2012 IBC Assembly Means of Egress. Based on the 2012 International Building Code

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1 2012 IBC Assembly Means of Egress Based on the 2012 International Building Code

2 Overview This seminar deals with those means of egress provisions of the IBC that are intended to address the concerns related to assembly uses in buildings.

3 Overview Largest life-safety losses and building disasters have occurred within assembly occupancies. Some of the most notable losses in the United States include: Iroquois Theater (fire), Chicago, At least 605 dead Rhythm nightclub (fire), Natchez, Mississippi, dead Coconut Grove nightclub (fire), Boston, dead

4 Overview Most of these fires were found to have several common issues, many of which involve the means of egress system: Overcrowding. Locked or blocked exits. Flammable decorations or interior finishes. Lack of or inoperable sprinkler systems. People trying to get out the same way they entered. Failure to follow existing fire codes. Failure to exit promptly after the fire started. Using elevators during the fire.

5 Description This seminar will cover the aspects related to the means of egress in assembly uses including: classification of assembly buildings and spaces, general egress requirements in Chapter 10, special egress provisions of Section 1028, ICC 300 Standard for Bleachers, Folding and Telescopic Seating, and Grandstands, and selected additional provisions.

6 Classification of Assembly Buildings and Spaces

7 Overview The first step in addressing the significant hazards associated with assembly uses is their proper occupancy classification. Occupancy classifications allows the minimum standard provisions of Chapter 1 to be applied appropriately.

8 Overview The code makes a distinction between use and occupancy. Use describes the function of the room or building Occupancy is the code s approach to regulating various uses based on their hazard level Use is occasionally applied, such as: Occupant load determination Section 1028 Assembly Means of Egress provisions Occupancy is the primary consideration for provisions throughout the IBC.

9 Classification (302) Section of the IBC requires that all structures or portions of structures be classified into one or more of the occupancy groups listed in Chapter 3 of the code. Occupancies are classified according to the structure s purpose and function. Assembly spaces to be classified as Group A, except: Smaller spaces classified as Group B or possibly same as major occupancy Areas associated with Group E occupancies

10 Group A Classification (303) Group A assembly occupancies cover a number of uses and building types. Theaters Nightclubs Restaurants Art galleries Libraries Airport terminals Places of worship Arenas Stadiums Primary condition for classification as assembly space is DENSITY of occupants

11 Assembly Group A (303) Section thru Pages Assembly Group A Assembly Group A Assembly Group A Assembly Group A Assembly Group A-5.

12 Business Group B (304) Sections and allow small assembly spaces to be classified as a Group B occupancy. Code official must make decisions regarding the classification of certain uses to determine if they are appropriately classified as a Group B or a Group A-3 occupancy.

13 Small Assembly Spaces ( ) Section , Page 41 A building or tenant space used for assembly purposes with an occupant load of less than 50 is to be classified as a Group B occupancy.

14 Small Assembly Spaces ( ) Section , Page 41 A room or space accessory to another occupancy with less than 50 occupants or less than 750 square feet is to be classified as: Part of that occupancy, or Group B

15 Assembly Associated with Group E Occupancies ( ) Section allows rooms used for assembly purposes associated with a Group E occupancy to be classified as portions of the Group E.

16 Classification Example #1 Meeting Rooms 40 Occupants 40 Occupants Folding Door

17 Classification Example #2 Meeting Rooms 40 Occupants 40 Occupants

18 Classification Example #3 Restaurant 40 Occupants 40 Occupants

19 General Means of Egress Requirements in Chapter 10

20 General (Chapter 10) In evaluating a means of egress in assembly uses, there is a process that should be followed: General provisions of Chapter 10 are initially evaluated, beginning with the determination of occupant loads. Section 1028 is then utilized specifically where applicable. As Section 1028 is a more specific set of provisions, the requirements take precedence over those in Chapter 10 where conflicts occur. ICC-300 is applied for those seating systems that are not considered as building elements.

