Strength evaluation of concrete using Marble Powder and Waste Crushed Tile Aggregates

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1 International Journal for Science and Emerging ISSN No. (Online): Technologies with Latest Trends 20(1): 18-28(2015) ISSN No. (Print): Strength evaluation of concrete using Marble Powder and Waste Crushed Tile Aggregates Raminder Singh*, Manish Bhutani** and Tarun Syal*** *M. Tech Student,**Assistant Professor, ***Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering, DAVIET, Jalandhar, Punjab (Received 10 February 2015 Accepted 02 March 2015) Abstract-Sustainability in concrete production can be achieved by innovations in substitutions of material used. Innovations are much needed to meet the increasing demand for new and quality materials. Use of Hazardous Industrial wastes in concrete making will leads to greener environment. This paper presents the feasibility of the substitution of waste marble powder for cement and waste tile aggregates for coarse aggregates to achieve economy and environment saving. An experimental program is planned in which ten mixes with different combinations of waste marble powder and waste tile aggregate will be prepared. There is an increase in the Compressive strength of the concrete produced from waste marble powder as partial replacement of cement upto 10% and crushed tile aggregate as partial replacement of natural coarse aggregate upto 30%. Keywords-Concrete, Marble Powder, Waste Tile Aggregates, Workability, Compressive Strength 1. INTRODUCTION Sustainability in Concrete Production can be achieved by innovations in substitutions of materials used. Use of a Marble Waste Powder is not very usual though it has no behavioural problem and there has been little research work done on the waste. Marble waste is a solid waste material generated from the marble processing and can be used either as a filler material in cement or fine aggregates while preparing concrete. The Compressive strength and Split Tensile strength of Concrete can be increased with addition of waste marble powder up to 10% replace by weight of cement. Earlier research also indicate that the effects of blending marble waste on the properties of cement such as consistency, setting times, insoluble residue, and soundness remain within the acceptable ranges of different standards. The production of cheaper and more durable concrete using this waste can solve to some extent the ecological and environmental problems. [18]The suitability of silica fumes, powdered ceramic tiles and crushed animal bones as partial replacement for cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate respectively in concrete work has been carried out. Experimental study has been conducted for approximately 10 % of the silica fumes in replacement for cement, 20 % of the powdered ceramic waste powder in replacement for fine aggregate and 50 % of the crushed animal bones in replacement for coarse aggregate separately and in a single sample. Compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength has been conducted for each sample. Results

2 19. Raminder Singh*, Manish Bhutani** and Tarun Syal*** were quite satisfactory with no compromise in strength requirements for M20 grade concrete. Hence comparative study has been done between normal concrete and new concrete mix.[4]the effect of replacement of cement by stone waste on the mechanical properties of concrete. Cement has been replaced by stone waste in the range of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% 40%, & 50% by weight for M-25 grade concrete. Concrete mixtures were produced, tested and compared in terms of workability and strength to the conventional concrete. These tests were carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties for 7, 14 and 28 days. As a result, the compressive strength increased up to 20% replacing of stone waste. This research work is concerned with the experimental investigation on strength of concrete and optimum percentage of the partial replacement by replacing (PPC) cement via 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of stone waste. Keeping all this view, the aim of the investigation is the behaviour of concrete while replacing of waste with different proportions of stone.[19] The utilization of ceramic waste by partial replacement of coarse aggregates in concrete. In ceramic industry about 30% production goes as Waste, which is not recycled at present. In this project an attempt has been made to find the suitability of the ceramic industrial waste as a possible substitute for conventional crushed stone aggregate. For this, M20 grade of concrete was used with a mix proportion of 1: 1.65 : 3.5 and with water- cement ratio as 0.5 i.e., 1 part of cement, 1.65 parts of fine aggregate, 3.5 parts of coarse aggregate replaced with 0 % 20% and 40 % of ceramic waste. The tests for hardened concrete such as compressive strength were conducted for 7, and 28 days. In this project work, we are comparing the properties of aggregates. The test results indicate that the workability of ceramic waste coarse aggregate concrete is good and the strength characteristics are comparable to those of the conventional concrete.[20] The possibility of using waste ceramic tile in concrete. To do so, first, the characteristics of ceramic aggregate are measured and then being grind they are used in concrete as the substitute for coarse aggregates with 0 to 40 percent of substitution and also for sand with 0 to 100 percent of substation. Besides, all other parameters are constant. Finally the slump value, compressive strength, water absorption, and the unit weight of concrete for the samples were calculated. The optimal case of using tile wastage as sand are amounts of 25 to 50 percent, besides, the best case of their use as coarse aggregate are as amounts of 10 to 20 percent. In these measures, not only an increase happens in compressive strength, but also a decrease in unit weight and lack of remarkable negative effect on water absorption is reported.[27] The reuse of solid waste from building demolition for the replacement of natural aggregates. The use of recycle aggregates and solid wastes from construction and demolition waste is showing a prospective application in construction and as alternative to primary and natural aggregate. It conserves natural resources and reduces the space required for land fill disposal. In the laboratory the crushed tile aggregate has been tried as partial replacement substitute to convectional coarse aggregate in concrete making of cubes, cylinders, beams. These were cast and tested for compressive strength, split tensile and flexural strength after a curing period of 7, 28, 56 days. The results indicate effectiveness of crushed ceramic waste as partial replacement of conventional coarse aggregate up to 40 percent, without affecting the design strength.[14]

