Protecting Penetrations in Fire Rated Construction

Transcription

1 Protecting Penetrations in Fire Rated Construction NY State Fire Marshals and Inspectors Conference September 7 th Bruce E. Johnson UL Codes and Advisory Services UL and the UL logo are Trademarks of UL 2016 September 7, 2016

2 Objective At the end of this lesson, you will: Understand the intent and purpose behind fire resistive construction Understand the code requirements, testing procedures, plan review requirements and inspection practices relating to the protection of penetrations Understand the 2015 IBC Chapter 7 requirements for protecting penetrations (firestop systems) 2

3 Objective Cont. Be able to navigate UL s Fire Resistance Directory, Online Certifications Directory and Product Spec in order to identify listed products and assemblies which demonstrate compliance with the requirements of the 2015 International Building Code 3

4 Agenda Introductory Comments A brief IBC Basics Review Through- and Membrane-Penetration Firestop Systems Navigating the UL Directories & UL s Online Resources for Code Compliance Engineering Judgments Summary and Closing 4

5 Questions / Comments 5

6 IBC Basics Definitions Chapter 2 Occupancy Classification Use of Tables Scoping Section Table Footnotes Code Exceptions Reference Standards Index and Glossary Identifying Changes in Code Text 6 6

7 Fire-Resistance-Rated Construction 7

8 Passive Fire Protection The IBC takes a systematic approach to building fire protection, including: 1. Passive Fire Protection Fire Area = The aggregate floor area enclosed and bounded by fire walls, fire barriers, exterior walls or horizontal assemblies of a building. 2. Active Fire Protection Fire Protection System = Approved devices, equipment and systems or combinations of systems used to detect a fire, activate an alarm, extinguish or control a fire, control or manage smoke and products of a fire or any combination thereof. 3. Reasonable level of redundancy; inspection, testing & maintenance 8

9 Important Definitions Fire-resistance - That property of materials or their assemblies that prevents or retards the passage of excessive heat, hot gases or flames under conditions of use. (IBC) 9

10 Definitions Cont. Fire-resistance rating - The period of time a building element, component or assembly maintains the ability to confine a fire, continues to perform a given structural function, or both, as determined by the tests, or the methods based on tests, prescribed in Section (IBC) Passage of Flames Heat Transmission Structural Integrity 10

11 Definitions Cont. Fire-protection rating - The period of time that an opening protective will maintain the ability to confine a fire as determined by tests prescribed in Section 715. Ratings are stated in hours or minutes. (IBC) Passage of Flames Structural Integrity 11

12 Through- and Membrane-Penetration Firestop Systems 12

13 No Firestopping 13

14 Proper Firestopping 14

15 More Definitions What is Firestopping? Firestopping (v) is the process of restoring the integrity of a fire-resistance-rated assembly at a penetration of the assembly through the use of a properly designed, installed, inspected and maintained firestop system Firestopping (n) is a material or device installed to resist the passage of flame and heat through penetrations (i.e. a firestop) 15

16 Definitions Cont. Membrane Penetration A breach in one side of a floor-ceiling, roof-ceiling or wall assembly to accommodate an item installed into or passing through the breach. (IBC) Through Penetration A breach in both sides of a floor, floor-ceiling or wall assembly to accommodate an item passing through the breaches. (IBC) 16

17 Definitions Cont. Membrane-Penetration Firestop A material, device or construction installed to resist for a prescribed time period the passage of flame and heat through openings in a protective membrane in order to accommodate cables, cable trays, conduit, tubing, pipes or similar items. (IBC) 17

18 Definitions Cont. Through-Penetration Firestop System An assemblage consisting of a fire-resistancerated floor, floor-ceiling, or wall assembly, one or more penetrating items passing through the breaches on both sides of the assembly and the materials or devices, or both, installed to resist the spread of fire through the assembly for a prescribed period of time. (IBC) 18

19 Definitions Cont. Firestop System Membrane or throughpenetration firestop system. (BEJ) 19

20 Floor or Wall Assembly Penetrating Item Firestopping Products Three Elements of a Firestop System 20

21 Firestop Systems Standards 21

22 ANSI / UL 1479 ASTM E814 Standards 22

23 Ratings F - Flame Occurrence T - Heat Transmission L - Leakage (Optional) W - Water Leakage (Optional) 23

24 Conditions of Acceptance Passage of Flame Hose Stream IBC Definition: F Rating F RATING. The time period that the through-penetration firestop system limits the spread of fire through the penetration when tested in accordance with ASTM E 814 or UL