21 Occupant Load (1004) The determination of occupant load is critical in the evaluation of required fire and life safety systems for all buildings, however its application relating to assembly uses is even more important: Occupancy classification Design of the means of egress system Required fire protection features

22 Occupant Load (1004) Determine the occupant load of the assembly space or of the area served by a specific component in the egress system. The requirements for assembly spaces are not unique in this aspect, but a quick review of the general code requirements is appropriate.

23 Areas Without Fixed Seating (1004) 2012 IBC Table , Page 24 Assembly rooms are typical regulated as net floor area. Net floor area allows deductions for corridors, restrooms, wall thicknesses, and similar nonoccupiable areas.

24 Areas with Fixed Seating (1004.4) Occupant load is determined by counting the number of fixed seats. If the seating does not have dividing arms, the occupant load is determined as follows: One person for each 18 inches (457 mm) of seating length (general requirement). One person for each 24 inches (610 mm) of booth seat length where seating is in a booth.

25 Additional Occupant Load Provisions (1004) Remember that general egress provisions of Section 1004 also address: Cumulative occupant loads Where egressing through intervening rooms, areas or spaces Where egressing from adjacent levels such as mezzanines or stories Allowing increased occupant loads Outdoor areas Multiple occupancies or use of space for multiple uses

26 Posting of Occupant Load (1004.3) Every room or space that is an assembly occupancy shall have the occupant load of the room or space posted in a conspicuous place, near the main exit or exit access doorway from the room or space.

27 Posting of Occupant Load (1004.3) In multipurpose assembly rooms without fixed seats, such as those used for both classroom and dining purposes, it is appropriate to show each of those occupant loads on the sign. This establishes the appropriate occupant load for each use and helps prevent overcrowding conditions.

28 Posting of Occupant Load (1004.3)

29 Minimum Width Based on Component (1005.2) All means of egress components must meet the minimum width requirements established throughout Chapter 10, including: Doorways Aisles Corridors Stairways 32 inches 36 inches 44 inches (serving 50 or more) 44 inches (serving 50 or more)

30 Minimum Capacity Based on Occupant Load (1005.3) All means of egress components must also meet the minimum capacity requirements established in Section : Stairways: 0.3 inches per occupant 0.2 inches per occupant is used for fully sprinklered buildings also provided with an emergency voice/alarm communication system Other than stairways: 0.2 inches per occupant 0.15 inches per occupant is used for fully sprinklered buildings also provided with an emergency voice/alarm communication system

31 Distribution of Egress Capacity (1005.5) Where more than one means of egress is required, egress capacity may be distributed among the exits and/or exit access doorways such that: the loss of one exit or exit access doorway will not reduce the available capacity by more than 50%. Where more means of egress are provided that the number required, the egress capacity may be distributed among all complying exits and/or exit access doorways.

32 Means of Egress Illumination (1006) The general provisions for means of egress illumination also apply to assembly uses, except: Aisle accessways are not required to be illuminated. In auditoriums, theaters, concert or opera halls and similar assembly spaces are permitted to reduce the lighting to 0.2 footcandles (2.15 lux) during performances provided the illumination automatically returns to the 1 footcandle level when the fire alarm system is activated.

33 Door Hardware - Lock and Latch Requirements ( ) In general, egress doors shall be readily openable without use of a key, special effort or special knowledge. Section : Key-operated locking device is permitted on main exterior door(s) of Group A occupancies with occupant loads of 300 or less, provided: Sign posted adjacent to door Door to remain unlocked when building is occupied Use of device is revocable by building official

34 Panic and Fire Exit Hardware ( ) Doors serving rooms or spaces with an occupant load of 50 or more in a Group A occupancy shall not be provided with a lock or latch unless it is panic hardware. This requirement is not only limited to the room classified as Group A, but also all intervening doors until completion of the means of egress. Delayed egress devices are not permitted to be installed on doors serving Group A occupancies.

35 Single Exit Rooms and Spaces (1015) A single exit or exit access doorway is permitted where both the occupant load and the common path of travel do not exceed the limitations of Section Maximum Number of Occupants Maximum Common Path of Egress Travel (feet) Group A Common path is typically not a restriction due to density level of assembly uses.

