4188 East Andrew Johnson Highway Morristown, TN

Transcription

1 4188 East Andrew Johnson Highway Morristown, TN Super Simplex Disappearing Stairway Automatic Electric Disappearing Stairway Automatic Super Simplex FL Series Wall Ladders AT Alternating Tread SL Series Ships Ladders Industrial Stairs Roof Hatches Ron Blank & Associates, Inc. 2013

2 An American Institute of Architects (AIA) Continuing Education Program Approved Promotional Statement: 0 Ron Blank & Associates, Inc. is a registered provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education System. Credit earned upon completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion are available for all course participants upon completion of the course conclusion quiz with +80%. Please view the following slide for more information on Certificates of Completion through RBA. 0 This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA or Ron Blank & Associates, Inc. of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.

3 An American Institute of Architects (AIA) Continuing Education Program 0 Course Format: This is a structured, web-based course with a final exam 0 Course Credit: 1 AIA Health Safety & Welfare (HSW) CE Hour 0 Completion Certificate: A confirmation is sent to you by and you can print one upon successful completion of a course or from your RonBlank.com transcript. If you have any difficulties printing or receiving your Certificate please send requests to: certificate@ronblank.com 0 Design professionals, please remember to print or save your certificate of completion after successfully completing a course conclusion quiz. confirmations will be sent to the address you have provided in your RonBlank.com account.

4 Course Description This course will discuss different types of ladders and stairways, and the various applications in which they can be safely used. The designer will also learn about codes and minimum requirements necessary to adhere to standards both dimensionally and for fire ratings.

5 Learning Objectives By completing this course, the design professional will be able to: 0 Identify the types of fixed access ladders, ships ladders, alternating tread, industrial stairs and disappearing stairways. 0 Describe applications for each type of fixed ladder, ships ladder, alternating tread, industrial stairs or disappearing stairways. 0 List the applicable building code considerations. 0 Accurately specify the ladder or stairway needed for a project based on the application and applicable building code.

6 LADDER 0 A climbing device used to access any level at a different elevation. 0 Usage, length and how you exit the ladder determine what options are required to meet code (cages, walk-thru, overshoot, etc ).

7 STAIRWAY 0 A means of access consisting of stairs. Disappearing Stairway: 0 An inclined climbing system that disappears into the ceiling when not in use.

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9 Ladders and Stairways Typical Applications 0 Schools 0 Banks 0 Restaurants 0 Sports arenas 0 Churches 0 Drug stores 0 Government buildings 0 Hospitals 0 Laboratories 0 Libraries 0 Museums 0 Better residences 0 Airport control towers 0 Retail stores

10 Three Types of Fixed Vertical Ladders 0 Hatch Access = Exiting through a Hatch 0 Walk-Thru = Stepping Forward 0 Overshoot = Side Exit

11 Hatch Access Vertical Ladders Typically the most narrow and can be equipped with hand-hold devices (i.e. safety post) to aid the climber entering and exiting the opening (roof hatch, floor door, sewer, etc ).

12 Fixed Vertical Ladders with Walk-thrus for Roof Access 0 A Walk-thru can also be called a roof-over or side rail extension. 0 This option is used when the climber exits the ladder straight ahead / between the side rails.

13 Fixed Vertical Ladders with Walk-thrus for Mezzanines and Catwalks 0 A ladder with a walk-thru can be used to access the intermediate level above (mezzanines, catwalks, etc...).

14 Fixed Vertical Ladders with Walk-thrus for Platforms and Landings 0 A platform is used when crossing over parapet walls that can not be used as a step. 0 This application can also contain a return ladder on the backside if the platform is more than 12 for egress to the roof deck. 0 Parapet platforms are typically 6 above wall height.

15 Fixed Vertical Ladders with Overshoot (Side Exit) 0 Ladder extends above the exit point to allow the climber easy egress left or right exit. 0 Platforms or Landings. 0 Elevator Pit Ladders. 0 Offset Ladders on Silos or Storage Tanks. 0 Barn Loft.

16 Three Types of Ships Ladders Hatch Access Crossover Walk-thru

17 Hatch Access Ships Ladders Typically the most narrow and can be equipped with hand-hold devices (i.e. safety post) to aid the climber entering and exiting the opening (roof hatch, floor door, etc ).