3 20. Raminder Singh*, Manish Bhutani** and Tarun Syal*** 2. MATERIAL USED 2.1Cement Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)of 43 grade was used throughout the course of the investigation. The physical properties of the cement as determined from various tests conforming to Indian Standard IS: are listed in Table Waste Marble Powder Marble powder was collected from the deposits of marble factories during shaping. It was sieved by IS-90 micron sieve before mixing in concrete. The properties of marble powder are given in Table Crushed Tile Aggregates The ceramic wastes were obtained from a local building that has been demolished and tile market. The waste ceramics are crushed into pieces manually. The aggregates passing through IS sieve 20mm and retained on 12.5mm were taken. (Figure.2).The properties of waste crushed tiles used in this study were given in Table Aggregates Aggregates are those chemically inert materials which when bonded by cement paste form concrete. Aggregates constitute the bulk of the total volume of concrete and hence they influence the strength of concrete to great extent. The properties of concrete are directly related to those of its constituents and as such aggregate used in a concrete mix should be hard, strong, dense, durable, free from lumps of clays, loam, vegetable and other such foreign matter. The presence of all such debris prevents adhesion of cement on the surface of aggregates and hence reduces the strength of concrete. The aggregates are classified into two categories: fine and coarse aggregates Fine aggregates: The material which passed through I.S. Sieve No. 480 (4.75mm)is termed as fine aggregates. Function of fine aggregates is to make concrete dense, by filling voids of coarse aggregates, reduces the shrinkage of cement and makes an economical mix. Natural sand or crushed stone dust is used as a fine aggregate in concrete mix. Sand may be obtained from sea, river, lake or pit, but when used in a concrete mix, it should be properly washed and tested to ascertain that total percentage of clay, silt, salts and other organic matter does not exceed specified limit. Sand as obtained from the above sources may be round or angular in grains. Angular grained sand has good interlocking property which results in a strong mix while rounded grained sand does not afford sufficient interlock in the matrix Coarse Aggregates: The material whose particles are of such size as are retained on I.S. Sieve No. 480 (4.75mm) is termed as coarse aggregates. Coarse aggregates, like fine aggregates, must consists of sound durable inert particles to make the concrete strong and weather resistant. It should be free chemicals or coating or clay or other fine material that may affect bonding of cement paste. The size of the coarse aggregates used depends upon the nature of work. Crushed hard stone and gravel are the common materials used as coarse aggregates for structural concrete. Coarse aggregates are usually obtained by crushing granite, gneiss, crystalline lime stone and good variety of sand stone etc. As far as possible flaky and elongated pieces of stone should be avoided. 3. MIX DESIGN A mix M25 Grade of concrete was designed as per IS1026:2009 method and the same was used to prepare the test samples. The design mix proportion is done in table EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY 4.1Workability of Concrete Mixes