36 Exit Access Travel Distance (1016) Travel from the most remote point within a story to the nearest exit shall not exceed the travel distance limitations of Table Without Sprinkler System With Sprinkler System Group A 200 feet 250 feet Travel is to be measured along the natural and unobstructed path, both horizontal and vertical travel as applicable.

37 Corridor Fire-Resistance (1018) Corridors shall be fire-resistance-rated in accordance with Table Occupant Load Served by the Corridor Required Rating without Sprinkler System Required Rating with Sprinkler System Group A Greater than 30 1 hour 0 (no rating required)

38 Stories with One Exit (1021) A single means of egress from a story is permitted when in compliance with Table (2). Group A Story First Story or Basement Above the First Story Maximum Occupant Load per Story 49 occupants Maximum Exit Access Travel Distance 75 feet Single Means of Egress Not Permitted

39 Means of Egress Review Example #1 Meeting Rooms 40 Occupants 40 Occupants Folding Door

40 Means of Egress Review Example #2 Meeting Rooms 40 Occupants 40 Occupants

41 Means of Egress Review Example #3 Restaurant 40 Occupants 40 Occupants

42 Means of Egress Review Example #4 Meeting Rooms 60 Occupants 30 Occupants

43 Means of Egress Review Example #5 Meeting Rooms 5 Occ 5 Occ 5 Occ 10 Occupants 30 Occupants 10 Occupants

44 Assembly Means of Egress Requirements of Section 1028

45 Assembly Means of Egress (1028.1) Rooms or spaces used for assembly purposes which contain seats, tables, displays, equipment or other materials shall comply with Section 1028, except: Bleachers, grandstands, telescoping seating not considered as building elements shall comply with ICC 300. In addition, the provisions of Section regulating egress capacity are limited only to aisles.

46 Assembly Means of Egress (1028.1) The general means of egress provisions of Chapter 10 shall apply unless revised by the provisions of Section Section 1028 applies to not only Group A occupancies, but to all spaces and rooms used for assembly purposes. Includes those assembly uses classified as Group E or Group B.

47 Assembly Means of Egress Special provisions of Section 1028 focus on: Required capacity, including smoke-protected seating Travel distance Common path of egress travel Minimum aisle widths Aisle accessways Aisles treads and risers Seat stability Handrails Guards

48 Assembly Main Exit (1028.2) Main Exit: Has sufficient width to accommodate not less than one-half of occupant load. Accommodates not less than the total required width of all means of egress leading to the exit. Front onto a street or an unoccupied space that adjoins a street or public way if the building is classified as a Group A occupancy. Minimum width of space is not less than 10 feet (3048 mm).

49 Assembly Main Exit (1028.2)

50 Assembly Main Exit (1028.2)

51 Assembly Other Exits (1028.3) Additional means of egress must also provide at least 50% of occupant load capacity.

52 Foyers and Lobbies (1028.4) In Group A-1 occupancies where persons are admitted to building at times when seats are not available, waiting is permitted in lobby provided required width is maintained.

53 Foyers and Lobbies (1028.4)

54 Balconies (1028.5) Balconies, galleries and press boxes with capacity of 50 or more shall be provided with at least two means of egress. At least one means of egress shall be provided on each side of the balcony, gallery or press box. At least one means of egress must lead directly to an exit.

55 Balconies (1028.5)

56 Width and Capacity (1028.6) Required width and egress capacity is determined by multiplying the occupant load served by the appropriate egress width factor. Consistent with other occupancies, the means of egress capacity is based upon the occupant load using the system. Intended application of Section is limited to aisles only.

57 Width and Capacity (1028.6) 2012 IBC Definitions, Page 33 Egress width factors for the various elements will depend on whether the assembly space has smoke-protected seating or not. Smoke-protected assembly seating is considered as seating served by a means of egress that is not subject to smoke accumulation within or under a structure. Applicable to both indoor and outdoor assembly spaces.

