed he final earthwork volue of each unit in the field is shown in able ( + indicates the aount of earthwork required to be shipped out of the area if it eets the requireents 260

5 of its own filling; - indicates that the area cannot eet its own filling. he aount of filling required to be transported fro other areas under the request). (2)In order to ake the deployent plan clear, and also to facilitate the establishent of atheatical odels in the later stage, it is necessary to nuber the area within the field. In this eaple, the nubering is ainly based on the aount of earthwork in each area. he cut area nuber is i and the fill area nuber is j. In addition, due to the ibalance of and filling, it is necessary to borrow land, so define a borrowing area J. (3)According to the objective function epression in the atheatical odel, it is necessary to deterine the transportation distance of the corresponding area. In order to ake the calculation convenient and iniize the error, the latter calculates the transportation distance as the calculated reference value. he transportation distance calculated according to the road plan is shown in able 2. Ecavation area able 2 Earthwork volue and distance (Unit: 3 ) Filling area 5 8a 8a2 8b 8 c 9 c 0 otal aount of earth a b a b c d e J otal fill (4) Solve the atheatical odel and get the deployent plan. he results of the solution are shown in able 3. he data in able 3 clarifies the relationship between the area and the earthwork volue of the filling area. For eaple, the generated by the # building and the earthwork generated by the 2# building can all be transported to the 5# building for backfilling. Further analysis of the data in the able shows that the 5# building needs to be backfilled with of earthwork, but the total fill of the #, 2#, 4#, 6# and 7# buildings is Can not eet the backfill of the 5# building, the difference between the two is,56 3, and the 8b # floor needs to backfill the earthwork, but the su of the fills provided by all the onoers is 0, indicating that the 8b# building needs all the nearby borrowing. his indicates that it is necessary to borrow the 56 3 earthwork to backfill the 5# floor and the earthwork backfill 8b# building. he su of the borrowed earth aounts is eactly the sae as the previously required aount of land borrowed (5) According to the calculation results, draw the earthwork plan plan. 26

6 Ecavation area able 3 Calculation results of earthwork quantity allocation (Unit: 3 ) Filling area 5 8a 8a2 8b 8 c 9 c 0 otal aount of earth a b a b c d e otal fill Conclusion In this paper, based on the characteristics of wide area, large aount of and cople terrain, and the accurate calculation of earthwork volue based on Civil 3D software, the atheatical odel of ultivariate and ulti-constraint conditions is established through operation research to solve the proble of earthwork quantity allocation. he practice of the eaple shows that the calculation efficiency is fast and the calculation accuracy is high based on the calculation of Civil 3D software. According to the atheatical solution analysis, the earthwork quantity allocation plan is forulated, and finally the earthwork quantity planning plan is provided to the enterprise anager for decision aking, which has a good application effect and has certain reference value for siilar engineering projects. Acknowledgeents his research is supported by the Science and echnology Project of Jilin Education Departent (20546). References [] ang X, Yuan H, Zhang. he Bilevel Prograing Model of Earthwork Allocation Syste [J]. 2009, 35: [2] Güden H, Süral H. A polynoial algorith for the earthwork allocation proble with borrow and waste site selection [J]. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 207, 68(9): [3] ang R C, Liu J F, Shi-Qi L I, et al. Study on earthwork allocation and transportation ethod based on Ant Algorith and Particle Swar Optiizer [J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2006, 37():

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