25 Conditions of Acceptance T Rating Passage of Flame 325ºF Temperature Rise Hose Stream IBC Definition: T RATING. The time period that the penetration firestop system, including the penetrating item, limits the maximum temperature rise to 325 F (163 C) above its initial temperature through the penetration on the nonfire side when tested in accordance with ASTM E 814 or UL

26 L Rating Air Leakage Rate at Ambient Temperature Air Leakage Rate at 400ºF IBC Definition: L RATING. The air leakage rating of a through penetration firestop system or a fire-resistant joint system when tested in accordance with UL 1479 or UL 2079, respectively. 26

27 W Rating Optional program*, applicable to incidental water 3 Ft WC Pressure Head / 72 Hr Exposure Firestop subjected to water exposure, followed by standard fire and hose stream tests Firestop systems assigned a W Rating * No IBC definition or requirements 27

28 Questions / Comments 28

29 Firestop Systems International Building Code Requirements 29

30 Code Requirements General Section 714 of the 2015 IBC Penetrations into or through fire walls, fire barriers, smoke barrier walls and fire partitions shall comply with through Penetrations in smoke barrier walls shall also comply with Penetrations of horizontal assemblies not required to be protected by shaft enclosure shall be protected per Section through

31 Code Requirements Wall Assemblies Section of the 2015 IBC Through penetrations shall be protected by one of the following: As tested as part of the entire wall assembly As tested to ANSI/UL 1479 / ASTM E814 Exceptions Concrete, grout or mortar (full thickness of the wall) Annular space protection material 31

32 Code Requirements Wall Assemblies Cont When tested to ANSI/UL 1479 / ASTM E814, through penetrations shall have an F Rating of not less than the required rating of wall penetrated 32

33 Code Requirements Wall Assemblies Cont Membrane penetration shall be protected as follows: As specified in (i.e. through penetrations) Recessed fixtures shall be installed so as not to reduce the required fire resistance 33

34 Exceptions Code Requirements Wall Assemblies Cont. Steel electrical boxes installed per prescriptive requirements Listed electrical boxes of any material installed per listing Electrical boxes of any size or type installed with tested and listed protection Boxes other than electrical boxes tested and listed for such use Annular space created by fire sprinklers (covered by metal escutcheon plate) Steel electrical boxes exceeding 16 sq. in in area or any size exceeding prescriptive requirements protected by listed putty pads or other listed material and method installed per its listing. 34

35 Code Requirements Horizontal Assemblies Section of the 2015 IBC Through penetration shall be protected by one of the following: As tested as part of the entire horizontal assembly As tested to ANSI/UL 1479 / ASTM E814 Exceptions Annular space protection material Concrete, grout or mortar Listed electrical boxes of any material installed per listing 35

36 Code Requirements Horizontal Assemblies Cont When tested to ANSI/UL 1479 / ASTM E814, through penetrations shall have F and T Ratings of not less than 1 hour but not less than required rating of assembly penetrated Exceptions Penetrations contained and located within the cavity of a wall above or below the floor do not require a T Rating Penetrations by floor, tub or shower drains contained and located within the concealed space of a horizontal assembly do not require a T Rating Penetrations less than 4 in diameter penetrating directly into metal-enclosed electrical power switchgear do not require a T Rating 36

37 Code Requirements Horizontal Assemblies Cont Membrane penetration shall be protected as follows: As specified in or (i.e. through penetrations) Recessed fixtures shall be installed so as not to reduce the required fire resistance 37

38 Code Requirements Horizontal Assemblies Cont. Exceptions If less than 100 sq in. per 100 sq ft, metallic penetrants may be either firestopped or fireblocked Steel electrical boxes installed per prescriptive requirements Electrical boxes of any size or type installed with tested and listed protection Listed electrical boxes of any material installed per listing Annular space created by fire sprinklers (covered by metal escutcheon plate) Interruption by a double wood top plate of a wall assembly sheathed with X-Rated gypsum; provided all penetrating items through the double top plates are protected and the ceiling membrane is tight to the top plates. 38

39 Code Requirements Miscellaneous Noncombustible penetrants shall not be connected to combustible penetrants beyond point of firestop system Penetrations in smoke barriers shall have an L Rating at ambient and 400ºF Max 5.0 CFM / sq ft of opening Aggregate 50 CFM / 100 sq ft of barrier 39