58 Minimum Egress Width Without Smoke Protection ( ) Element Width requirement per occupant served Limitations Stair 0.3 inch Riser height 7 inches or less Tread depth 11 inches or greater

59 Minimum Egress Width Without Smoke Protection ( ) Element Stair (additional width for riser height greater than 7 inches) Width requirement per occupant served inch additional width (see limitations) Limitations inch of additional width is required for each occupant for each 0.10 inch of riser height above 7 inches

60 Minimum Egress Width Without Smoke Protection ( ) Element Stair (egress in descent) Width requirement per occupant served inch additional width (see limitations) Limitations inch of additional width is required for each occupant on stairs not having a handrail within a 30 inch horizontal distance

61 Minimum Egress Width Without Smoke Protection ( ) Element Level or Ramped (Slope 1:12 Width requirement per occupant served Limitations 0.2 inch For slopes not steeper than one unit vertical in 12 units horizontal ( 1:12, 8%)

62 Minimum Egress Width Without Smoke Protection ( ) Element Ramped (Slope >1:12) Width requirement per occupant served Limitations 0.22 inch For slopes steeper than one unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (>1:12, >8%). Maximum slope of 1:8 per Stair required if >1:8.

63 Smoke-Protected Seating ( ) 2012 IBC Definitions Page 33 Smoke-protected Assembly Seating Seating served by means of egress that is not subject to smoke accumulation within or under a structure.

64 Smoke-Protected Seating ( ) 2012 IBC Table Page 275 Required capacity for smoke-protected assembly seating to be determined based on Table TABLE WIDTH OF AISLES FOR SMOKE-PROTECTED ASSEMBLY

65 Smoke-Protected Seating ( ) Where the reduced width allowances of Table are applied, a life safety evaluation complying with NFPA 101 shall be performed. In addition, the means of egress shall be provided with either: A smoke control system per Section 909, or Natural ventilation designed to maintain the smoke level at least 6 feet above the floor of the means of egress.

66 Life-Safety Evaluation Complying with NFPA 101 The Life-Safety Code (NFPA 101) defines a life safety evaluation as A written review dealing with the adequacy of life safety features relative to fire, storm, collapse, crowd behavior, and other related safety considerations. (NFPA 101, Section )

67 Life-Safety Evaluation Complying with NFPA 101 The life safety evaluation is to: Be performed by a person acceptable to the Building Official (NFPA 101, Section ). Shall include assessments of both building systems and management features upon which reliance is placed for the safety of facility occupants (NFPA 101, Section ).

68 Life-Safety Evaluation Complying with NFPA 101 The life safety evaluation is to: Shall consider scenarios appropriate to the facility (NFPA 101, Section ). Shall be approved annually by the Building Official or Fire Code Official and shall be updated for special or unusual conditions (NFPA 101, Section ). Shall include a written assessment of all of the specified conditions and appropriate safety measures (NFPA 101, Section ).

69 Smoke-Protected Seating - Smoke Control ( )

70 Smoke-Protected Seating - Smoke Control ( ) The lowest portion of the roof deck shall be at least 15 feet above the highest aisle or aisle accessway.

71 Smoke-Protected Seating Roof Height ( ) In an outdoor stadium with a roof canopy, the 15-foot clearance is not required where there is 80 inches clear from the highest aisle or aisle accessway to the roof canopy.

72 Smoke-Protected Seating - Automatic Sprinklers ( )

73 Smoke-Protected Seating - Automatic Sprinklers ( ) A sprinkler system is required for fully enclosed areas containing smoke-protected assembly seating, except: Press boxes and storage areas less than 1,000 square feet. Outdoor seating facilities where seating and means of egress are essentially open to the outside.

74 Smoke-Protected Seating - Automatic Sprinklers ( ) In addition, sprinkler protection is not required over the floor area used for contests, performances or entertainment; provided The roof construction is more than 50 feet above the floor, and The area is limited to low fire hazard uses.

