Occupational Health: The Anna Baetjer Course Bruce Lippy, Ph.D., CIH, CSP 5/5/12

Transcription

1 Occupational Health: The Anna Baetjer Course Bruce Lippy, Ph.D., CIH, CSP Director of Safety Research, CPWR 5/5/12

2 Topics we will cover: 1. Fatality and injury data for the construction industry 2. Major hazards on construction sites 3. Managing and controlling construction exposures 4. Safety of green construction 5. Construction workers during disaster responses

3 Topic One Fatality and injury data for the construction industry

4 Rate of deaths from injuries in construction, selected countries, 2005 Italy Spain Deaths per 100,000 workers United States 11.1 Finland 9.8 Norway 7.0 Germany Australia Canada (Ontario) Switzerland Sweden

5 Rate of work-related deaths from injuries, by major industry, 2005 (All employment) Agriculture Mining Transportation Construction Rate per 100,000 full-time workers Public admin Wholesale and Retail Manufacturing Services Finance All industries

6 Rate of nonfatal injuries and illnesses with days away from work, by major industry, 2005 (Private wage-and-salary workers) Transportation Rate per 10,000 full-time workers Construction Agriculture Manufacturing Retail Mining Wholesale Utilities Services Information 74.7 Finance 25.9 All industries 135.7

7 Rate of work-related deaths from injuries, selected industries, (All employment) Rate per 100,000 full-ti ime workers Why does agriculture lead? Year Construction Agriculture Mining Manufacturing

8 Rate of nonfatal injuries and illnesses with days away from work, selected industries, (Private wage-and-salary workers) 600 Rate per 10 0,000 full-tim me workers Year Construction Agriculture Mining Manufacturing

9 Distribution of construction employment and work-related deaths from injuries, by establishment size, 2005 Employment (n=6,781,327) Work-related deaths (n=724) 27% 21% 39% 55% 24% 34%

10 Percentage of injuries and illnesses resulting in days away from work, by ethnicity and establishment size, % 43.4% 40% 37.9% 36.9% Hispanic % of nonfatal ca ases 30% 20% 24.8% 27.5% 15.6% White, non-hispanic 10% 0% 9.0% 4.1% 0.6% Establishment size 0.2%

11 Latino crew at the leading edge Photos courtesy of Robert Carr

12 Distribution of deaths from injuries in construction, o by age group, 1992 versus % 25% % of deat ths 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Age group

13 Distribution of nonfatal injuries and illnesses resulting in days away from work in construction, by age group, 1992 versus % 35% % of nonfatal inj juries 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Age group

14 Rate of work-related deaths from injuries, selected construction ti occupations, average Ironworker Power installer Roofer Truck driver Laborer Welder Helper Op engineer Foreman Electrician Heat A/C mech Brickmason Construction manager Painter Plumber Carpenter Drywall All construction Number of deaths per 100,000 full-time workers

15 Number of work-related deaths from injuries, selected construction occupations, Laborer Carpenter Foreman Construction manager Electrician Roofer Truck driver Op engineer Painter Plumber Ironworker Heat A/C mech Helper Welder Power installer Brickmason Drywall Number of deaths

16 Topic Two Major Hazards on Construction Jobs

17 Have you heard of the Focus Four hazards? Why does OSHA single them out? 1. Falls 2. Struck By 3. Caught in Between 4. Electrical l IUOE National Training Fund

18 Out of 2,355 total construction fatalities, 79% were Focus Four hazards! All Others 21% Electrical l Caught 11% in Between Struck By 24% Fall 34% 1,856 Focus Four fatalities in 2003/2004 (BLS) IUOE National Training Fund

19 Leading causes of work-related deaths, construction, Number of de eaths Year Fall to lower level Contact with electric current Highway accident Struck by object

20

21 0.33 sec./2 feet 0.67 sec./7 feet 1 sec./16 feet What happens when you fall? It takes most people p about 1/3 of a second to become aware It takes another 1/3 of a second for the body to react A body can fall up to 7 feet in 2/3 of a second 2 sec./64 feet IUOE National Training Fund

22 Distribution of causes of deaths from falls in construction, average Other (25%) From roof (33%) From girder, struct. t steel (8%) From ladder (16%) From scaffold, staging (18%)

23 Distribution of causes of injuries from falls involving days away from work, construction, ti 2005 Other (27.5%) On same level (34.0%) From roof (6.1%) From scaffold (8.3%) From ladder (24.2%)

24 What are struck-by hazards?

25 Powder-actuated hand tools What are the hazards? 37,000 people go to emergency rooms from nail gun injuries i every year The hazards are similar to those of firearms Sequential-trip trip triggers could prevent 65 percent of injuries What is wrong with this picture? Photo courtesy Laborers-AGC

26 Pneumatic nailers have been made safer Penetration checks must be made All proper PPE must be worn

27 Distribution of causes of trenching-related deaths in construction, ti Other causes (13%) Total = 159 deaths Struck by vehicle part (8%) Struck by vehicle load (8%) Cave-ins (71%)

