Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Concrete with Municipal Solid Waste Bottom Ash from Incinerator

Transcription

1 Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Concrete with Municipal Solid Waste Bottom Ash from Incinerator Meenakshi Dixit [1], Atishaya Jain [2]*, Dinesh Kumawat [3], Arvind Swami [4], Manidutt Sharma [5] 1 Asst. Professor, Poornima Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jaipur. 2,3,4,5 B.tech Students, Poornima Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jaipur. Abstract: Concrete is the most widely used construction material because of its mouldability into any structural form and shape due to its fluid behavior at early stages. Fine aggregate used in concrete is mainly the natural sand and the sand obtained from the crushing of the stones, which all are natural resources. Municipal solid waste is tend to subject to landfill sites or open dumping. These are hazardous to the environment. Municipal solid waste bottom ash is the byproduct produced from the combustion of these waste. The waste when burns in incinerator posses various cementious and strength properties. In this project the fine aggregate is being replaced by these municipal solid waste bottom ash and as a form of admixture to achieve the conservation of resources and to make concrete economical. The physical and the chemical composition of municipal solid waste bottom ash is determined. The concrete mix of M2 grade is design by replacing fine aggregate partially with municipal solid waste bottom ash. The fine aggregate is replaced in various proportion of %, 5%, 1%, 15%, 2%, 3% and 4% by mass. All the test will be carried out on the grade of concrete at 28 days. The effect of municipal solid waste bottom ash on strength and durability properties of concrete such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, workability is to be investigate. work on use of municipal solid waste ash on the properties of mortar and cement. Shi H.S and Kan L.L (29) [2] carried out study to investigate the feasibility of application of municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash as an auxiliary cementitious material. The water demand for normal consistency, setting time, volume stability, flexural and compressive strength of municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash cement compound matrices were tested. The results shows that the MSWI fly ash has some cementitious activity, but the reactivity is relatively lower and its addition to cement may lead to retardation of cement hydration. After incorporation of common mineral admixtures, the strength of solidified body was enhanced and the effect of heavy metals may be reinforced. Keyword: MSW(Municipal Solid Waste), MSWI(Municipal Solid Waste Incineration), UPV(Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity). INTRODUCTION: Concrete is the homogeneous mixture of cement, sand, coarse aggregate & water. The cost of making concrete by conventional methods are increasing day by day, due to diminishing of the natural resources used in making concrete, as it for cement or sand. Therefore the properties of other materials like flyash, blast furnace slag, silica fumes are being examined for the partial replacement of both types of aggregate in concrete. Municipal solid waste ash is also such material which is the by product produced from the combustion of municipal solid waste and can be used to replace cement and sand in the concrete. Depending upon the type of incineration plant, ash is typically 1-3% by wet weight and 5-15% by volume of the wet municipal solid waste. The amount and properties of municipal solid waste ash varies from plant to plant depending upon type of incinerator and air pollution control technology. These ashes could be potentially used in concrete, road pavements, embankment, ceramics and glass. The bottom ash constitutes 7-8% of the total combined ash stream[1]. The bottom ash has the most convenient use in concrete. Many researchers like Shi H.S and Kan L.L[2], Siddiquee R.[3], Keppert M.et al[4], Sharma M.et al[5] have published there Siddiquee R. (21) [3] reported the physical, chemical and mineralogical compostion, and elemental analysis of municipal solid waste ash. It also covers the effect of municipal solid waste ash on the compressive strength, chloride resistance and shrinkage of concrete. It also deals with the leachate analysis of municipal solid waste ash. Researcher concluded that municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash have good chemical and physical quality for the production of concrete mixtures. The municipal solid waste bottom ash could be suitably used as an aggregate in concrete. The 28 day strength of 25 MPa of concrete could be achieved with 5% of bottom ash. The sintering process of untreated Municipal solid waste fly ashes proved to be ineffective for manufacturing sintered products for reuse as a construction material. Municipal solid waste bottom ash ISSN: Page 74