75 Outdoor Seating ( ) The clear width of outdoor assembly seating with an occupant load of 18,000 or less is determined using the factors in Section For stairs and aisles, a factor of 0.08 inches per occupant shall be applied. For ramps, corridors, tunnels and vomitories, a factor of 0.06 inches shall be applied.

76 Assembly Seating Capacity Comparison 1. Outdoor smoke-protected may use Section for smoke-protected seating where it permits less width. 2. Minimum factor. See for additional with factors that may apply based upon stair configuration, handrails and direction of travel. 3. Ramp factors are dependent upon whether slope is steeper than 1:12 or not. See Section , Item 4.

77 Travel Distance (1028.7) The limits on travel distance of 200 feet (nonsprinklered) and 250 feet (fully sprinklered) are consistent with the general requirements.

78 Travel Distance (1028.7) In smoke-protected assembly seating, travel distances are extended. For open air seating, travel distance: Is limited to 400 feet in Type III, IV and V buildings Unlimited in Type I and II buildings

79 Common Path Of Egress Travel (1028.8) 2012 IBC Definitions, Page 15 The common path of egress travel is that portion of exit access which occupants are required to traverse before two separate and distinct paths of egress travel to two exits are available. Paths that merge are common paths of travel. Common paths of egress travel limits in assembly seating areas are typically more restrictive than the general provisions.

80 Common Path of Egress Travel (1028.8) Common path limited to: 30 feet typically 50 feet in smokeprotected seating areas 75 feet where areas seating less than 50

81 Path Through Adjacent Row ( ) Where one of two paths of travel is across the aisle through a row of seats to another aisle, the number of seats between the adjacent aisles when traversing through the aisle accessway is limited to: 24 seats (general requirement) 40 seats if smoke-protected assembly seating

82 Path Through Adjacent Row ( ) Clear width between adjacent rows when traversing through the aisle accessway: 12 inches plus 0.6 inch (304.8 plus 15.2 mm) for each seat greater than seven in the row between the aisles (general requirement) 12 inches plus 0.3 inch (304.8 plus 7.6 mm) for each seat greater than seven in the row between the aisles if smoke-protected assembly seating

83 Path Through Adjacent Row ( )

84 Minimum Aisle Width ( ) Regardless of the required capacity based on the occupant load served by an aisle, minimum aisle widths are also established based on a variety of conditions. The greater of the calculated width and the component width shall be provided.

85 Minimum Aisle Width ( and )

86 Minimum Aisle Width Example Minimum clear width required for a stepped aisle serving seating on both sides is 48 inches. In an area without smoke-protection a stepped aisle is required to provide at least 0.3 inch of width for each occupant served (Section , item 1). Assuming the aisle serves 180 people, the minimum width to provide sufficient egress capacity for the number of people accommodated is 54 inches (180 x 0.3" = 54"). Therefore the aisle must be 54 inches in width and cannot use the 48 inch minimum specified in Section , Item 1.

87 Aisle Width ( ) Aisle widths are based upon a distribution of occupants among the available means of egress. These catchment areas assume a balanced use of all means of egress.

88 Converging Aisles ( ) Where aisles converge into a single path, the required capacity is based on the combined required capacity of the converging aisles.

89 Uniform Width ( ) Portions of aisles where egress is possible in either direction shall be uniform in required width.

90 Uniform Width ( )

91 Assembly Aisle Termination ( ) Unless in compliance with the dead-end limitations, aisles shall terminate at a cross aisle, foyer, doorway, vomitory or concourse having access to an exit.

92 Aisle Accessways ( ) An aisle accessway is that portion of an exit access that leads to an aisle. Therefore the aisle accessway is generally the starting point that the occupant must get through in order to reach the aisle and then ultimately to leave the room and reach an exit.

93 Aisle Accessways ( )

94 Aisle Accessway for Seating at Tables ( and ) Where seating is located at tables and counters, minimum widths are established based upon the specific condition.

95 Aisle Accessway for Seating at Tables ( and ) The required width of aisles and aisle accessways is typically achieved based on a uniform distribution of the established occupant load. The minimum widths established in Section are typically applied where: The actual occupant load exceeds the calculated occupant load as established by Section , or The occupant load is not uniformly distributed, or Inspections reveal a potential overcrowding condition.

