A Technology Leap Air Barrier Integration into Building Envelopes

Transcription

1 A Technology Leap Air Barrier Integration into Building Envelopes A research project with the Air Barrier Association of America Inc. Presented by: Mr. Laverne Dalgleish

2 Why is a air barrier needed?

3 Hypothesis Air barrier systems should be incorporated in every building as they are cost effective by saving a significant amount of energy (in the range of 30% to 40%) and incorporating air barriers assist in solving moisture problems and indoor air quality problems, not create them

4 How leaky are the average building? 9-10 L/(s 75 Pa across the US Cost effective to reduce the air leakage to between 0.75 L/(s 75 Pa Some propose 0.02 L/(s 75 Pa Current proposal is 2.00 L/(s 75 Pa Either way major improvements can be made

5 Barriers Air barriers are new technology to most of the construction industry Energy savings although agreed to by most people, cannot be defended scientifically Estimation of air leakage of existing practices has not been confirmed

6 Barriers Interaction of different air barrier materials is not understood Installation practices, although understood to be key, have not be researched to determine impact of improper installations Action of air leakage on moisture (liquid and vapor) has not been quantified

7 Barriers Common comment is that we should not make buildings too tight Air tightness is blamed for mold and mildew problems Air tightness is blamed for indoor air quality problems

8 Opportunities Current air barrier market is non-existent (less than 10% same say less than 1%) States have added or are considering adding air barrier requirements to their code Market growth expected to be exponential

9 Challenges Air barrier industry needs to address these barriers and grow the industry through education or misconceptions will grow and could hamper or destroy the industry

10 Energy Savings Baseline Air-Leakage Target Air-Leakage NIST study establishes no relationship between any of these points Baseline Construction Construction Costs 10 Required Modifications

11 Challenges Air Barriers cannot be dealt with without understanding that they are part of a wall assembly (or roof assembly, foundation assembly, etc.) N.B. Hutcheon s CBD-48 - Requirements for Exterior Walls

12 Key Properties (in order of importance) MoistureLiquid Water Resistive barrier Air Air barrier Heat Heat barrier (Insulation) MoistureVapor Vapor barrier

13 What is an Air Barrier? Depends on what are you talking about Air barrier in general Air barrier material Air barrier component Air barrier sub-assembly Air barrier assembly Air barrier system

14 Types of Air Barrier Materials Self-Adhered Sheet Materials

15 Types of Air Barrier Materials Fluid Applied Materials Liquid Applied Materials

16 Types of Air Barrier Materials Fluid Applied Materials Medium Density (min 28 kg/m³) Spray Polyurethane Foam Rigid Closed Cell

17 Types of Air Barrier Materials Mechanically Fastened Boardstock Materials

18 Types of Air Barrier Materials Mechanically Fastened Film Materials

19 Types of Air Barrier Materials Thermofusable

20 Air permeance Air that travels though a material Air leakage Air that goes around the material and travels through holes

21 Air Barriers Stops the air flow through materials (air permeance) and through the holes (air leakage) A building will always have pressure differences, we cannot control that so we must control the holes

22 Pressure differences are created by Wind

23 Pressure differences are created by Stack effect

24 Pressure differences are created by Mechanical equipment

25 STACK PRESSURE FAN PRESSURE WIND PRESSURE WIND PRESSURE ( UNDER SUCTION ) STACK PRESSURE

26 Air Flow CONDENSATION (at cold sheathing) Hole AIR PATH Direction of Air Flow

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45 Meeting the Challenges and Addressing the Barriers A three year research project headed by the Air Barrier Association of America Inc. which includes industry members, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge National Laboratories and Syracuse University.

46 The Project Consists of 8 phases Project administration (reporting, project administration) Sub-system and wall characterization Material property characterization Laboratory wall testing Advanced moisture engineering modeling Exterior field testing of air barrier systems Wall optimization Information technology transfer, publications, etc.

47 Three critical competencies Lab Modeling Field 47

48 The Project Project administration (reporting, project administration) All participants will be kept informed on the progress, the issues raised and discussion on solutions All information will be restricted to participants until there is agreement for part or all of the information to be released

49 The Project Material property characterization Each of the participants shall submit materials to the project The research project covers self adhered membranes, fluid applied membranes and mechanically fastened membranes All materials shall meet the requirements to be an air barrier material [0.02 L(s 75Pa pressure difference] Materials shall be grouped after their characterization

50 The Project Sub-assembly and wall characterization All participants shall define the assembly, the subcomponents of the assembly and issues that impact the assembly For example: Do a lot of staples or a few staples have a significant impact on the air permeance of an assembly? How critical is the initial bond to the substrate for self adhered membranes? All participants have the opportunity to pose their questions and challenges

51 A Technical Leap - Air Barrier Integration to Building Enclosures Laboratory Analysis System & Sub-System Characterization Thermal + Water + Air Leakage Air Flow Characterization 10 Walls 6 - Subsystems Deliverables 1) Air Leakage through Wall system 2) Flow at joints/interfaces 3) Air flow distribution Water Retention & Drainage 10 Walls 1) Water WRB Retention 2) Drainage Water Performance 3) Drainage Drying + Solar 4) Wall Wetting and Drying Thermal Testing 4 Walls 51

52 The Project Material property characterization Material properties that deal with heat, air and moisture (liquid and vapor) will be included

53 The Project Sub assembly testing Participants are establishing specific installation issues for testing.

54 A Technical Leap - Air Barrier Integration to Building Enclosures Laboratory Analysis System & Sub-System Characterization Thermal + Water + Air Leakage Air Flow Characterization 10 Walls 6 - Subsystems Responsibility University with ORNL Coordination Water Retention & Drainage 10 Walls ORNL + University Responsibility of Construction of Walls for Lab testing ABAA Thermal Testing 4 Walls ORNL 54

