CONDITION OF THE INFIELD

Transcription

1 CONDITION OF Safety Outcome THE INFIELD

2

3 THEGOOD THEBAD & THEDIRTY

4 ANATOMY of an INFIELD SKIN

5 COMPOSITION Marbles in a Jar Particles vary in size Larger particles create void space Smaller particles fill the void space Variety of particle sizes needed for optimum density

6 COMPOSITION Sand SHAPE Low/Med Sphericity, Sub-Angular to Sub-Rounded Too Round = Resisting Compaction Too Angular = Excessive Compaction SIZE Very Fine Fine Coarse Very Coarse Medium DISTRIBUTION 58-75% Overall Sand Content Depends on Who You Are 38-50% of Total Mix Should Be Medium to Very Coarse Sand

7 COMPOSITION Silt-to-Clay Ratio (SCR) HOW TO FIND IDEAL SCR RANGE

8 IDEAL SPECIFICATIONS Pro Water Access Maintenance Regular/Daily Limited Volunteer SAND (overall) 58-62% SAND (medium) 38-45% (of total mix) SILT & CLAY 38-42% (Combined) SCR (Silt Clay) Major /Minor League Ballparks, Division I Colleges/Universities

9 IDEAL SPECIFICATIONS Intermediate SAND (overall) 65-69% SAND (medium) 45-50% (of total mix) Water Access Maintenance Regular/Daily Limited Volunteer SILT & CLAY 31-35% (Combined) SCR (Silt Clay) Most Colleges/Universities, Some High Schools, Some Complexes

10 IDEAL SPECIFICATIONS Recreational SAND (overall) 70-75% SAND (medium) >50% (of total mix) Water Access Maintenance Regular/Daily Limited Volunteer SILT & CLAY 25-30% (Combined) SCR (Silt Clay) Most Schools, Most Parks

11 WRITING SPECS Poor Good Vague Material Description Lack of Quality Standards Fuzzy Installation Instructions Too Short Material Description Quality Assurances Project Site Conditions Proper Execution of Installation

12 MANUFACTURE Harvested Engineered Inconsistent Fluctuating Feeling Lucky? Precise Controlled Replicable

13 AMENDING INFIELDS Test Analyze Solve A soil test identifies exact infield composition Must have a particle size distribution Analyzing test reveals strengths and weaknesses Compare to Ideal Specifications Strategy and action determined by test results and analysis No More Guessing Classify and Compare Work with What You Have? YOU 1/3 Cost

14 TEST Sampling Testing Many can measure, few can analyze Minimum report includes: % of Sand, Silt & Clay Distribution of sand sizes Sand shape 1. Remove conditioners Gravel Soil Separate % Sand Silt Clay No. 18 V. Coarse 1mm No. 35 Coarse 0.5mm Sieve Size/Sand Fraction Sand Particle Diameter % Retained No. 60 Medium 0.25mm No. 140 Fine 0.10mm No. 270 V. Fine 0.05mm Collect sample 3. Fill a 1-qt. plastic zip bag

15 T.A.C.S. TEST Obtain Private Lab Test Report ANALYZE Read and Interpret Results Repeat Cycle Until Test Results Match Specification COMPARE Evaluate against Ideal Specs SOLVE Set Objectives and Choose Materials Install Materials to meet Objectives

16 TEST Particle Size Analysis Soil Separate (%) Sand Particle Size Distribution (%) Gravel Sand Silt Clay V. Coarse Coarse Medium Fine V. Fine > 2 mm mm mm mm 1 mm 0.5 mm 0.25 mm 0.10 mm 0.05 mm Typical Soil Analysis Report

17 ANALYZE: SIZE Particle Size Measured in microns 1 micron = millimeter (mm) 1 millimeter (mm) = 1000 microns SAND SILT. CLAY

18 ANALYZE: CASE STUDY Particle Size Analysis Soil Separate (%) Sand Particle Size Distribution (%) Gravel Sand Silt Clay V. Coarse Coarse Medium Fine V. Fine Who Am I? > 2 mm mm mm mm 1 mm 0.5 mm 0.25 mm 0.10 mm 0.05 mm High School Baseball Midwest ISSUES: - Imbalanced Base Soil Below Grade Water Access Maintenance Regular/Daily Limited Volunteer Recreational

19 ANALYZE: COMPARE: BEFORE v. IDEAL BEFORE Particle Size Analysis Soil Separate (%) Very Low Sand Particle Size Distribution (%) SAND (overall) Gravel Sand Silt Clay V. Coarse Coarse Medium Fine V. Fine Very High > 2 mm mm mm mm 1 mm 0.5 (combined) mm 0.25 mm 0.10 mm 0.05 mm Very High Silt & Clay SCR (silt clay) IDEAL SAND (overall) 47.2 Silt & Clay (combined) 52.8 SCR (silt clay) 6.14 Very Low SAND SAND (medium) (medium) 10.6 >50 SAND (very fine) 16.3 Recreational

