Soils, Earthwork, Foundations. and. A Practical Approach Based on 2015 IRC and IBC

Transcription

1 Soils, Earthwork, and Foundations A Practical Approach Based on 2015 IRC and IBC Kirby T. Meyer, P.E., F.ASCE Dean R. Read, P.E., F.PTI

2 Soils, Earthwork, and Foundations: A Practical Approach Third Edition ISBN: Cover Design: Publications Manager: Project Editor: Layout: Carmel Gieson Mary Lou Luif Greg Dickson Sue Brockman COPYRIGHT 2016 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This publication is a copyrighted work owned by the International Code Council, Inc. Without advance written permission from the copyright owner, no part of this book may be reproduced, distributed or transmitted in any form or by any means, including, without limitation, electronic, optical or mechanical means (by way of example and not limitation, photocopying or recording by or in an information storage and retrieval system). For information on permission to copy material exceeding fair use, please contact: Publications, 4051 West Flossmoor Road, Country Club Hills, IL Phone ICC-SAFE ( ). The information contained in this document is believed to be accurate; however, it is being provided for informational purposes only and is intended for use only as a guide. Publication of this document by the ICC should not be construed as the ICC engaging in or rendering engineering, legal or other professional services. Use of the information contained in this book should not be considered by the user to be a substitute for the advice of a registered professional architect, engineer, attorney or other professional. If such advice is required, it should be sought through the services of a registered professional architect, engineer, licensed attorney or other professional. Trademarks: International Code Council, the International Code Council logo, the International Building Code, and the International Residential Code are trademarks of International Code Council, Inc. First Printing: May 2016 PRINTED IN THE U.S.A.

3 Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 The Purpose of Foundations and A Foundation s Relationship to Soil Chapter 3 Geology Chapter 4 Rock Chapter 5 Soil Chapter 6 Groundwater and Surface Water Chapter 7 Site Investigations Chapter 8 Testing Rock and Soil Chapter 9 Analysis of Site Information and Construction Documents Chapter 10 Excavation and Grading Chapter 11 Soil and Seismics Chapter 12 Spread or Strip Footings Chapter 13 Pier Foundations Chapter 14 Pile Foundations Chapter 15 Raft or Mat Foundation Chapter 16 Soil-Supported Slab Floor with Structural Footings Chapter 17 Site-Stabilization Techniques Chapter 18 Retaining Structures Chapter 19 Slope Stability Chapter 20 Recap of Site and Foundation Red Lights Chapter 21 Construction Inspection Chapter 22 Foundation Non-Performance Glossary Test Question Answers Appendix Example of Soils Report Metric Units, System International (SI) iii

4 PREFACE to the 3 rd EDITION The subjects in this book (and previous editions) provide insights into the design, plan review, construction, and inspection of soils, earthwork, and foundations. This book is intended to fill a void in technical publishing that has long existed between textbooks intended for use by professional engineers and knowledge gained by experience and on the job training that has been the traditional training ground for inspectors, construction personnel, and technicians. The contents are based on sound principles and up-to-date technology sharpened by the authors extensive construction exposure and forensic studies of failures. The first and second editions contained frequent references and coordination with the applicable chapters of the 2006 International Residential Code and 2006 International Building Code and 2012 International Residential Code and 2012 International Building Code respectively. This edition makes similar references to the 2015 International Residential Code (IRC ) and the 2015 International Building Code (IBC ). This is a unique feature rarely found in any similar textbook on the subject. Studying the book will not make the reader an expert professional but will permit the reader to better communicate with geotechnical and structural professionals and will benefit those who do code enforcement, plan reviews, construction inspections, laboratory testing, and construction related to foundations and earthwork. Architects and engineers will also benefit from the information on design and field applications. Engineering students and graduate engineers who are starting to work as professionals will find it helpful in bringing together coursework topics and practical applications. This book will also benefit those who plan to participate in a certification exam on the subject of soils, earthwork, grading, and foundations through gained knowledge on the most important issues relevant to the subjects. While it is labeled a practical book, many of the topics are not thoroughly understood by all practicing engineers. One difficulty is that geotechnical engineers understand their discipline very well but may not always be familiar with the work of structural engineers; the opposite is also true. Due to the interaction between the soil and foundations, some crossover knowledge between the geotechnical and structural disciplines is important. The authors hope that this book will help bridge that gap. Test questions are included at the end of each chapter to evaluate the reader s understanding of the presented concepts. An answer key follows the Glossary. v

5 ABOUT THE AUTHORS Kirby T. Meyer was a Professional Engineer licensed in Texas and Colorado who had a bachelor s and master s degree in civil and geotechnical engineering from Texas A&M University and studied at Harvard and the University of Texas at Austin, concentrating in geotechnical and foundation engineering. He had over 40 years of experience in the subject of this book and was a Fellow of the American Society of Civil Engineers and a Diplomate of the Academy of Geo-Professionals. Dean R. Read is a Professional Engineer licensed in Texas, Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Arkansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Colorado, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands who has a Bachelor of Science in Architectural Engineering and a Master of Science in Engineering (Structural) from The University of Texas at Austin. He has over 20 years of experience in the subjects of this book and is a Fellow of the Post-Tensioning Institute. Contact him with questions and comments at MLAW Forensics, Inc. in Austin, Texas. drread@mlawforensics.com. vi

6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This book is dedicated to the memory of Kirby T. Meyer, who was my mentor and friend. I would like to thank MLAW Engineers and MLA Labs for their assistance updating this book. A special thank you is due to Brian Burns, Jeff King, and my wife, Carolyn, for their many hours helping me update and review this book. Dean Valuable information regarding earthwork operations and equipment was provided by Jim Ivan, Estimator/Project Manager, and Mark Mackenzie, President, both of Ranger Excavating Company in Austin, Texas; Dale Layne, Regional Sales Manager, HOLT CAT, Austin, Texas; Steve Huedepohl, HOLT CAT multimedia communications manager, San Antonio, Texas; Caterpillar, Inc., locations worldwide; Kelly Zerr, HOLT Agribusiness, San Antonio, Texas; Troy Wilson, Wishek Manufacturing, LLC, Wishek, N.D; and Brian Ritchie, Accurate Foundation Repair, Fort Worth, Texas. Thanks to all. vii