40 Firestop Systems Establishing F and T Ratings 40

41 Full-Scale Wall Assembly 41

42 Small-Scale Wood Floor Assembly 42

43 Cables Through Wood Floor 43

44 Top View of A Slab (Pre-Test) 44

45 Time - Temperature Curve Temp (ºF) Time (Hr) 45

46 Bottom View of A Slab (Post-Test) 46

47 Hose Stream Test 47

48 Questions / Comments 48

49 Fire Resistance Directory Volumes 2A and 2B 49

50 Firestop Systems Key Points About a Firestop System 50

51 Floor or Wall Assembly Penetrating Item Firestopping Products Three Elements of a Firestop System 51

52 The Right Product for the Right Application 52

53 Steel Collars and Intumescent Wrap Strips Intumescent sealant expands and fills the void The collar expands to crush pipe 53

54 Enclosures: Valves, Controls, Speaker, Lighting 54

55 Firestop Systems Plan Review 55

56 For the Architect / Contractor UL Systems serve two roles: 1) Evidence of compliance 2) A set of build-instructions 56

57 For the Building Official UL Systems serve two roles: 1) Evidence of compliance 2) Document by which to inspect 57

58 Plan Review Construction documents shall be of sufficient clarity to indicate the location, nature and extent of the work proposed and show in detail that it will conform to the provisions of this code 58

59 NY State Part (2) An application for a building permit shall request sufficient information to permit a determination that the intended work accords with the requirements of the Uniform Code and shall require submission of the following information and documentation: (i) a description of the proposed work; (ii) the tax map number and the street address; (iii) the occupancy classification of any affected building or structure; (iv) where applicable, a statement of special inspections prepared in accordance with the provisions of the Uniform Code; and (v) at least 2 sets of construction documents (drawings and/or specifications) that define the scope of the proposed work. 59

60 NY State Part (3) Construction documents shall not be accepted as part of an application for a building permit unless such documents: (i) are prepared by a New York State registered architect or licensed professional engineer where so required by the Education Law; (ii) indicate with sufficient clarity and detail the nature and extent of the work proposed; (iii) substantiate that the proposed work will comply with the Uniform Code and the State Energy Conservation Construction Code. (iv) where applicable, include a site plan that shows any existing and proposed structures on the site, the location of any existing or proposed well or septic system, the location of the intended work, and the distances between the structures and the lot lines. 60

61 NY State Part (4) Applications for a building permit or for an amendment thereto shall be examined to ascertain whether the proposed construction is in substantial conformance with the requirements of the Uniform Code. Provisions shall be made for construction documents accepted as part of a permit application to be so marked in writing or by stamp. One set of accepted construction documents shall be retained by the government or agency charged with or accountable for administration and enforcement of the code. One set shall be returned to the applicant to be kept at the work site so as to be available for use by the code enforcement official. 61

62 NY State Part (5) A building permit shall contain a statement directing that all work shall be performed in accordance with the construction documents submitted and accepted as part of the application. In addition, a permit shall include the directive that the government or agency responsible for enforcement of the code shall be notified immediately in the event of changes occurring during construction. 62

63 Plan Review Cont. Details showing compliance with the firestop requirements of the IBC should be included on the plans and in the specifications Recommended that the UL systems (or others) be imported into the plans Importing systems into plans does NOT violate UL copyright requirements 63

64 Plan Review Cont. Review proposed firestop systems for compliance with code Hourly rating requirement Details of systems proposed relative to actual construction Consider variations identified relative to permitted substitutions stated in the UL Fire Resistance Directory 64

65 Plan Review Cont. Consider need for engineering judgments if permitted by department policy Consider need for special inspections as required by code and/or by department policy 65

66 Plan Review Cont. Recommended Correction Notice All firestop systems need to be reproduced on the plans. If an engineering judgment is needed, it must be noted on the plans and this judgment must be approved by the Building Official. The above information will be needed by the field inspectors during construction 66

67 Firestop Systems Inspection Process 67

68 Inspection of Firestop Systems Section of the 2015 IBC: Protection of joints and penetrations in fireresistance-rated assemblies, smoke barriers and smoke partitions shall not be concealed from view until inspected and approved Section of the 2015 IBC: Special Inspections are required for fireresistant penetrations and joints in high-rise buildings and Risk Category III or IV 68

69 Inspection of Firestop Systems - NYS NYS Part (b) 2 Provisions shall be made for inspection of the following elements of the construction process, where applicable: (vi) fire resistant construction; (vii) fire resistant penetrations; 69

