BUILDING INDUSTRY CHALLENGES AND BIM WEEK #2

Transcription

1 BUILDING INDUSTRY CHALLENGES AND BIM WEEK #2 PROJECT AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM I.T.U INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ITU FAC.ULTY OF ARCHITECTURE SPRING SEMESTER 1

2 WHAT IS BIM? 3B modeling software collaboration platform integrated project environment project management tool building simulation environment data exchange standard 2

3 UTILIZATION AREAS OF BIM It is a working approach that is based on (1) creating a 3D building model that consists of all graphic (geometry/form, etc.) and alphanumeric (material, cost, performance data) project information and (2) allowing all project parties to share it throughout the lifecycle of a building. 1. 3D Virtual building and Visualization 2. Simulation and Design 3. Project documenting and collaboration 4. Construction Management 5. Building life cycle support 3

4 BUILDING INDUSTRY TRENDS SUPPLY AND DEMAND Building construction consumes 40% of global raw materials. Source: Roodman and Lenssen, 1995, Worldwatchpaper 124. This comsumption rate exceeds 75% when including all other man made immovable structures such as bridges, roads, dams. etc. The use of raw material per person in the USA is 10 metric tons as compared to 2 metric tons in Source: Matos and Wagner, 1998, Annual Review of Energy and the Environment. Raw Material Consumption in the USA - Source: U.S. Geological Survey 4

5 BUILDING INDUSTRY TRENDS ENERGY CONSUMPTION Construction requires large amounts of energy for processes such as: mining and dredging aggregates and stone producing basic construction materials like cement, bricks and blocks manufacturing a large range of construction products like insulation boards, windows and coatings transporting construction products and materials operating site vehicles, plant and other construction machinery In the United States alone, buildings also account for 39% of total energy use, 68% of total electricity consumption, and 38% of total carbon dioxide emissions Source: U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) 5

6 BUILDING INDUSTRY TRENDS WASTE DISPOSAL Construction waste is anything generated as a result of construction and then abandoned, regardless of whether it has been processed or stockpiled. It comprises surplus materials from site clearance, excavation, construction, refurbishment, renovation, demolition and road works. In 1998, 136 million tons of buildingrelated waste is generated in the U.S. annually, which is 25% to 40% of the national solid waste stream. A 2003 update shows an increase to 164,000 million tons annually, of which 9% is construction waste, 38% is renovation waste, and 53% is demolition debris. Source: US Environmental Protection Agency 6

7 EXPECTATIONS SUSTAINABILITY & PRODUCTIVITY CONCERNS Existing working trends for building industry is not sustainable considering the limited resources of the world. Energy Concumption by sector ( Source: Đzoder ısı yalıtım raporu, 2010) By building with less energy and fewer raw materials By constructing higher quality buildings with less cost By generating less waste during construction Need for increasing productivity and efficiency Efficiency The amount of error-free work performed over time. Productivity The quality of work performed. Global CO 2 emission (Source: International Energy Agency, EIA) By building more durable buildings with less energy consumption while being occupied 7

8 EXPECTATIONS SUSTAINABILITY & PRODUCTIVITY CONCERNS The Architecture 2030 initiative Building Energy Performance Law Requirement for obtaining Energy ID for buildings Green Building Certificates 8

9 CHALLENGES: FRAGMENTED NATURE OF BUILDING INDUSTRY In building industry there is not a single entity commands sufficient market share to demand greater efficiency and productivity thoughout supply chain which is different some other industries The building industry is highly fragmented -- millions of customers, end users, service providers, product manufacturers,.. 39 building decision makers (Source: Kirk and Spreckelmeyer) 9

10 CHALLENGES: BUILDING IS A FIELD ACTIVITY Markets for many building industry goods and services tend to be local or regional. Most construction remains a field activity. The supply and quality of labor is more difficult to control. The wather affects working conditions and schedules. Construction remains largely a craft process despite an increase in the number, type and mechanised tools in the last fifty years. 10

11 Enterprises need to optimise their own operations. Process engineering Systems Approach WHAT TO DO Data/Software Interoperability Interoperability issues: Data translation Data redundancy Data coordination 11

12 DATA STANDARDS AS A WAY TO ACHIEVE DATA INTEROPERABILITY Defacto CAD data standards: DXF, DWG STEP Data for the building life cycle Combines graphic and alphenumeric data

13 DATA STANDARDS IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) To respond the expectations of the buildign sector for better data standard for interoperability IAI (International Alliance for Interoperability) was establihed. It is presently known as IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) by IAI (International Alliance for Interoperability) Popularity of BIM software Recording an IFC file (Graphisoft ArchiCAD)

14 EUROPEAN BIM DIRECTIVE European Union Public Procurement Directive on January 15th, 2014: All the 28 European Member States may encourage, specify or mandate the use of BIM for publicly funded construction and building projects in the European Union by The UK, Netherlands, Denmark, Finland and Norway already require the use of BIM for publicly funded building projects.

15 BIM for interoperability To constitute a common language among the participants of building practıce BIM as Systems Approach Main is idea is to produce a 3D building model and extract all representations and performance analysıs from it in an integrated and easily updatable manner

16 BIM FUNDAMENTALS Architectural elements are used to compose a 3D model All architectural ortographic representations (plans, sections and elevations) and project documentations (schedules for example) are generated from this 3D modl

17 BIM FUNDAMENTALS Typical geometric and alphanumeric attributes for an architectural element

18 BIM FUNDAMENTALS Sharing information with project participants Modifying in coordination in authorized areas of the project Working toghether on the same document simultaneoulsy CONCEPTUAL DESIGN DESIGN AND DOCUMENTATION SHOP DRAWINGS CONSTRUCTION MAINTENANCE

19 BIM FUNDAMENTALS Sun Light Analysis Calculation of natural and artifial lights Shading and Reflection Analysis Sun, shading and reflections can be viewed interactively. Project Management Creating 4D modeling by adding time factor. Thermal Analysis HVAC claculations foranyformsand zones.. Acoustics Analysis Calculating the best acoustic performace for acoustically sensitive spaces Structural Analysis Creating structural models and calculating structural loads.

20 TRADITIONAL CAD Autocad drawing Based on geometry consisting of entities such as lines and arcs. The end product is wireframe digital model of a building Mainly have 2D capabilities. Needed to be exported to other packages for 3d modeling, visualization and analysis Mimics traditional pen and paper practices All project documents are generated independetly. Revising project elements is a cumbersome process. Ignores non-graphic information that includes measurable textual and numeric qualities of designs. 20

21 SHORTCOMINGS OF TRADITIONAL CAD Representation media: 2D plans, sections, elevations and details, all independent and not linked for ease of updating Generally lack of 3D models Only graphic information Need for project information exhange between project parties Communication problems Extensive Revisions Delays in Project completion Additional cost