96 Aisle Accessways Serving Seating in Rows ( ) Where aisles have 14 seats or fewer, the minimum clear width of the aisle accessway shall be 12 inches.

97 Aisle Accessways Serving Seating in Rows ( ) Where more than 14 seats, the width is increased at 0.3 inch/seat to a maximum of 22 inches. 100 SEATS MAXIMUM

98 2012 IBC Table Page 277 Aisle Accessways Serving Seating in Rows - Smoke Protected ( ) In smoke-protected areas, additional seats are permitted with 12-inch aisle accessways.

99 Assembly Aisle Walking Surfaces ( ) 1:8 slope is the threshold where the ramped/level aisle provisions are appropriate and where the stepped aisles requirements must be used.

100 Assembly Aisle Treads and Risers ( ) Tread depths shall be a minimum of 11 inches and be uniform. A maximum 3/16 inch tolerance is permitted between adjacent treads.

101 Assembly Aisle Treads and Risers ( ) Risers shall have a minimum height of 4 inches and a maximum height of 8 inches. Riser heights up to 9 inches are permitted where necessitated by slope of the adjacent seating to maintain sightlines.

102 Seat Stability ( ) Seats shall be securely fastened to the floor, unless: No ramped or tiered floor and 200 or fewer seats No ramped or tiered floor and seating is at tables No ramped or tiered floor, more than 200 seats fastened together in groups of three or less In tiered areas from flexibility of seating is integral part of function of the space and 200 or fewer seats Groups of 14 seats or less separated from other seating by railings, guards or similar barriers Seating intended for musicians or other performers

103 Aisle Handrails ( ) Handrails are required for ramped aisles having a slope exceeding 1:15 and for stepped aisles.

104 Aisle Handrails ( ) 3 exceptions eliminate or modify the handrail requirements. Ramped aisles with seating on both sides do not require a handrail if the ramp slope is no greater than 1:8. Where the side of an aisle is protected by a guard that complies with the handrail graspability requirements, a separate handrail is not required. Handrail extensions are not required beyond the top or bottom of an aisle stair or ramped aisle.

105 Discontinuous Handrails ( ) Where there is seating on both sides of an aisle, a center handrail shall be discontinuous with gaps at intervals not exceeding five rows. The purpose is to facilitate access to seating and permit access from one side of the aisle to the other. Where handrails are provided in the middle of aisle stairs, an additional rail is required approximately 12 inches below the main handrail.

106 Discontinuous and Intermediate Handrails ( and )

107 Guards ( ) Guards adjacent to assembly seating areas are specifically regulated for three conditions: Guards at cross aisles Guards that restrict sightlines Guards at the end of aisles Unless modified by Section , the general guard provisions of Section 1013 shall be applied.

108 Guards ( )

109 Guards ( )

110 Assembly Guards ( )

111 ICC 300 Standard for Bleachers, Folding and Telescopic Seating and Grandstands

112 Assembly Seating Bleachers ( and ICC 300) ICC-300, Standard on Bleachers, Folding and Telescopic Seating, and Grandstands, is adopted by reference in Section The standard addresses both temporary and permanent bleachers, folding and telescopic seating, and grandstands which are supported on their own dedicated structural system and are not constructed as part of the building. Such seating systems are required to comply with ICC-300 rather than the IBC.

113 ICC 300 The applicability of the standard is as follows: Provisions apply to both temporary and permanent installations. Temporary installations are those that are erected for less than 180 days in a calendar year. New bleachers, folding and telescopic seating and grandstands must comply with Chapters 1 through 4 of the standard. Existing installations must comply with Chapters 1, 2 and 5 of the standard.

114 ICC 300 The primary requirements of the standard are found within Chapters 3 and 4 which regulate the construction and means of egress requirements for the seating systems.