2 has no negative effect on the durability of concrete, when all the reactions due to metallic aluminum were avoided. Keppert M.et al (212)[4] investigated the use of municipal solid waste incinerator ashes in concrete production, as it is done with coal combustion products. Untreated bottom ash was used as partial replacement of sand in concrete. Strength was not negative effected up to 1% replacement; the prepared concrete had sufficient durability. The longer time behavior of concrete material due to presence of sulfates and chlorides in bottom ash. The 28 days compressive strength of material 1% sand replacement was comparable with the reference concrete, the 9 days strength was lower. The frost resistance of bottom ash containing concrete was very good. Sharma M.et al (214)[5] investigated the use of municipal solid waste ash in concrete. The concrete mix of M2 and M25 was designed and produced by replacing with Muncipal solid waste with sand partially. Natural sand was replaced with %,5%,1% and 2% with municipal solid waste ash by weight. The compression test, split tensile strength test and ultrasonic pulse velocity test were carried out to evaluate the properties of both grade of concrete mix. The 28 days compressive strength were increased by 19.6% and 12.6% in M2 and M25 concrete respectively. Investigator concluded that the concrete made by replacing 1% of natural sand have better compressive strength, split strength and UPV value. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS: Materials: 1. Cement Ordinary Portland cement was used. It was tested as per Indian Standard Specification. The cement was tested for various properties as per IS 8112:1989. (table 1) Physical properties of Ordinary Portland Cement Physical properties Le chat expansion 3 day compressive strength (MPa) 7 days compressive strength (MPa) 28 days compressive strength (Mpa) Test result 7mm Specific Gravity 3.12 Standard Consistency (%) 3 2. Aggregate Natural coarse sand having 4.75 maximum size particles was used. It was tested as per Indian Standard IS: Properties Specific Gravity Fineness Modulus Water Absorbtion Fine aggregate Municipal Solid Waste Bottom Ash Coarse aggregate Chemical Composition Of Municipal Solid waste bottom ash as per Jaipur Nagar Nigam Data. Constit uent Value( %) Si Ca Al K F e Reinforcement M g 3. 2 N a 2. 3 P 2. 5 Cl. 52 Reinforcement was provided for ultra sonic pulse velocity test. The grade of steel used is Fe-415. Preparation Of Specimen And Casting: The concrete cubes of size 15*15 mm were cast for the compressive strength test and cylinders of 15 mm dia *3 mm height for splitting tensile strength test. The rectangular cube for ultra sonic pilse velocity test of 3*1 mm were casted. Test specimens were moulded for 24 hours and then they were placed in the curing tanks for respectively 7 and 28 days. Testing : The compressive strength tests were conducted as per IS 516:1959. The splitting tensile strength tests was performed in accordance with IS 5816:1999. The slump test (workabilty) was carried out as per IS 1199:1959. The Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity tests were conducted as per IS 13311(1):1992. The Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity test is used to asses the quality of concrete. The specimen prepared for this consisted reinforced steel bars. As to check whether the bottom ash is producing toxidity in concrete or to examine ISSN: Page 75

3 whether it is corroding the steel bars, this test was included in the research. The test were performed at the age of 28 days. The quality of concrete was determined from the path length of wave in ratio with time taken by the wave. Pulse velocity = Path Length / Time taken The quality of concrete is evaluated as by the pulse velocity in Kilometre Per Second. Concrete Mix Proportion: Mix No. MSW ash (%) MSW ash Natural Sand W/C Ratio Water M- 1 M-2 M-3 M-4 M-5 M-6 M The increase in 28 days compressive strength of concrete mix M-2, M-3, M-4, M-5, M-6 and M-7 with M-1 are 11.2%, 15.5%, 21.48%, 25.92%, 17.78% and 14.81%. The compressive strength of mixes M-2, M-3, M-4, M-5, M- 6 and M-7 at 28 days increased by 8%, 91%, 93.75%, 11.22%, 17.31%, 96.9% and 92.57% respectively as compared to compressive strength at 7 days. The concrete were designed as per IS 1262:29 having 28 days compressive strength of 27 Mpa. The seven concrete mixes M-1(% bottom ash), M-2(5% bottom ash), M-3(1% bottom ash), M-4(15% bottom ash), M-5(2% bottom ash), M-6(3% bottom ash) and M-7(4% bottom ash) made by replacing the fine aggregate partially with municpal solid waste bottom ash. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Compressive Strength: Compressive strength of concrete mixes of M-2 grade made with and without bottom ash was determined at 7 and 28 days. The compressive strength of all the mixes increase with age. From the testing it was evaluated that the 7 days compressive strength of mixes M-2(5% of bottom ash), M- 3(1% of bottom ash), M-4(15% of bottom ash), M-5(2% of bottom ash), M-6(3% of bottom ash) and M-7(4% of bottom ash) increases as compared to M-1(% of bottom ash). The increase in compressive strength of concrete mix M-2, M-3, M-4, M-5, M-6 and M-7 from M-1 at 7days strength is 4.66%, 8%, 8.64%, 9.34%, 7.64% and 7.32% respectively Splitting Tensile Strength: 7 Days 28 Days The splitting tensile strength of M-2 grade municipal solid waste bottom ash concrete was determined at age at 7 and 28 days. From the results, it was clear that 28 days split tensile strength of mixes M-2, M-3, M-4, M-5, M-6 and M- 7 increases at all replacement level with age. The increase in splitting tensile strength of concrete mix M- 2, M-3, M-4, M-5, M-6 and M-7 from M-1 at 7days strength ISSN: Page 76

