Concrete Pavement Preservation 2018 TRC Transportation Engineering Conference May 16, 2018 Hot Springs, Arkansas

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1 Concrete Pavement Preservation 2018 TRC Transportation Engineering Conference May 16, 2018 Hot Springs, Arkansas Peter Taylor, PhD., P.E. 1

2 Outline Service Life Trigger Values Typical Treatments Diamond Grinding Full Depth Repairs Partial Depth Repairs Dowel Bar Retrofit Joint Sealing or Resealing Slab Stabilization/Jacking Cross stitching Summary 2

3 Service/Investment Maintaining the Service and Investment of a Concrete Pavement by Improved Designs and Cost-Effective PAVEMENT PRESERVATION TECHNIQUES

4 Life Cycle Thinking Which one was cheaper? To buy To own Resale Maintenance Cost of money 4

5 Life Cycle Thinking Agency income flat / shrinking Traffic growing Maintenance costs We have to be more efficient just to keep up Do we buy miles, or years? And how do we maintain them? 5

6 Service Life SHORT TERM PAVEMENT

7 Service Life LONG TERM PAVEMENT PDR and/or DG

8 Why Concrete Pavement Preservation Bellefontaine, OH

9 2018 = 125 th Anniversary 9

10 Asset Management What do we buy? Intended life Ability to resist the loads When do we work on it? Little and often Occasionally Later What sort of work? Rules of thumb Depends on the distress 10

11 Trigger/Limit Values for Preservation (JPCP) Start Programming Performance Indicator Trigger Value Limit Value Repair Trans. Cracking % of slabs cracked 5-15% of slabs cracked Partial, Full, Dowel Bar Repairs Joint Deterioration % of joints 15-20% of joints Partial-Depth Repair Joint Faulting 1/8 inch 3/8 1/2 inches* Dowel Bar Retrofit Roughness 90 in/mi 170 in/mi* Diamond Grinding 11

12 Typical Concrete Preservation Activities Diamond Grinding or Diamond Grooving Full Depth repairs Partial Depth Repairs Dowel Bar Retrofit Joint Sealing or Resealing Slab Stabilization/Jacking Cross stitching 12

13 Concrete Pavement Preservation Guide Contains 12 Chapters on Preservation Techniques Introduction Preventive Maintenance and Pavement Preservation Concepts Concrete Pavement Evaluation Slab Stabilization and Slab Jacking Partial-Depth Repairs Full-Depth Repairs Retrofitted Edgedrains Dowel Bar Retrofit, Cross Stitching, and Slot Stitching Diamond Grinding and Grooving Joint Resealing and Crack Sealing Concrete Overlays Strategy Selection 13

14 Diamond Grinding Remove surface layer using closely spaced blades Makes a smooth, level surface Provides longitudinal texture with desirable friction and low noise Frequently performed with other CPP techniques 14

15 Diamond Grinding 15

16 International Roughness Index (IRI) I-10, Katy Freeway, Houston 700,000 sq yds IRI (in/mi) Left Right Average Left Right Average Left Right Average Left Right Average R1 R2 L1 L2 Pre-NGDG 3-mo Post-NGDG 6-mo Post-NGDG Avg. Post-NGDG 16

17 OBSI Data (Level by Lane) I-10, Katy Freeway, Houston 700,000 sq yds 17

18 Full-Depth Repair Key Factors for Success Removal (4 min.) Dowel bar holes (grout vs. epoxy) Proper material selection Proper placement and curing Include as part of Partial-Depth Repair 18

19 Full Depth Repair 19

20 Partial-Depth Repair Key Factors for Success Proper selection of candidate projects Proper material selection Identification of repair boundaries Use of joint/crack reformers Achieving good bond Proper placement and curing 20

21 Partial Depth Repairs 21

22 Dowel Bar Retrofit Restores load transfer Reduces probability of pumping, faulting, and corner breaks Improves long-term rideability Increases service life 22

23 Dowel Bar Retrofit 23

24 Pavement Age vs. DBR Placement Age (years) Contract Number Washington DOT PCC Age at DBR DBR In Service (2018) Portion DBR Out of Service) HMA Overlay Reconstructed 24

25 Slab Stabilization/Jacking Used for Sub Grade Repair Soil collapse Poor Compaction Loss of fines Restore support of slabs Reduce progression of Pumping Joint faulting Corner breaks Fill Void or Level Slab Grout 25

26 Slab Stabilization/ Jacking 26

27 Joint and Crack Resealing Minimize infiltration of water and incompressibles Types Hot pour Silicone Compressive seals Reservoir preparation Clean Shape Reduces: Subgrade softening Erosion of fines Spalling 27

28 Joint Resealing 28

29 Cross Stitching Used for longitudinal cracks that are in good condition Used to maintain aggregate interlock and provide added reinforcement to crack Strengthen longitudinal cracks Prevent slab migration Maintain aggregate interlock Prevent lane separation Prevent longitudinal joint faulting 29

30 Cross Stitching 30

31 Cross Stitching Top View Transverse Joint Cross sectional View See Note B Slab Subbase See Note A 24 in. min in. dia. Rebar Epoxy into Place T Cross stitch Holes (Typ.) (Alternate sides of crack) Note A: Distance between holes is 24 in. for heavy traffic; 36 in. for light traffic Note B: Determine distance from longitudinal crack to hole based on slab thickness T and drill angle. Slabs less than 12 inches thick require a 35 insertion angle. 31

32 Distress Guide 2018 Surface Defects Surface Delamination Material Related Cracks Transverse & Diagonal Cracking Longitudinal Cracking Corner Cracking Spalling Faulting Joint Warping and Curling Blowups Settlement and Heaves Focus: Identification Causes Prevention Rehabilitation Subgrades & Base Support Conditions CRCP Concrete Overlays, BCOA, BCOC, UBCOA, UBCOC Laboratory & Field Testing 32

33 Summary This is a challenging time for the transportation industry Innovative, cost-effective solutions are needed to meet these challenges Concrete Pavement Preservation (CPP) can extend pavement life significantly at a competitive cost Many CPP techniques provide sustainable benefits such as increased friction (safety), reduced noise, improved smoothness and long life When building roadways we must begin with the end in mind to ensure durable pavements are constructed 33

34 Any Questions? 34