115 ICC 300 The main topics regulated in ICC-300 include: Location on lot for outdoor installations Structural design and support for interior installations Spaces beneath the seating system Clear height for the egress system and above seating area if a smoke-protected seating or outdoor installation with a roof canopy Fire alarm system requirements Accessibility for tiered seating areas Open spaces between footboards and seatboards Means of egress requirements

116 Construction Requirements (ICC 300 Chapter 3) Outdoor installations shall be located at least 10 feet from: Adjacent lot lines Other buildings on the same lot Unless exterior walls and openings of building protected

117 Construction Requirements (ICC 300 Chapter 3) Systems regulated by the ICC 300 standard are permitted to be constructed of combustible or noncombustible materials. Such systems are not building elements and therefore are not limited or regulated by the building's type of construction. They are also not to be considered as a part of the interior finish even when located within a building.

118 Spaces Beneath Seats (ICC 300 Section 305) Spaces beneath seating structures shall comply with the building and fire codes, including: Removal of combustible waste, or other materials. Fire separation where use of space is for ticket booths, toilet rooms or other purposes. Sprinkler requirements if enclosed spaces over 1,000 square feet. Any other applicable section.

119 Spaces Beneath Seats ICC 300 (Section 311) Where more than 30 inches above ground below, openings between seatboards and footboards shall not allow passage of a 4-inch sphere.

120 Minimum Number of Means of Egress (ICC 300 Section 404) The minimum number of exits from the seating area shall be based on the occupant loads established in Section

121 Exterior Installations Means of Egress (ICC 300 Section 404.3) In situations where the path of travel to the public way is not safe or achievable due to site constraints, security concerns or other reasons, Section allows the occupants of the seating facility to move to a safe dispersal area where they would be at least 50 feet away from the seating area and could safely wait until the exits are available or until the hazard is resolved.

122 Aisles (ICC 300 Section 405.1) Aisles are not required where 8 specified conditions are met.

123 Existing Bleachers, Folding and Telescopic Seating, and Grandstands (ICC 300 Chapter 5) Existing bleachers, folding and telescoping seating, and bleachers to comply with Chapters 1 and 5. Exception for tiered seating where top of seating not more than 30 inches above floor or grade below All tiered seating to be inspected and evaluated at least once a year by a qualified person. All folding and telescoping seating to be inspected to evaluate compliance with manufacturer s installation and operational instructions.

124 Maintenance and Repairs (ICC 300 Section 502) Existing tiered seating shall be maintained structurally sound. Materials used in outdoor installations shall be weather resistant. Wood to be naturally durable or preservative-treated wood Fasteners to be aluminum or other approved corrosion-resistant materials Spaces beneath or adjacent to seating structures shall comply with IBC and IFC.

125 Guards (ICC 300 Section 503) Areas of tiered seating located more than 30 inches above floor or grade below to be protected with minimum 36-inch-high guards. Not required where uppermost seat located less than 55 inches above floor or ground below Not required where next to a wall and space between wall and seating is less than 4 inches Except at foot of the aisle, minimum 26-inch-high guards permitted where higher guard would interfere with sightlines Open guards to restrict passage of 4-inch sphere, with 6 inches permitted at triangular opening at riser/tread/bottom rail.

126 Open Spaces at Footboards and Seatboards (ICC 300 Section 504) Openings at seatboards and footboards located more than 30 inches above floor or grade below to be closed such that a 4-inch diameter sphere cannot pass through. Not required where uppermost seat located less than 55 inches above floor or ground below

127 Relocating Existing Bleachers (ICC 300 Section 505) Relocating existing bleachers to a new location permitted where in compliance with Chapter 5, and: Foundations designed to support all loads Where indoors, floors to be designed to accommodate both live and dead loads associated with the movement of the seating Clear height of aisles, aisle accessways and other portions of means of egress to be at least 80 inches 15-foot clearance between highest aisle and roof to be provided where smoke-protected assembly seating is used (only 80 inches required to canopy where an outdoor installation) Electrical to comply with NEC Accessibility to be provided per IBC

128 Comparison of ICC 300 to IBC Requirement

129 Comparison of ICC 300 to IBC Requirement

130 Comparison of ICC 300 to IBC Requirement

131 Comparison of ICC 300 to IBC Requirement

132 Comparison of ICC 300 to IBC Requirement

133 Additional Provisions

134 Overview In addition, there are a variety of specific provisions throughout the IBC that selectively address means of egress in assembly uses, including special amusement buildings. The IFC also includes a number of egress provisions that may not occur in the IBC.