4 21. Raminder Singh*, Manish Bhutani** and Tarun Syal*** Workability is the most elusive property of concrete. In simplest form, a concrete is said to be workable if it can be easily mixed, handled, transported, placed in position and compacted. More precisely, it defines that it can be fully compacted with minimum energy input. There should be no sign of any segregation or bleeding in a workable concrete. In this experiment slump of all mixes with constant water to cementitious material (w/cm) ratio for the same group were measured to get information about workability changes due to the waste marble powder and crushed tile aggregate.as it is shown below in Table Compressive Strength Test Compressive strength tests were conducted on concrete cubes of size 150 x 150 x 150 mm cast from concrete of each series, to check quality by obtaining the 28-days compressive strength. These tests were carried out in accordance with IS: on Compression Testing Machine (Figure 3). The maximum compressive load on the specimen was recorded as the load at which the specimen failed to take any further increase in the load. The average of three samples was taken as the representative value of compressive strength. The compressive strength was calculated by dividing the maximum compressive load by the cross-sectional area of the cube specimen. Figure.3 shows the compressive testing machine and some of tested cubes.the results of the compressive strength tests conducted on concrete specimens of different mixes cured at different ages are shown in table 10. The compressive strength test was conducted at curing ages of 7 days and 28 days. 5. RESULTS It can be noted that when marble powder is substituted as binder with cement and crushed tile aggregate is substituted as filler with coarse aggregate, the compressive strength was found to increase at lower replacements. The 7-days and 28 days compressive strength of concrete mix containing 5% of marble powder and 15% crushed tile aggregate were found to increase from a value 21.23N/mm 2 to 22.55N/mm 2 and 33.67N/mm 2 to 34.87N/mm 2. With the increase in the percentage of replacement of crushed tile aggregate from 15% to 30%, there is again an increase in the 7-days and 28 days compressive strength from N/mm 2 to 23.16N/mm 2 and 34.87N/mm 2 to 35.64N/mm 2. It shows that using tile as coarse aggregate cause increase in the strength of concrete upto 30 percent replacement, but after 30% replacement, strength starts decreasing from N/mm 2 to N/mm 2 and N/mm 2 to 34.06N/mm 2. The reason for decreasing the strength of samples as a result of enhancing the amount of tile may due to increase in flaky aggregates and due to smooth surface texture of tile aggregate and poor bonding properties of matrix with matrix with aggregate. Figures (6&7) show that by increasing the percentage of replacement of waste marble powder with cement, the compressive strength values of concrete tends to increase at each curing age. The 7-days and 28 days compressive strength of concrete mix containing 5% of marble powder and 15% crushed tile aggregate were found to increase from a value 21.23N/mm 2 to 22.55N/mm 2 and 33.67N/mm 2 to 34.87N/mm 2. With the increase in the percentage of replacement of waste marble powder from 5% to 10%, there is again an increase in the 7-days and 28 days compressive strength from N/mm 2 to N/mm 2 and 34.87N/mm 2 to 35.44N/mm 2.The increase in the value of

