Shelter / NFI Sector, Cox s Bazar Rohingya Refugee Crises Annex to Assessment of Shelter Upgrade Needs October 2017

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1 Shelter / NFI Sector, Cox s Bazar Rohingya Refugee Crises Annex to Assessment of Shelter Upgrade Needs October 2017 Review of Owner Driven Upgrades of Shelter in Kutupalong Refugee Camp.

2 Introduction On 14 October, the Shelter/NFI Sector carried out an inter-agency (IOM, UNHCR & Save the Children) rapid assessment of 12 households in Zone EE of Kutupalong Makeshift Camp using Key Informant methodology. This assessment focused on the needs of the new arrivals in the camp and their living conditions. As a comparative exercise the same agencies, with CARE joining the ranks, carried out an assessment of long term refugees in Kutapalong Refugee Camp and those who arrived in October 2016 and live in the Makeshift Camp. The group split into two teams with one team interviewing the residents who had arrived prior to the latest influx (about one year ago) and long-term residents of the camp who had been in the camp for 8 years or more. The intention of the assessment was to talk to the refugees about shelter upgrades, improvement to living conditions and to find out about cooking practices and cooking fuel. The teams also noted observations about site improvements made by the households and local communities. This document is supplemental to the original assessment in the Kutupalong Makeshift Camp and is intended to inform the development of a strategic framework for the second phase of the shelter/nfi response which has an objective of raising shelter standards and providing better living conditions. Typical Shelter in Kutapalong RC & Kutupalong MS Camps Common Findings / General Information: Larger accommodation per HH than those established by new influx up to 4 or 5 times bigger Higher ceilings Better ventilated partly because of location and partly because of construction Mud walls hand compacted; require some protection from rain (roof overhang / plastic sheeting) and regular maintenance; mud walls built in one month with concerted HH effort. Raised floors some cement screed but mostly compacted mud Roofs Tarp and plastic sheeting lashed down with rope and other fixings; some vegetation encouraged to grow on roof Interior of roof often insulated with cloth, plastic sheeting, cardboard etc. Doors and windows upgraded for improved security and ventilation Raised storage spaces for HH goods and food items Interior walls; often bamboo frame - separate sleeping areas Wash rooms Barrel for water storage Use of solar panels and car battery for lighting Households would like to use bamboo matting for walls but packed mud is a more affordable alternative.

3 Shelters & Observations: Household/ Period of Occupency HH1 1 HH2 1 HH3 1 HH Size Description of Shelter (including approx. size) 7 Bamboo frame construction with external mud walls and tarpaulin roof supplemented with non-shelter grade plastic sheeting. Lattice bamboo use on interior side of mud wall and for interior walls; Approx. 8m x 4m 6 Bamboo frame construction with bamboo matting or plastic sheet covered bamboo lattice walls; tarpaulin roof supplemented with non-shelter grade plastic sheeting. Lattice bamboo used for interior walls; Approx. 8m x 4m 3 Bamboo frame construction with combination of plastic sheet covered bamboo lattice walls and compacted mud walls; tarpaulin roof supplemented with non-shelter grade plastic sheeting. Lattice bamboo used for interior walls; Approx. 7m x 4m Upgrades Compacted mud walls; wooden door frame; hinged wooden door; door chain; compacted raised mud floor; separate kitchen and wash room; internal roof line insulated with various materials. Wooden door frame; hinged lattice/plastic sheet door; door chain; compacted raised mud floor; separate kitchen and wash room; internal roof line insulated with various materials. Raised storage spaces Compacted mud walls; wooden door frame; hinged wooden door; door chain; compacted raised mud floor; separate kitchen and wash room; vegetation grown on roof. Photos HH4 1 7 Bamboo frame construction with combination of plastic sheet covered bamboo lattice walls and compacted mud walls; tarpaulin roof supplemented with non-shelter grade plastic sheeting. Lattice bamboo used for interior walls; Approx. 10m x 4m Compacted mud walls with plastic sheet covering; CGI infill; wooden door frame; hinged CGI door; door chain; compacted raised mud floor with cement screed; separate kitchen; vegetation grown on roof. KTP RC, House 1 Est Resp onden t (Male, 29) Built by respondent in Concrete floor set up 2 month ago. Exterior: sheet metal and mud wall Interior: lattice Lighting / fuel for cooking: paraffin lamp. Latrines outside. Space divided up into 5 rooms (1 bathing area, 1 kitchen, 1 bedroom, 2 rooms). Frequent upgrade to the mud walls ( when the rain comes ) Mud and CGI walls; interior walls; floor screed KTP RC House 2 Est This building with mud walls is 2,5 years old after the respondent received approval from the Forest Department to erect this kind of construction. Earthen floor. Terracing of the hill to set up the row houses. Frequency of mud wall maintenance: twice a month during rainy seasons (partially protected by advanced roof and tarp). Cyclone preparedness: put stones on the roof. Stay at home when the cyclone comes. Fuel: uses firewood collected in the jungle bush, cook inside (smoky) Desired upgrade to the shelter: wish for stronger walls and roof

4 KTP RC House 3 Est Respondent (Female), living in the shelter 2 households 6 people including 3 children. Construction 12 years old and mud walls years old. The forestry department broke the shelter 3 times in the past as mud walls / semipermanent structures were not authorized. Advocacy from international community helped to encourage the Bangladesh government to authorize semi-permanent construction in makeshift settlements. Currently frequency of repair mud walls: once every week. Cyclone preparedness: Cyclone Mora broke their house and they took refuge in a camp school. Shelter door is locked but once when respondent was away someone broke in piercing a whole in the wall to steal some tarps. Common Findings / General Information: Photos illustrating some of the findings Interior walls bamboo/plastic Internal mud walls wash room CGI covered, wooden front door; wood door frame Cement screed floor Mud walls replacing bamboo lattice / plastic walls Added security with chain link for securing door Water storage Elevated Shelving / Storage space Site Improvement Works both at site level and at the household (localised) level

5 Bamboo bridge Improved ventilation Stoves & shelving Mud walls protected by plastic sheeting Cooking Stoves & Fuel: The assessment did not include a systematic questionnaire about cooking and fuel but the teams did seek information about this topic to better inform the broader topic. All the households in the survey, use a self-built mud/clay oven with (dried) wood used for fuel. The wood fuel can be bought at the market for BDT100 for a small bundle and up to BDT400 for a large bundle Many of the HHs send the children to nearby areas to collect firewood as they do not have funds to procure several protection issues were raised in connection with the practice of fuel collection. Sticks collected from nearby land is dried on the roof of the house (drying period = 1 week) or over the stove Some wood is stockpiled for the rainy season when drying will take longer

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