135 Special Amusement Building (202) 2012 IBC Definitions, Page 33 A special amusement building is any temporary or permanent building or portion thereof that is occupied for amusement, entertainment or educational purposes and that contains a device or system that conveys passengers or provides a walkway along, around or over a course in any direction so arranged that the means of egress path is not readily apparent due to visual or audio distractions or is intentionally confounded or is not readily available because of the nature of the attraction or mode of conveyance through the building or structure.

136 Special Amusement Buildings (411) The code requirements address many of the hazards related to special amusement buildings, including: Uncertainty of exit locations and access to them. Dark and confusing exiting system. Confusing or conflicting sounds and visual distractions. Lack of notification and awareness of fire (which led to additional people entering the building after the fire had begun). Flame spread of materials which lead to fire progression and smoke development.

137 Special Amusement Buildings (411) Note the key features are: The means of egress is not readily available or apparent The potential for sound or lighting which can distract or confound the occupants and affect their egress Buildings can be permanent or temporary Building could include a passenger conveying system or walkway through it

138 Special Amusement Buildings General (411.1) Special amusement buildings are classified as Group A occupancies where the occupant load is 50 or more.

139 Special Amusement Buildings General (411.1) Special amusement buildings are not regulated by Section 411 where smoke accumulation is prevented.

140 Exit Marking (411.7) Low-level exit signs and directional exit marking are required where the egress path is not readily apparent.

141 IFC Provisions Related to Places of Assembly Whenever dealing with assembly occupancies it is important to realize that the International Fire Code contains a number of requirements which are applicable and may include requirements that are not addressed within the IBC.

142 Operational Permits (IFC 105.6) Amusement buildings. (IFC Section ) Carnivals and fairs. (IFC Section ) Cellulose nitrate film. (IFC Section ) Exhibits and trade shows. (IFC Section ) Liquid- or gas-fueled vehicles or equipment in assembly buildings. (IFC Section ) Open flames and candles. (IFC Section ) Places of assembly. (IFC Section ) Temporary membrane structures and tents. (IFC Section ) Construction permits also required (IFC Section )

143 Emergency Planning and Preparedness (IFC Chapter 4) Chapter 4 of the IFC addresses the emergency planning and preparedness requirements. A number of sections affect the operation and use of assembly spaces (both indoor and outdoor).

144 Public Assemblages and Events (IFC 403) Section grants the code official the authority to require the owner, agent or lessee provide fire watch personnel to be on duty at places of assembly or events where they believe it is essential to the public safety. The duties of the fire watch personnel are listed in Section Crowd managers are required in larger facilities or events where more than 1,000 people will congregate.

145 Fire Safety and Evacuation Plans (IFC 403) Group A facilities used exclusively for religious worship which have an occupant load of less than 2,000 people are exempt from the fire safety and evacuation plan requirement. A plan is also required for any building with an atrium and a Group A occupancy.

146 Emergency Evacuation Drills (IFC 405) Evacuation drills are to be conducted for the employees of a Group A occupancy on a quarterly basis.

147 Employee Training and Response Procedures (IFC 406) Employees in Group A occupancies are to be trained in the fire emergency procedures described in their facilities fire evacuation and fire safety plans. Employees are to be trained as part of their new employee orientation and at least annually thereafter.

148 Use and Occupancy-Related Requirements (IFC 408) A detailed seating plan, occupant load and occupant load limit shall be included with the fire safety and evacuation plans.. An announcement regarding the location of exits is to be made in theaters, motion picture theaters, auditoriums and similar assembly occupancies used for noncontinuous programs.

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