18 Crossover Ships Ladders When required to crossover a structure, two ships ladders and a platform are used (bridge).

19 Walk-thru Ships Ladders This option is used when the climber exits the ladder straight ahead between the rails.

20 Alternating Tread (Ships) Ladders 0 Alternating Tread (ships) ladders allow the user to walk down the ladder faceforward thus giving the user clear view of the floor below. 0 Some common applications for Alternating Tread ladders include: guard towers, observation stations, control rooms, mezzanine access, and roof access.

21 Three Types of Fixed Industrial Stairways Crossover or Bridge Stairs Stairway to a Hatch Stairway with Mezzanine

22 Fixed Industrial Stairways 0 Industrial stairways include interior and exterior stairs around machinery, tanks, and other equipment, and stairs leading to or from floors, platforms, or pits. 0 Standard stairs are used to provide access from one walking-working surface to another when operations necessitate regular and routine travel between levels, including access to operating platforms for equipment. 0 Standard stairs have a climbing angle between 30 to 50 degrees which means the user can carry items (such as toolboxes, equipment, crates, etc.) up and down these stairs and meet OSHA code when accessing mezzanines, catwalks, roof hatches, etc. NOTE: With the new OSHA code you cannot build a standard stair with an incline greater than 45 degrees.

23 Disappearing Stairways (a.k.a Retractable Attic Stairs) 0 Inclined ladder style climbing system that disappears into the ceiling when not in use. 0 Applications include access to roof deck, attic space or elevated walkways. 0 This product is available in various duty ratings ranging from light weight residential to heavy duty industrial. 0 Product can be purchased for firerated installations or applications. 0 Available in Automatic = No manual assistance.

24 Manual Disappearing Stairways (a.k.a Folding Retractable Attic Stairs)

25 Automatic Disappearing Stairways (a.k.a Folding Retractable Attic Stairs)

26 Automatic Electric Disappearing Stairways

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28 Applicable Codes for Fixed Vertical Ladders 0 OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health Admin.) ANSI (American National Standards Institute) A OSHA and ANSI code are similar. The more stringent code element in each is used as a guideline in this presentation. 0 OSHA refers to ANSI but alters its version of the code. 0 Best Practice: Select manufacturers that choose to build to the more strict of the two codes in all cases and will inform you when your ladder can not comply with one or the other. 0 Some states may have special code requirements (example: Minnesota Section [Roof Equipment Access] no vertical ladders, spiral stairs, or half tread ships ladders. (alternating tread devices) Manufactures will advise you on exact requirements.

29 Three Areas of Angle 0 Ladders may not have angles greater than 90 0 Preferred pitch 76 to 90 0 Substandard pitch (inclined, ships ladder) 60 to 75 0 Fixed stairway pitch 31 to 49 (different than disappearing stairway)

30 Fixed Vertical Ladders Loading Requirements: 0 Live Load per Rung lbs. (ANSI) 0 Note: Industry standard is +/ lbs.

31 Fixed Vertical Ladders Steps, Rungs, or Cleats: 0 The requirement is to provide a burr free power grip surface. Any shape is accepted. 0 ¾ min cross section std. 0 1 min in high corrosion areas 0 Some type of anti-slip texture is preferred but not addressed in codes.

32 Fixed Vertical Ladders Step or Rung Placement: 0 First rung is level with the exit point at the top of the ladder. 0 Rungs descend in 12 increments. 0 Spacing must be equal. 0 Bottom rung must be within 14 of the ground. Top Rung Placement Detail

33 Fixed Vertical Ladders Step or Rung Vertical Spacing: 0 ANSI says12 max tread spacing uniform throughout the climb. 0 OSHA says vertical spacing and does not address the bottom rung. 0 ANSI states bottom rung must not exceed 14 above ground (relative). 14 MAX 12 MAX Width of Step: 0 16 min clear width between side rails. 16 min

34 Fixed Vertical Ladders Clear Space Behind Ladder: 0 7 min from center line of rung to wall or nearest object. 0 Exceptions for unavoidable obstructions are rarely granted. 7 min Climber Clearance: 0 Clear Width 15 left and right of the center line of the ladder except when cages are required. 7 MIN 15 min 15 min

35 Climber Clearance From the center line of the rung to the nearest object shall be 30 on vertical ladders, 36 at a pitch of 76, and on all others a proportional distance determined by the slope. (24 with deflector plate) min

36 Fixed Vertical Ladders Step Across Distance: 0 The distance from the top step to a weight bearing surface must be between 7 to Platforms are required to fill larger step across distances.

37 Ladder Extensions at Exits 0 If the exit is straight through, a 42 side rail extension is required (also called a walkthru, or roof over). 0 If the exit is to the left or right, an overshoot is used. Overshoots are at least 42 above the top step and the rungs are not omitted like in the walk-thru.