70 Inspection of Firestop Systems - NYS NYS Part (b) 1 Permitted work shall be required to remain accessible and exposed until inspected and accepted by the government or agency enforcing the Uniform Code. Permit holders shall be required to notify the government or agency when construction work is ready for inspection 70

71 Inspection of Firestop Systems - NYS NYS Part (b) 3 After inspection, the work or a portion thereof shall be noted as satisfactory as completed, or the permit holder shall be notified as to where the work fails to comply with the Uniform Code. Construction work not in compliance with code provisions shall be required to remain exposed until it has been brought into compliance with the code, been reinspected, and been found satisfactory as completed. 71

72 Inspection of Firestop Systems Verifies approved system is being used Verifies assembly is being constructed in accordance with the approved system 72

73 For the Architect / Contractor UL Systems serve two roles: 1) Evidence of compliance 2) A set of build-instructions 73

74 For the Building Official UL Systems serve two roles: 1) Evidence of compliance 2) Document by which to inspect 74

75 Pre-Construction Meeting Review selected systems Obtain engineering judgments as needed Establish inspection guidelines and expectations Establish work and inspection schedules Review qualifications /experience of contractors 75

76 Pre-Inspection Require construction documents that detail all firestop systems Obtain copies of all firestop systems Develop a plan to inspect each assembly at the appropriate times during the construction process 76

77 At the Inspection Site Have your inspection tools such as a flashlight, coring device, depth gauge, calipers, tape measure, etc. Review the general layout of the assembly Verify the building materials being utilized match those described in the approved system 77

78 At the Inspection Site Cont. For board products, verify the type, manufacturer, thickness and orientation match what is described in the approved system Verify fastener type, size and spacing for compliance with the approved system For insulation products, verify the type, manufacturer, thickness and density match what is described in the approved system 78

79 At the Inspection Site Cont. For sealant products, verify the type, manufacturer, location and thickness match what is described in the approved system Verify that the approved third party testing agency s labels are on the products, empty containers or boxes 79

80 At the Inspection Site Cont. When necessary conduct destructive evaluations on the assemblies During the inspection have the contractor follow along to repair assemblies after destructive testing 80

81 Inspection of Firestop Systems Cont. Reference Materials: ASTM E2174 Standard Practice for On-Site Inspection of Installed Fire Stops IFC Video Inspecting Firestop for Compliance IFC Pocket Guide for Inspectors IFC Video Firestop Installations Inspection Video Installation Video 81

82 Inspection of Firestop Systems Cont. Available Resources: International Firestop Council (IFC) Firestop Contractors International Association (FCIA) Fire Safe North America 82

83 Questions / Comments 83

84 Navigating the UL Directories Hard Copy Online 84

85 Fire Resistance Directory 85

86 Fire Resistance Directory Volume 1 Columns, Beams, Floor/Ceilings, Roof/Ceilings and Walls Volumes 2A & 2B Joint Systems, Perimeter Fire Containment Systems, and Through-Penetration Firestop Systems Volume 3 Dampers, Fire Doors, Door Frames and Glazing 86

87 Organization Under Each Product Area Guide Information Designs, Systems or Assemblies Product Categories (indexed by manufacturer s names) 87

88 Guide Information Equipment, materials or systems included in the Category Intended use, restrictions or supplemental information that apply Standard(s) used to evaluate products under the Category Listing or Classification Mark information for the Category 88

89 Examples of Guide Information for Firestop Systems General Description of a Firestop System Standard Description of Ratings Permitted Substitutions Specifications of Penetrating Items Support of Penetrating Items Angle of Penetration Description of Numbering System 89

90 C-A J-1000 First Alpha Character C - Either Floor or Wall being Penetrated F - Floor being Penetrated W - Wall being Penetrated 90

91 C-AJ-1000 Second and Third Alpha Characters Letter A B C D E F - I J K L M N O-Z Description Concrete floors with a minimum thickness less than or equal to 5 in. Concrete floors with a minimum thickness greater than 5 in. Framed floors Steel decks in marine vessels Floor-ceiling assemblies consisting of concrete with membrane protection Not used a present time Concrete or masonry walls with a minimum thickness less than or equal to 8 in. Concrete or masonry walls with a minimum thickness greater than 8 in. Framed wall Bulkheads in marine vessels Composite panel walls Not used at present time 91

92 C-AJ-1000 Numeric Characters Numeric Range Description No penetrating items Metallic pipe, conduit or tubing Nonmetallic pipe, conduit or tubing Electrical cables Cable trays with electrical cables Insulated pipes Misc. electrical penetrants such as busducts Misc. mechanical penetrants such as air ducts Groupings of penetrations including any combination of items listed above Not used at present time 92