55 The Project Sub assembly testing Participants will establish specific installation issues for testing.

56 The Project Sub assembly testing Participants will establish specific installation issues for testing.

57 The Project Sub assembly testing Participants will establish specific installation issues for testing.

58 The Project Sub assembly testing Participants will establish specific installation issues for testing.

59 The Project Sub assembly testing Participants will establish specific installation issues for testing.

60 The Project Sub assembly testing Participants will establish specific installation issues for testing.

61 The Project Sub assembly testing Participants will establish specific installation issues for testing.

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64 The Project Advanced moisture engineering modeling Information gained from the material characterization and the building assembly testing shall be used to provide the inputs into the computer modeling program At this point, different scenarios can be run to determine whether a specific building assembly is providing the expected results Potential concerns can be isolated and solutions proposed

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66 The Project Exterior field testing of air barrier systems Parallel to the above tasks, a test house shall be constructed Participants were consulted to determine size, shape, type and location Building assemblies will undergo a two year field exposure test where continuous monitoring will confirm expected results or show potential challenges.

67 The Project Wall optimization Information being fed back shall result in proposed changes to material characteristics, design details and installation practices to optimize various materials Participants shall have the opportunity to confirm material performance or adjust material requirements and have a minimum of a three year jump on nonparticipants Some redesigns of materials and of assemblies shall be retested to confirm expected results shown by the modeling

68 A Technical Leap - Air Barrier Integration to Building Enclosures Define 18 Building Envelope Walls for Air Barrier & Energy Efficiency Analysis Assumption: 18 wall Laboratory Analysis System & Sub-System Characterization Thermal + Water + Air Leakage Laboratory Characterization Develop Field Data for 18 Wall Systems Field Analysis Validate MOISTURE-EXPERT Model Model Validation Weather Data HYGROTHERMAL MODELING System Optimization Parametric Investigations Material Properties Analysis for USA Climate Zones Development of Air Barrier Guidelines for Energy Efficient Wall Systems 68 Guideline Development

69 A Technical Leap - Air Barrier Integration to Building Enclosures Define 18 Building Envelope Walls for Air Barrier & Energy Efficiency Analysis Executive Committee (1-ABAA, 1-ORNL) ABAA DOE/ORNL ABAA Industry Members Steering Committee Scientific Members Steering Committee X1 X2. Xn DOE SU. BA X1...Xn = Industry Members 69 DOE = Department of Energy SU = Syracuse University BA = Building America

70 A Technical Leap - Air Barrier Integration to Building Enclosures Develop Field Data for 18 Wall Systems Committee for Test Building Construction (DOE, ABAA, INDUSTRY, University) Responsibility: Mr. Dalgleish (ABAA) ABAA Site Location & Preparation ABAA Architecturual Design/ Flexible & Interchangeable Wall ABAA Site Legalities & 3 year ABAA use with option for 3 additional years then (60 % SU and 40 % ORNL) ABAA Contractor Selection & Building/Inspection..Continued 70

71 A Technical Leap - Air Barrier Integration to Building Enclosures Develop Field Data for 18 Wall Systems Page 2/2 Committee for Test Building Construction (DOE, ABAA, INDUSTRY, University) Responsibility: Mr. Dalgleish (ABAA) ABAA ORNL Selection of Walls ABAA Industry Construction of Walls 1st set year 1 2 nd set year 2 ORNL Instrumentation & Data Acquitition ORNL SU Monitoring and Reporting 71

72 A Technical Leap - Air Barrier Integration to Building Enclosures Develop Field Data for 18 Wall Systems Multiplexer Instrumentation & Data Acquitition Modem Power supply CR10X DAS Wall Sensors Temperature sensors RH sensors Tracer Gas sensor Moisture Content sensors Pressure Sensors Vertical Rain Gauges Solar Sensor Accuracy Sensitivity Repeatability Fenwall Uni-curve 10K ohm thermistor Honeywell Hy-Cal Humidity Sensor HIH-3610 Series Wood moisture content sensors Heat Flux Transducer (Concept Engineering Model F Outdoor RH (Vaisala CS500) Wind Speed (R. M. Young Model Wind Monitor) Wind Direction (R. M. Young Model Wind Monitor) Rainfall (Texas Electronics Model TE525) Solar pyranometer, vertical (LI-Cor LI200X Solar pyranometer, horizontal (Kipp & Zonen SP-Lite Campbell Sci CR10X w/32 Channel multiplexer 72 Supply Voltage ±.2% - ±0.2% 2.5Vdc ±2% - ±0.5% 5Vdc ±2% within 8-30% MC - ±2% 12Vdc - (1.8 Btu/Ft 2 Hr)/Mv - - ±3% Vdc ±.4% ± Vdc ±1%@1 /hr ±3% 0.2 kw m -2 mv ±3% 10µV W -1 m ±0.1% of FSR Vdc Weather Station Temperature, RH Solar Radiation Rain, Solar Pressures

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78 The Project Information technology transfer, publications, etc. Both ABAA and the participants will provide technology transfer to the construction industry

79 The Project Conclusions: Make-up of walls is 65 % Commercial & 35 % Residential Research Pressure Dynamics in Walls 95 % of Air Barrier Industry is involved in Research Energy Efficient and Durable Wall structures

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81 The Project Purpose of presentation is to solicit input and comments of the research project Suggestions and recommendations are welcomed Send to Laverne Dalgleish Air Barrier Association of America Inc.