38 Ladder Extensions at Exits 0 Side rails shall extend above the exit point 42 and the rungs omitted for step through ladders (walk-thru ladders) to 30 clear opening. 0 For side exit do not omit rungs and continue spacing till the next rung above Standard holds true for caged ladders as well.

39 Safety Cages (OSHA) 0 Cages shall be provided on ladders of more than 24. Existing (installed before November 19, 2018) equipped with personal fall arrest system, ladder safety system, cage or well New (installed after November 19, 2018) equipped with a personal fall arrest system or ladder safety system Final Deadline (on and after November 18, 2036) All fixed ladders equipped with a person fall arrest system or ladders safety system 0 Cages shall extend a minimum of 42 above top landing. 0 Cages shall start not less than 7 nor more than 8 above the ground. 0 Cage sizes and shapes are set by code. 0 Recommended on shorter ladders in dangerous locations (edge of building, around machinery, in close location to chemicals). Code Provisions: Fixed Vertical Ladders

40 Safety Cages (ANSI) 0 Cages or wells shall be provided on ladders of more than 24 to a maximum unbroken length of 30 with the exception of chimneys, water tanks and towers. 0 Cages shall extend a minimum of 42 above top landing. 0 Cages shall start not less than 7 nor more than 8 above the ground. 0 Cage sizes and shapes are set by code. 0 Recommended on shorter ladders in dangerous locations (edge of building, around machinery, in close location to chemicals).

41 Landing Platforms 0 Landing platforms provided at maximum intervals of 50 feet. 0 These rest platforms shall be offset at each level. 0 Rest platforms shall have handrails and toe boards on all exposed sides. 0 Landings shall be at least 24 in length and 30 in width. 0 The ladder accessing a landing shall have its rung level with the platform. Code Provisions: Fixed Vertical Ladders

42 Ladder Safety Devices Fall Arrest Systems 0 Fall Arrest Systems can be used on all fixed ladders, including a tower, chimney, or water tank in excess of 24 in unbroken length in lieu of cage protection. No landing platform is required in these cases. 0 Rigid Rail Systems (example shown) 0 Cable / Rope Systems 0 Spool Systems 0 All systems have the climber secured in a harness and the unit attaches to allow free motion but prevent free fall. Code Provisions: Fixed Vertical Ladders

43 Guard Rail System for Opening 0 A guard rail system can be used in conjunction with a roof hatch to provide safety while open. 0 Structure shall be capable of withstanding a load of at least 200 pounds applied in any direction at any point on the top rail. 0 OSHA code applies.

44 Folding Guard Rail System for Roof Hatch 0 The Folding Guard Rail System collapses to within 6 above the Roof Hatch Cover. This keeps your OSHA compliant Aluminum Guard Rail System hidden from the viewing public.

45 Ladder Security Doors and Security Gates To keep ladders secure, all manufacturers offer a security door or security gate for new construction or retrofit.

46 Applicable Codes for Ship Ladders 0 IBC (International Building Code) 0 IBC OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration 0 OSHA Note: Some states may have special code requirements. Note: Some states may have special code requirements

47 Ship Ladders 0 Ship ladders shall have a minimum tread depth pf 5 inches (127mm). The tread shall be projected such that the total of the tread depth plus the nosing projection is no less than 8 ½ inches (216mm). The maximum riser height shall be 9 ½ inches (241mm). 8-1/2 min

48 Ship Ladders 0 Handrail height of alternating tread devices and ship ladders, measured above tread nosings, shall be uniform, not less than 30 inches (762 mm) and not more than 34 inches (864 mm) Handrails shall be provided on both sides of the ship ladders. The minimum clear width at and below the handrails shall be 20 inches (508 mm). 20 min

49 Applicable Code for Industrial Stairs 0 OSHA-Occupational Safety & Health Admin. 0 OSHA

50 Industrial Stairs 0 Standard stairs shall be designed and constructed to carry a load of five times the normal live load but never of less strength than to carry safely a moving concentrated load of 1,000 pounds. 1,000 pounds 0 Vertical clearance above any stair tread to an overhead obstruction shall be at least 6 8 feet measured from the leading edge of the tread. 6 8 min

51 Industrial Stairs Treads: 0 Fixed stairways shall have a minimum width of 22 inches. 22 min 0 All treads shall be reasonably slipresistant and the nosing shall be of nonslip finish. Anti-Slip Plate Bar Grating

52 Industrial Stairs 0 Standard stairs shall be installed at angles to the horizontal of between 30 degrees and 50 degrees. 0 Rise and tread width shall be uniform throughout any flight of stairs including any foundation structure used as one or more treads of the stairs.