4 is 1.17%, 8.82%, 17.64%, 13.5%, 8.82% and 5.8% respectively. The increase in 28 days splitting tensile strength of concrete mix M-2, M-3, M-4, M-5, M-6 and M-7 with M-1 are 1.73%, 6.52%, 12.17%, 8.69%, 5.6% and 4.34% respectively. The splitting tensile strength of mixes M-2, M-3, M-4, M-5, M-6 and M-7 at 28 days increased by 35.29%, 36.4%, 32.43%, 29%, 29.53%, 31.35% and 33.34% respectively as compared to splitting tensile strength at 7 days Days 28 Days The results of slump test for M-1, M-2, M-3, M-4, M-5, M-6 and M-7 are 132mm, 135mm, 134mm, 13mm, 125mm, 119mm and 11mm respectively Slump Value M-1M-2M-3M-4M-5M-6M-7 Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test: Slump Value Ultrasonic pulse velocity test is done to assess the quality of concrete. The specimen of size 3*1 mm is cast with steel reinforce bar of 1mm diameter inside it at the equal or neutral axis. This test is performed at the age of 28 days of concrete mix with and without municipal solid waste bottom ash. Slump Test: Slump test is used to determine the workability of fresh concrete. The slump test and its apparatus is executed as per guidelines of Indian Standard IS: 1199: 1959 The workability of the concrete mixes of M-1(% of bottom ash), M-2(5% of bottom ash), M-3(1% of bottom ash), M- 4(15% of bottom ash), M-5(2% of bottom ash), M-6(3% of bottom ash) and M-7(4% of bottom ash) is determined by the standard procedure.. The 28 days pulse velocity is determined of M-1(% bottom ash), M-2(5% bottom ash), M-3(1% bottom ash), M- 4(15% bottom ash), M-5(2% bottom ash), M-6(3% bottom ash) and M-7(4% bottom ash). The pulse velocity of concrete mix specimens for M-1, M-2, M-3, M-4, M-5, M-6 and M-7 are obtained as 3.68, 3.7, 3.86, 3.78, 3.81, 3.65 and 3.51 respectively. The unit of pulse velocity in which the results are taken is in kilometer per second. ISSN: Page 77

5 REFERENCES UPV Test Value UPV Test Value 1. Siddique, R., Review Use of municipal solid waste ash in concrete, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 21, Vol. 55, pp Shi, H.S., and Kan, L.L., Leaching behaviour of heavy metals from municipal solid wastes incineration (MSWI) fly ash used in concrete, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 29, Vol.164(2-3), pp Siddique, R., Utilization of municipal solid waste (MSW) ash in cement and mortar. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 21, Vol. 54, pp Keppert, M., Pavlik, Z., Cerny, R., and Reiterman, P., Properties of Concrete with Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Bottom Ash, IACSIT Coimbatore Conferences, 212, Vol Sharma M., Sharma S.K., and Kumar M., Effect of partial replacement of sand with municipal solid waste ash on the strength of concrete, The Indian Concrete Journal, October 214, Vol.88, No1, pp Ordinary Portland cement (43Grade) Specification, IS , Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India. CONCLUSIONS 1. The strength of concrete increased by replacing fine aggregate with Municipal Solid Waste Bottom Ash. The compressive strength of concrete increased by 8% to 17.31% at 28 days with comparison to 7 days. The maximum 28 days compressive strength is observed on M-5 that is by replacing fine aggregate to 2% by bottom ash. 2. The splitting tensile strength of concrete increased by replacing fine aggregate with bottom ash. The splitting tensile strength increased by 29% to 36.4% at 28 days with comparison to 7 days. The maximum splitting tensile strength is obtained on M-4 that is by replacing fine aggregate to 15% by bottom ash. 3. The results of slump test on every mixes of concrete was observed at within the optimum limit stated by Indian Standard code on workability of concrete. The slump was observed lesser in the concrete mix of M-6 and M The results of Ultrasonic pulse velocity test are obtained as Good as per the Indian Standards. The mix M-3 and M-5 were observed as most good quality of concrete and reinforce steel bar which consist 1% and 2% of municipal solid waste bottom ash as replacement to fine aggregate. FUTURE SCOPE 1. This research can be carried forward by using different types of bottom ash from biomedical waste, RDF (Refused Derived Fuel) Wastes etc. 2. This research can be proceed further in direction of using this in construction of rigid pavement roads, cement concrete roads. 3. This research can be further done by replacing solid waste bottom ash with cement. 7. Specifications for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete, IS 383:197, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India. 8. Indian Standard code of practice- methods of test for strength of concrete, IS 516:1959, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India. 9. Splitting tensile strength of concrete test method, IS 5816:1999, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India. ISSN: Page 78