5 22. Raminder Singh*, Manish Bhutani** and Tarun Syal*** compressive strength at 7-days and 28 days curing period can be attributed to the fact that marble granules possess cementing properties. It is also as much effective in enhancing cohesiveness due to lower fineness modulus of the marble powder. or granules both. However, there is a decrease in compressive strength values (7-days & 28 days) of concrete mix from N/mm 2 to N/mm 2 and 35.44N/mm 2 to 33.18N/mm 2, when 15% marble powder is replaced with cement and 15% crushed tile aggregate replaced with coarse aggregate in control mix. These decreases in strength mainly occur due to that with further increase in replacement of marble powder with cement results in the replacement of Portland cement clinker with powder addition with different proportion which causes dilution of C 3 S and C 2 S which is responsible for strength. 6. CONCLUSION As the partial replacement level of waste marble powder with cement in concrete increases, workability decreases. Same effect on the workability of concrete can be seen for the partial replacement of coarse aggregates with tile aggregates. Compressive Strength of concrete increases upto 10% of partial replacement of Cement with waste Marble Powder and upto 30 % of partial replacement of coarse aggregates with tile aggregate. There is a decrease in the compressive strength of concrete if the replacement level increased from 10% to 15% for waste marble powder and 30% to 45% of tile aggregates. 7. REFERENCES 1. Abdullahi, M. (2012). Effect of aggregate type on Compressive strength of concrete. International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering, 2(3), Corinaldesi, V., Moriconi, G., &Naik, T. R. (2010). Characterization of marble powder for its use in mortar concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 24, Correia, J. R., Brito J., & Pereira, A. S. (2005). Effects on concrete durability of using recycled ceramic aggregates. Materials and Structures, 38, Dayalan, J., & Beulah, M. (2014). Effect of Waste Materials in Partial Replacement of Cement, Fine Aggregates and Course Aggregates. International Journal of Inventive Engineering and Sciences, 2(4), Das, L., and Nataraja, M. C. (2011). A simplified mix proportion for cement based composites with waste crushed tiles. International Journal of the Physical Sciences,70, Demirel, B. (2011). The effect of the using waste marble dust as fine sand on the mechanical properties of the concrete.international Journal of the Physical Sciences, 5(9), Hameed, M. S., &Sekar, A. S. S. (2009). Properties of Green Concrete containing Quarry Rock Dust and Marble Sludge Powder as Fine aggregates. APRN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 4(4), Indian Standard IS: , Bureau of India Standards, ManakBhawan, 9 BahadurShahZafarMarg, New Delhi Indian Standard IS , Bureau of India Standards, ManakBhawan, 9 Bahadur Shah ZafarMarg, New Delhi Indian Standard IS: , Bureau of India Standards, ManakBhawan, 9 Bahadur Shah ZafarMarg, New Delhi Indian Standard IS: , Bureau of India Standards, ManakBhawan, 9 Bahadur Shah ZafarMarg, New Delhi

6 23. Raminder Singh*, Manish Bhutani** and Tarun Syal*** Impact factor Indian Standard IS: (Part-1), Bureau of India Standards, ManakBhawan, 9 Bahadur Shah ZafarMarg, New Delhi Indian Standard IS , Bureau of India Standards, ManakBhawan, 9 Bahadur Shah ZafarMarg, New Delhi Kamala, R., &Rao, B.K. (2012). Reuse of Solid Waste from Building Demolition for the Replacement of Natural Aggregates.International Journal of Engineering & Advance Technology,2(1), Malik, P., et. al. (2014).Mix Design for concrete with crushed ceramic tiles as coarse aggregates. International Journal of Civil Engineering Research, 5(2), Mohamadien, H. A. (2012). The Effect of marble powder and silica fume as partial replacement for cement on mortar. International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering, 3(2), Omar, O. M., et. al.(2012).influence of limestone waste as partial replacement material for sand and marble powder in concrete properties. HBRC Journal, 8, , June Pathan, V. G., & Pathan, M. G. (2014). Feasibility and Need of use of Waste Marble Powder in Concrete Production. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Patel, A. N., &Pitroda, J. (2013). Stone Waste: Effective Replacement Of Cement For Establishing Green Concrete. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering,2(5), Raja, N. (2014). Utilization of ceramic waste by partial replacement of coarse aggregate in concrete. Int. J. Engineering Research and Advanced Technology, 2(3), Rai, B., et. al. (2012). Influence of Marble powder/granules in Concrete mix. International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering, 1(4), Sekar, T., Genasan, N., &Nampoothiri, N. (2011). Studies On Strength Characteristics On Utilization of Waste Materials As Coarse Aggregate In Concrete.International Journal of Engineering & Advance Technology,3(7), Singh, T., and Nanda, A. K. (2012). Influence of Marble Powder on Mechanical Properties of Mortar and Concrete Mix.New Building Material & Construction World. 24. Shelke, V. M., Pawde, P. Y., &Shrivastava, R. R. (2012). Effect of marble powder with and without silica fume on mechanical properties of concrete. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering,1(1), Soliman, M. N. (2013).Effect of using Marble Powder in Concrete Mixes on the Behaviour and Strength of R.C. Slabs.International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, 3(5), Sounthararajan, V. M., and Sivakumar, A. (2013). Effect of the lime content in marble powder producing high strength concrete. APRN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 8(4), Tavakoli, D., Heidari, A., &Karimian, M. (2013). Properties Of Concretes Produced With Waste Ceramic Tile Aggregate.Asian Journal of Civil Engineering, 14,(3), Topcu, B.I., &Canbaz. M. (2007). Utilization Of Crushed Tile As Aggregate In Concrete. Iranian Journal of Science & Technology, 31(5), Vaidevi, C. (2013). Study on marble dust as partial replacement of cement in concrete. Indian journal of engineering, 4(9), pp Zimbili, O., Salim, W., andndambuki, M. (2014). A Review on the Usage of Ceramic Wastes in Concrete Production. International Journal of Civil,