53 Industrial Stairs 0 Stairway platforms shall be no less than the width of a stairway and a minimum of 30 inches in length measured in the direction of travel. 30 min 0 Standard railings shall be provided on the open sides of all exposed stairways and stair platforms. Handrails shall be provided on at least one side of closed stairways preferably on the right side descending.

54 Industrial Stairs (b)(11)(ii) Each flight of stairs having at least 3 treads and at least 4 risers is equipped with stair rail systems and handrails as follows: Table D-2 -- Stairway Handrail Requirements Stair width Enclosed One open side Two open sides Less than 44 inches (1.1 At least one handrail One stair rail system with m). handrail on open side. 44 inches (1.1 m) to 88 inches (2.2 m). Greater than 88 inches (2.2 m). One handrail on each enclosed side One handrail on each enclosed side and one intermediate handrail located in the middle of the stair One Stair rail system with handrail on open side and one handrail on enclosed side. One stair rail system with handrail on open side, one handrail on enclosed side, and one intermediate handrail located in the middle of the stair. Exterior stairs less than 4.4 inches (1.1 m). Note to table: The width of the stair must be clear of all obstructions except handrails. One stair rail system with handrail on each open side. One stair rail system with handrail on each open side. One stair rail system with handrail on each open side and one intermediate handrail located in the middle of the stair. With earth built up on both sides One handrail on least one side.

55 Industrial Stairs Stair Rail = 42 minimum Handrail = 38 maximum 42 min 38 max

56 Applicable Code for Disappearing Stairways 0 American National Standards Institute 0 ANSI A

57 Disappearing Stairways Tread Depth: 0 3 minimum residential 0 5 minimum commercial Tread Width: 0 11 minimum residential 0 15 minimum commercial

58 Disappearing Stairways Load Rating: pounds residential pounds commercial 300 pound residential 500 pound commercial Angle: 0 All disappearing climbing devices must be 66 degrees or less from the horizontal.

59 Manual Disappearing Stairways (Folding) Can be installed in various types of ceiling assemblies. 0 Truss ceilings 0 Suspended ceilings Frame Types: 0 Box 0 Deep Box 0 Deep Angle Check with manufacturer sizing.

60 Manual Disappearing Stairways 0 Fire-Rated 0 Non-Rated 0 Placement 0 Roof access (with hatch) 0 Attic access 0 Through ceilings to other level, including fire-rated ceilings 0 Advantage: Can be shipped as a complete assembly as shown here. (roof hatch & disappearing stairway ready to install into opening)

61 Applicable Codes for Fire Rating 0 ASTM E-119: Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials (This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions.) 0 UBC 43-7: 0 Revised to 43-2 (Fire Test of Door Assemblies) 0 IBC: Fire Separation (In regards to the material used to assemble) Access Doors (Fire-Resistance Rating) Attic (General precautions against fire)

62 Horizontal Fire Test of a Disappearing Stairways 0 Fire-Rated Test Unit tested in these images was installed in a complete ceiling assembly. Check with manufacturer for Fire-Rated Label Inside oven during the test 1 hour at 1700 degrees At the end of test red hot door Testing oven After the 2-hour test at 1800 degrees still fully functional!

63 Applicable Codes for Fire Separated Ceilings / 2006 IBC contains language which has made the use of a firerated ceiling more common. 0 Fire-rated disappearing stairways are available. Proliferation of 2003 / 2006 IBC

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65 Summary When incorporating Access Ladders & Stairways into your next project, remember: 1. Determine which type of access ladder or stairway is needed for your application. 2. Incorporate access ladders and stairways into the design development phase of building. 3. Always use manufacturers who build access ladders and stairways to OSHA, ANSI and IBC design criteria.

66 Course Summary Now the design professional will be able to: 0 Identify the types of fixed access ladders and disappearing stairways. 0 Describe applications for each type of fixed ladder or disappearing stairway. 0 List the applicable building code considerations. 0 Accurately specify the ladder or stairway needed for a project based on the application and applicable building code.

67 4188 East Andrew Johnson Highway Morristown, TN Super Simplex Disappearing Stairway Automatic Electric Disappearing Stairway Automatic Super Simplex FL Series Wall Ladders AT Alternating Tread SL Series Ships Ladders Industrial Stairs Roof Hatches Ron Blank & Associates, Inc. 2013