28 Dedicated to Patrick Walters One of over 50 workers who needlessly die in trenching and excavation each year

29 What do we know about the 542 Patricks who died in excavations from 1992 to 2001? Average age was 38 Nearly half of their companies had less than 10 employees Nearly all were employed by private companies Cave-ins accounted for 76% of the deaths Recovery of Patrick Walters body

30 Is this a death trap?

31 Rate of deaths from electrocutions, selected construction occupations, average Electrical power installer/repairer Earth driller Helper Electrician Construction laborer Ironworker Welder, cutter Supervisor/manager Roofer Painter Heavy truck driver All construction Deaths per 100,000 full-time workers

32 Deaths caused by contact with electricity among electrical workers in construction, average Total = 124 deaths Other (7%) Lighting fixtures (17%) Electrical equipt & wiring (44%) Overhead power lines (32%)

33 Deaths caused by contact with electricity among non-electrical workers in construction, average Total = 238 deaths Energized objects (5%) Other (7%) Electrical equipt & wiring (15%) Overhead power lines (57%) Machinery & appliances (16%)

34 Topic Three Managing and Controlling Exposures on Construction Jobs

35 American National Standards Institute has a standard called, Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems ANSI/AIHA Z

36 ANSI Z10 focuses on the strategic levels of policy and processes Layers of Management System Implementation ti

37 Z-10 specifically uses the hierarchy of controls (Section 5.1.1) Most Effective Eliminationi Substitution Engineering Controls Warnings Administrative Controls Least Effective Personal Protection 4-37

38 ANSI Z-10 provides a framework built on a quality control model from business Plan Act Do Check

39 What key elements does ANSI, OSHA VPP and DOE ISM have in common? 1. Management leadership 2. Employee involvement 3. Hazard assessment 4. Hazard control 5. Worker training

40 Involving workers pays off! (Raines, 2011) Gallup (2006) surveyed 125 organizations and found top fourth of the companies scoring on worker involvement had 62% less accidents than the bottom fourth Molson Coors saved $1.7 million in safety costs in 2002 by strengthening employee involvement. Engaged employees were 5X less likely to have a safety incident and 7X less likely to have a loss-time incident

41 Let s face a real supervisor ss choice Commercial building HVAC / energy upgrades

42 Must lift the unit on the roof from the wrong side of the building

43 This could be the result. What do you do?

44 Training supervisors reduces lost-time injuries (Constr Safety Assoc of Ontario)

45 Getting to root causes isn t easy. Go beyond blaming the workers. Scrubbing tower dropped 10 feet from large tanks of acid

46 Here are the main systems for working safely on roofs. Any preferences? Safety Monitors Fall Arrest Guardrails and warning lines IUOE National Training Fund

47 What practices are needed when working around holes? Cover holes with materials of adequate strength and ensure they are secured Mark covers so workers know there are holes underneath Use guardrails IUOE National Training Fund Photo courtesy of Laborers-AGC

48 How can we apply the hierarchy h to skylights?

49 Trench shields or trench boxes are intended to shield workers from cave-ins Photo courtesy Trench Shoring Services

50 Topic Four Safety of Green Construction

51 Our current building costs are unsustainable 40% of raw materials consumed globally are used by the building construction industry U.S. building construction: Uses 68% of total electricity consumption Creates 38% of carbon dioxide emissions Uses 12% of potable water Creates 272 million tons of construction and demolition waste annually Source: The Guide to Green Buildings

52 Examples of green construction projects Wind turbine Rooftop rain garden Modular, insulated wall units

53 Green roofs have many advantages A green roof in Chicago, courtesy of the City of Chicago

54 Can you think of any disadvantages? This 2 300sf high rise green roof is part of a modern building This 2,300sf high-rise green roof is part of a modern building construct. A crane was used to lift the soil and gravel onto three floors, courtesy DCGreenworks.org and the IUOE

55 Weatherization is an important part of green construction. What risks from spray insulation?

56 City Center, Las Vegas

57 How many construction site deaths should there be to make a building not green regardless of the environmental benefits?

58 Topic Five Construction workers during disaster responses

59 Why do disaster sites present greater risks?

60 Greater chances are taken, like at the World Trade Center. What is the violation here?

61 What were the most deadly disasters from ? kes ds Earthquakes Frequency Frequency Wildfires Hurricanes Floods Tornadoes Landslides Avalanches Ice Storms Blizzards Disaster type Bureau of Labor Statistics Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, 2007

62 Activities during hurricane-related fatalities (Fayard, APHA, 2006) Other (16%) Law and order (6%) Restoring public utilities (8%) Restorative construction (26%) Cleanup, debris removal, tree trimming (44%) What is the lesson here? Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, 2007

63 Tornado destruction poses serious risks for cleanup and disposal Check OSHA s website for guidance Clean-up of F5 tornado in Greenburg, KS, May 07 Disposal and burning of debris at the Greenburg dump, nearly entire town needed to be burned Photos by Greg Henshall, FEMA.

64 Ice storms pose particular falling debris hazards for responders Republic, MO, A loader on debris pile after an ice storm created two million cubic yards of debris. FEMA Photo/Michael Raphael