7 24. Raminder Singh*, Manish Bhutani** and Tarun Syal*** Architectural, Structure and Construction Engineering, 8(1), Figures and Tables Table 1: Physical properties of cement. Sr. No. Properties Observations 1 Fineness (90 micron IS Sieve) 4 percent 2 Initial setting time 60 minutes 3 Final setting time 380 minutes 4 Standard consistency 33 percent 5 Specific Gravity days compressive strength 46.2Mpa Table 2: Physical properties of Waste Marble Powder Sr. No. Properties Observations 1. Color White 2. Form Powder 3. Specific Gravity Blaine Fineness 1500 m 2 /kg Table 3: Physical properties of Waste Crushed Tile Aggregates Sr. No. Properties Observations 1. Specific gravity Impact Value 18 % 3. Bulk density 1422 kg/m 3 Table 4: Physical properties of fine aggregate. Sr. No. Properties Observations 1. Fineness modulus of fine aggregate Specific gravity of fine aggregate Bulk density of fine aggregate 1667 kg/m 3 4. Water absorption of fine aggregate 0.80 %

8 25. Raminder Singh*, Manish Bhutani** and Tarun Syal*** Impact factor Table 5: Fineness Modulus of coarse aggregates. S.No. Sieve Mass retained Percentage Percentage Cumulative %age size (gm) retained (%) passing (%) retained, C 1. 20mm mm mm mm Pan EC 100 Table 6: Physical properties of coarse aggregate. Sr. No. Properties Observations 1. Fineness modulus of coarse aggregate Specific gravity of coarse aggregate Bulk density of coarse aggregate 1720 kg/m 3 4. Water absorption of coarse aggregate 0.92 % Table7: Concrete Mix Design of M25 Grade: A7 Mix Proportion Ratio kg/m3 a) Cement Content b) Fine Aggregates Content c) Coarse Aggregates Content d) Water Table 8: Detail of Mix Designations Mix ID Cementitious content Fine Coarse Aggregates Marble Cement Aggregates Natural Coarse Crushed Tile Powder Aggregate Aggregate M M M M M M M M M M

9 26. Raminder Singh*, Manish Bhutani** and Tarun Syal*** Impact factor Table 9: Slump Value for different Concrete Mix Mix Cement Marble Fine Coarse Crushed Tile Slump ID Powder Aggregate Aggregate Aggregate in mm M M M M M M M M M M Table 10: Compressive Strength Values for various Concrete Mix Mix Cement Marble Fine Coarse Crushed Compressive Strength (N/mm 2 ) ID Powder Agg. Agg. Tile Agg. 7 days 28 days M M M M M M M M M M

10 27. Raminder Singh*, Manish Bhutani** and Tarun Syal*** Impact factor Figure 1: Waste Marble Powder Fig. 2: Crushed Tile Aggregates Figure 3: Compression Testing Machine Figure 4: Compressive Strength for Concrete Mixes (7 and 28 days)

11 28. Raminder Singh*, Manish Bhutani** and Tarun Syal*** Impact factor Figure 5: Compressive Strength for Concrete Mixes (7 and 28 days) Figure 6: Effect of Marble Powder and Crushed Tile Aggregate on 7-Days Compressive Strength for Concrete Mixes Figure 7: Effect of Marble Powder and Crushed Tile Aggregate on 28-Days Compressive Strength for Concrete Mixes