93 Systems Each firestop system contains specific construction features Many firestop systems contain various options and various ratings Must be followed exactly for rating to apply 93

94 Product Categories Each Product Category describes some generic family of products (e.g. Forming Materials) Each Product Category covers products used in joint systems, perimeter fire containment systems and firestop systems Located near end of Volume 2B of Fire Resistance Directory 94

95 Product Categories Cont. Each Product Category contains manufacturers and designations of products tested and specified in the systems Manufacturers arranged alphabetically within Product Category 95

96 Questions / Comments 96

97 Firestop Systems UL s Online Search Tools 97

98 UL s Online Search Tools Online Certifications Directory Product Spec TM 98

99 Online Certifications Directory Helps you achieve code compliance Is continuously updated Needs no password Is free no charge for use 99

100 Online Certifications Directory Searching for Information on Firestop Systems 100

101 101

102 102

103 103

104 104

105 105

106 106

107 107

108 108

109 109

110 110

111 Online Certifications Directory Sample Search - Accessing a system if system number is known System No. F-C

112 112

113 113

114 114

115 115

116 116

117 Online Certifications Directory Sample Search - Searching for a system based on specific parameters 4-1/2 in. concrete slab floor assembly 2 hour rating ABS plastic pipe Firstopping material supplied by the Specified Technologies Inc. 117

118 118

119 119

120 120

121 121

122 122

123 123

124 124

125 125

126 126

127 127

128 128

129 129

130 UL Product Spec Supplements Online Certification Directory Replaces Code Correlation Database Needs no password Is free no charge for use 130

131 UL Product Spec Searching for Information on Firestop Systems 131

132 UL Product Spec 132

133 UL Product Spec 133

134 UL Product Spec 134

135 UL Product Spec 135

136 UL Product Spec Sample Search - Accessing a system if system number is known System No. F-C

137 UL Product Spec 137

138 UL Product Spec 138

139 UL Product Spec 139

140 UL Product Spec 140

141 UL Product Spec Sample Search - Searching for a system based on specific parameters 4-1/2 in. concrete slab floor assembly 2 hour rating ABS plastic pipe Firstopping material supplied by the Specified Technologies Inc. 141

142 UL Product Spec 142

143 UL Product Spec 143

144 UL Product Spec 144

145 UL Product Spec 145

146 Questions / Comments 146

147 Firestop Systems Engineering Judgments 147

148 Engineering Judgments An Engineering Judgment is a letter or report issued by some knowledgeable party which evaluates the construction of some site-specific application which deviates from a tested design, system or assembly and concludes with a judgment of the applicable rating of that assembly 148

149 Engineering Judgments Cont. Typically, an Engineering Judgment is used when a tested design, systems or assembly is unavailable Most often applied to fire resistive construction 149

150 Engineering Judgments Cont. Applications for an Engineering Judgment Design and system concept where multiple components, some listed and some unlisted, are used to field construct the finished assembly (e.g. wall) Typically products are not required to be listed by code Must be acceptable to the Code Official 150

151 Who Issues Engineering Judgments? Who issues Engineering Judgments? Professional engineer Fire protection engineer Manufacturer Testing laboratory Individual issuing judgment must be acceptable to the Code Official 151

152 2015 IBC References Justifying Engineering Judgments IBC Alternative materials, design and methods of construction and equipment IBC Fire-resistance ratings IBC Alternative methods for determining fire resistance six options are permitted 152

153 Important Points of an Engineering Judgment No guidance from the International Code Council or the various I-Codes No guidance from UL Best documents available are from the International Firestop Council (IFC) 153

154 IFC Guidelines Four Documents International Firestop Council (IFC) Recommended IFC Guidelines for Evaluating Firestop Systems in Engineering Judgments (EJs) Covers firestops, joint systems and grease/air duct assemblies Perimeter fire barrier systems Fire resistant duct enclosure systems for commercial kitchen exhaust ducts Fire resistant duct enclosure systems for ventilation ducts 154

155 Summary of Engineering Judgments Emphasizes importance of tested designs Not a substitute for existing designs Should be issued only by those who know the components Based on sound engineering practices and knowledge of performance of the designs Based on interpolation of previous testing Issued only for a specific jobsite Presented in clear detail 155

156 Questions / Comments 156

157 Thank You for Attending!!! Bruce E. Johnson Codes and Advisory Services Department Underwriters Laboratories (631)