The Building Center of Japan

Transcription

1 The Building Center of Japan February 18, 2019

2 Structural standard measures against the national disaster, seismic Japan located on four seismic plate borders. We have amended the building standard structurally against past large scale seismic disasters. World map of seismic plates Japan neighboring area 2

3 Typical past seismic disasters and the scale of damages (1) The Great Kanto Earthquake(1923) The earthquake direct hit Tokyo and it s surrounding area, in a same time a fire broke out in all over the area. Approx. 370K buildings collapsed by this quake and fire. Approx.105K people died and missing. (2) The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake(1995) (disaster look) The earthquake direct hit Kobe and it s surrounding area. Approx.105K buildings collapsed, 6,434 people died. The statistics shows almost 80% of cause of death were crushed under collapsed buildings, furniture during the earthquake. (disaster look) 3

4 The past seismic disasters and the scale of damages (3) The Great East Japan Earthquake(2011) The earthquake direct hit north east coastal area of Japan. Quake magnitude was not quite huge, but the devastating TSUNAMI attacked coastal area and then apprx.19k people died and missing. The 90% of cause of death were drowning. (disaster look) 4

5 Changes in structural standard measures against the seismic disasters Major seismic disaster The Great Kanto Earthquake Niigata Earthquake Tokachi-Oki Earthquake Miyagiken-Oki Earthquake The Great Hanshin- Awaji Earthquake Established Urban City Building Act 1924 Structural calculation standard by seismic magnitude Amendment of structural standard Regulations by Horizontal seismic intensity method Established Building Standard Law Amendment of Building Standard Law Strengthen steel reinforce concrete standard Introducing two steps design method no damage under mid-size scale seismic no collapse under large scale seismic Certification program for seismic-resistant repair plan The most of building prior to1981 don t meet a new seismic standard Amendment of Building Standard Law (New Seismic Standard) Established Retrofitting promotion Act Niigata pref. Chuetsu Earthquake 2005 Fukuoka Earthquake Amendment of Building Standard Law Building certification, Interim inspection, Building performance certification by private accredited agency The Great East Japan Earthquake Amendment of Building Standard Law Dropout prevention of interior-ceilings 2016 Safety measure of Long-period ground motion 5

6 The Past Massive Fires and the Fire Protection Provision It was a big issue on the building administration to make a progress of countermeasure for flammability by past breaking out the big urban fires. Sen-nichi department store (1972) 118 deaths Taiyo department store (1973) 100 deaths Kawaji Prince Hotel (1980) 45 deaths Hotel New Japan (1982) 33 deaths Conflagration at Itoigawa city, Niigata (2018) 17 injured 6

7 Fire protection provision the restriction of main building structure 1.Regulations by type of use (Act-article27): required Fire-resistive performance on the type of Special Buildings depend on building stories and floor space. clarified the performance of main structure depend on a evacuation time (2014~) 2. Regulations by land district (Act-article 61, 62, 63): restricted a main structure performance in regulatory domain of Fire-Protection zones/quasi Fire-Protection zones. the roof shall be controlled a flying sparks by adjacent buildings. restricted the building openings located in threatened by the spreading fire. *Special buildings that require fire-resistive buildings Use Theaters, movie theaters, assembly halls or others Hospitals, hotels/inns, apartment houses, or others Schools, gymnasia, or others Department stores, markets, exhibition halls, or others Automobile garages, automobile repair shops, or others Warehouses, or others Floors for use Third or higher floors Aggregate of floor areas of the parts for use 200 sq m or more (audience area) 300 sq m or more 2,000 sq m or more 500 sq m or more 150 sq m or more 200 sq m or more The adjacent land boundary line Center line of mutual buildings exterior walls 2 nd fl. 1 st fl. 1 st fl. Threatened by the spreading fire 7

8 Fire protection provision the restriction of main building structure 3.Regulations of Large-scale wooden buildings (article 21): restricted to Fire-resistive building by mean height over13m (will be16m in 2019) and total floor space over 3000 m2 must be a Fireresistive building less the 3-stories building permitted with Quasi-resistive building structure Mean H: over 13m Restriction of the building mean height 4.Others: permitted construction of a Large -scale building by wooden large cross-section (1987) clarifying the positioning of Quasi-resistive (1993) restricted the performance of the Fire-resistive building (1998) Over 3,000m2 Restriction of the total floor space 8

9 Changes in other structural standard for the national disasters (1) Heavy Rain damage(1999) Debris flow disaster and landslides occurred around city of Hiroshima by heavy rains. It became extremely large scale and urban type sediment disaster. The countermeasure for this disaster(2001) The sediment disaster prevention act was established. The building has living space in landslide disaster special warning areas were mandated to have safety structure against the impact of sediment. disaster look source:hiroshima pref.hp (2) Heavy Snow damage(2014) The roof of gymnasium was collapsed by heavy snow with rain in Kantou-Koshin region. The countermeasure for this disaster(2018) The buildings(except multi-snow area, roof with large span and low gradient) were mandated to manage both snow load and snow with rain load in the structural calculation. disaster look source:mlit HP 9

10 The global warming solution under Paris Agreement 〇 Japan s promise draft of Reduction of GHG emission gas - Reduction 26.0% in FY2030 vs:fy2013 (25.4% vs:fy2005) Promise draft by sector FY2013 FY2030 Emission target (reference) Reduction Energy origin CO 2 1, % Industry % Commercial and oth % Residential % Transport % Energy conversion % CO 2 :unit(million ton) 10

11 Changes in energy consumption by sector Changes in energy consumption Changes in the share % PJ Vs 1990 Industry PJ Comm. + Resi. Industry Transport Commercial Residential Commercial Transport Residential FY FY Source:FY2015 Energy supply-demand track(agency for natural resource and energy 11

12 Outline of the Building Energy Efficiency Act Mandatory Measures Mandatory Large-scale Buildings Commercial Specific Conformity Judgement (over 2,000m2) Building Linked w/construction confirmation process Residential Obligation of notification In case not acceptable, warning Mid-scale Buldings Commercial w/public annauncement and penalty (Over 300m2 ー Less than 2,000m2) Residential Small-scale Buildings Top Runner Program Less than 300m2 Home Builder Obligation try-best Detached rebuild home if neseccary, recommend or order the next steps Incentive Measures 誘導(任 意)措置 Enhancement 性能向上計画認定 scheme authorization High energy performance home utilize exceptional floor-area ratio by application basis an exception required certification by accredited agency Conformed Building by Energy Efficiency Act certified labelling by accredited agency 12

13 Summary of schemes for implementation against the promise draft In order to implement our schemes, it is necessary to improve buildings and housing energy performance. We have advanced the following on next three issues. Issue #1 Expanding targeted mandatory buildings. Present data analysis Mid-scale(over300 m2 ) commercial buildings energy efficiency compliance rate : 91% Small-scale (less300 m2 )commercial buildings energy efficiency compliance rate: 57~69% (as of 2017) initiative Expand more targeted mandatory buildings, in commercial and residential both area Simplified the energy regulations Creation of adequate evaluation system and tools Issue #2 Promotion of supplying high energy performance buildings and housings Initiative Implement the enhancement of overall energy scheme w/ major Home Builders Promotion to build ZEB, ZEH and LCCM housing and building Issue #3 Enhancing energy performance on existing buildings and housing Initiative Promotion of building energy performance diagnosis, evaluation and retrofitting for existing buildings and housings Promotion of energy performance labelling in existing market of building and housing 13

14 Thank you.