Smart Labs: Building Next Generation Labs While Maintaining Safety and Comfort

Transcription

1 Smart Labs: Building Next Generation Labs While Maintaining Safety and Comfort JAVIER NAVAR PAYAN, MSME, PE (MINNESOTA), CEM Senior Energy Engineer University of Minnesota

2 AIA Quality Assurance The Building Commissioning Association is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of the Completion for both AIA members and non-aia members are available upon request. This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

3 Learning Objectives 1. Fundamentals of Smart Labs 2. Smart Labs Design Features 3. Lessons Learned BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

4 Source BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

5 Assignable Space Energy Expenses Labs Other Space Labs Other Space BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

6 What are Smart Labs? Research facilities designed to use significantly less energy while maintaining occupant safety and comfort BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

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9 Smart Lab Design Features: High Efficiency Equipment BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

10 High Efficiency Equipment Reduces loads in the space Stirling cycle ultra-low temp freezers High efficiency lighting BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

11 Smart Lab Design Features: High Efficiency Equipment Ventilation BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

12 Source 12 BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October 2018

13 Ventilation VAV fume hoods and provisions for source capture exhaust connections BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

14 How are we reacting to what s going on in the labs? BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

15 Demand Control Ventilation Actively measures VOCs and particles in every lab BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

16 Source BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

17 Smart Lab Design Features: High Efficiency Equipment Ventilation Decoupling BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

18 Decoupling VAV FCUs Active chilled beams BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

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20 Source BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

21 Source BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

22 Smart Lab Design Features: High Efficiency Equipment Ventilation Decoupling BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

23 What s Next? How do we stay green through design, construction, and occupancy? BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

24 OUR STORY BEGINS At the concept phase BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

25 Design concepts We have a plan... DO: Ø Minimize loads (sensible, latent, ventilation) Ø Provide only the required ventilation level Ø Meet additional sensible loads with the most efficient source (decoupling) DO NOT: Ø Reheat Ø Operate equipment unless it serves a purpose BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

26 We have a plan... Enabling Technologies Ø Active Chilled Beam (ACB) Ø Fan Coil Units (FCU) Ø Demand Control Ventilation System Ø Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems (DOAS) Ø Passive Radiant Components (e.g. Floors) Ø Heat Recovery Wheels BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

27 Recipe for SUSTAINABILITY: SIMPLE, RIGHT? Ø Take the last design for a similar building type Ø Sprinkle on green tech to taste Ø Stir well Ø Issue CDs BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

28 NOT ALWAYS Poorly applied green technology = Poorly applied conventional technology BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

29 What went wrong, the impact, and how to fix it Examples of deficiencies: Design Assumptions Active Chilled Beams Fan Coil Units BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

30 Design Assumptions Example Original design: 80% fume hood use Actual use: 30% fume hood use Source BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

31 Chilled Beam Example Ventilation design intent was for 2 ACH ACB for lab sensible cooling VAV FCUs for high load alcoves and specialty spaces BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

32 Chilled Beam Example However The as-built performance was different. Instead of 2 ACH, most labs were operating at 4 ACH and reheating What Went Wrong? BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

33 We had a plan DESIGN CONCEPTS DO: Minimize loads (sensible, latent, ventilation) Provide only the required ventilation level Meet additional sensible loads with the most efficient source (preferably hydronic) DO NOT: Reheat Operate equipment unless it serves a purpose ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Active Chilled Beam (ACB) Fan Coil Units (FCU) Fan Powered VAV (PFVAV) Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems (DOAS) Passive Radiant Components (e.g. Floors) Heat Recovery Wheels BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

34 Why 4 ACH vs. 2 ACH? Design Goal: operate as close to 2 ACH as possible The balancer and controls contractor did their job per design drawings/specs BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

35 Why 4 ACH vs. 2 ACH? Because ACBs are constant volume devices. Once number/size selected, so is the airflow rate!"#$ = #'() (!+/'() #'() = (-. )012 )012/'() BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

36 But At 4 ACH the system was reheating ACBs only need to operate at design airflow when cooling BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

37 But Induction ratio is 1:3 at 50% flow The DDC system is programmable BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

38 Just a SMOP Later and BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

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40 FCU Example General exhaust in spaces with high sensible loads FCUs used to supplement the sensible cooling capacity Control FCU LAT and modulate the speed of an ECM motor to control space temp BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

41 FCU Example FCUs arrived with 3 speeds, not variable speed Medium speed was a bit short of design capacity Controls contractor proposed changing the sequence to cycle the fan on and off with load What Went Wrong? BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

42 We had a plan DESIGN CONCEPTS DO: Minimize loads (sensible, latent, ventilation) Provide only the required ventilation level Meet additional sensible loads with the most efficient source (preferably hydronic) DO NOT: Reheat Operate equipment unless it serves a purpose ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Active Chilled Beam (ACB) Fan Coil Units (FCU) Fan Powered VAV (PFVAV) Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems (DOAS) Passive Radiant Components (e.g. Floors) Heat Recovery Wheels BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

43 Sounded reasonable because FCU are installed in areas where high cooling loads are assumed With high loads the system will run all the time anyway If it runs all the time anyway then changing speeds isn t that important Besides, if the load is reduced the fan will turn off and you can t do better than off. Right? BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

44 Yes, you can do better With a centrifugal fan, capacity and power are not linear FCU fan power follows a cube law very closely! $%&' ( It will probably save energy to run at a lower speed BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

45 High Speed Power (Watts) Med Speed Flow BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

46 It s Not VAV, But It ll Do The analog output was installed, but not connected Install a staging relay to trigger the 3 fan speeds based on an analog signal Voilà, a VAV substitute of sorts. BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

47 Example FCU HIGH SPEED OPERATION Hours Watts kwh kbtu ON OFF MEDIUM SPEED OPERATION Hours Watts kwh kbtu ON OFF Modulating FCU fan speed saves 715 kwh/yr (about $70) and 2,442 kbtu/yr. With 70 FCU in the facility, the extra cost approaches 2 kbtu/gsf/yr, or around 1% of the total target. BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

48 Lessons (hopefully) Learned Be really careful with design assumptions Smart Labs concepts work together to produce a high performance building Realistic load estimates are key When it comes to sustainable design there is no secret sauce. Existing technologies can deliver very high performance BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October

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50 Javier Navar Payan MSME, PE(Minnesota), CEM Senior Energy Engineer University of Minnesota BCxA Conference Nashville, TN October