20 ANALYZE: BEFORE VISUAL Sand Silt Clay mm mm mm 7.4. V. Coarse Coarse Medium Fine 1 mm 0.50 mm 0.25 mm 0.10 mm V. Fine 0.05 mm 16.3

21 SOLVE Two Objectives 1. To Balance Base Soil Increase Overall Sand Increase Medium Sand / Reduce Very Fine Sand Increase Clay Reduce SCR 2. To Bring Infield to Grade Add Engineered Infield Mix

22 SOLVE: IMBALANCED SOIL Amend Base Soil Material Engineered Soil Component #1 50% USGA Sand - with 75% retained on med. sieve - with < 3% very fine sand Component #2 50% < 50 micron Silt & Clay - SCR: /50 Engineered Infield Amendment Method 1. APPLIED 22 tons per 10,000 sq.ft. 2. TILLED to 3-inch depth 3 ways

23 SOLVE: BELOW GRADE Increase Volume Material Engineered Infield Soil - Recreational Sand (overall) 70-75% Sand (medium) >50% (of total mix) Silt & Clay (combined) 25-30% SCR (silt clay) Method 1. APPLIED as needed to grade 48 Tons 2. TILLED to depth of 2 inches 3. FINISHED GRADE

24 ANALYZE: COMPARE: AFTER v. IDEAL AFTER Particle Size Analysis Soil Separate (%) Match Sand Particle Size Distribution (%) SAND (overall) Gravel Sand Silt Clay V. Coarse Coarse Medium Fine V. Fine Match > 2 mm mm mm mm 1 mm 0.5 (combined) mm 0.25 mm 0.10 mm 0.05 mm Slightly High Silt & Clay SCR (silt clay) IDEAL SAND (overall) 72.5 Silt & Clay (combined) 27.5 SCR (silt clay) 1.20 Match SAND SAND (medium) (medium) 56.9 >50 SAND (very fine) 4.0 Recreational

25 COMPARE: BEFORE v. AFTER

26 COMPARE: BEFORE v. AFTER BEFORE AFTER REMOVE AND Clay REPLACE = $30,000 Silt Sand (v. fine) AMEND AND ELEVATE = $10,000 Sand (med.) Job completed in 1 day Sand (overall) Overall Sand Med. Sand Very Fine Sand SAVINGS = $20,000 Clay SCR Elevated to Grade

27 TOPDRESSING Benefits Moisture management Provides interface Types Calcined Clays Vitrified Clays Crushed Aggregates Diatomaceous Earth Improves playability Enhances appearance

28 CALCINED CLAY Clay heated to F Absorbs without changing physical characteristics Montmorillonite clay family Enormous amount of micropores Absorbs, holds and slowly releases water None Amendment Topdressing Drying Agent

29 VITRIFIED CLAY Clay heated to 2000 F Becomes a porous ceramic material Natural clays and shales Water passes more freely than calcined clay Slower absorption than calcined clay Avoid on high-sand content infields Amendment Topdressing Drying Agent

30 CRUSHED AGGREGATE Ground stone dust or fired brick dust Stone or brick Least absorbent Should be fine and not jagged Amendment Topdressing Drying Agent

31 DIATOMACEOUS EARTH Sedimentary rock made of fossilized remains Crushed and kiln-fired/calcined Organic rock Most absorbent High Silica content can create glare Very delicate breaks down rapidly Amendment Topdressing Drying Agent

32 COMPARISON Absorption + Displacement + Diatomaceous Earth Calcined Clay Diatomaceous Earth Calcined Clay Vitrified Clay Vitrified Clay Crushed Aggregate Crushed Aggregate - -

33 CHOOSING TOPDRESSING High Humidity Frequent Rain Retain less moisture so surface dries faster Light Winds Strategy Use less absorbent material Topdressing Calcined Clay Vitrified Clay Crushed Aggregate Diatomaceous Earth Note Blend in calcined clay to increase surface moisture

34 CHOOSING TOPDRESSING Low Humidity Moderate/Constant Winds Retain moisture to reduce displacement Strategy Use more absorbent material Topdressing Calcined Clay Vitrified Clay Crushed Aggregate Diatomaceous Earth Note Blend in vitrified clay or crushed aggregate to reduce moisture retention

35 APPLYING TOPDRESSING Amount ¼ - ½ inches Allow experience and conditions to guide you Never exceed bags of drying agent Methods Topdresser Spreader Shovel Frequency Nothing is permanent Erosion Use an indicator

36 MAINTENANCE Spiking Lip Maintenance Grade and Dragging