EXERCISE 2. Codes Course Supplement California Building Code International Building Code

Transcription

1 EXERCISE 2 SECTION 3 01 GENERA L Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall control the classification of all buildings and structures as to use and occupancy. SECTION 30 2 CLASSIFICA TION General. Structures or portions of structures shall be classified with r es pect to occupancy in one or more of the groups listed in this section. A room or space that is intended to be occupied at different times for different purposes shall comply with a ll of the requirements that are applicable to each of the purposes for which the room or space will be occupied. Structures with multiple occupancies or uses shall comply with Section 508. Where a structure is proposed for a purpose that is not specifically provided for in this code, such structure s hall be classified in the group that the o c cupancy most nearly resembles, according to the fire safety and rela tive hazard involved. 1. Assembly (see Section 303): Groups A-I, A-2, A-3, A-4 and A-5 2. Business (see Section 304): Group B 3. Educa tional (see Section 305): Group E 6. Institutional (see Section 308): Groups I-I, 1-2, 1-2.1, 1-3 and Mercantile (see Section 309): Group M 12. Storage (see Section 311): Groups S-1 and S -2 SECTION 303 ASSEMBLY GROUP A Assembly Group A. Assembly Group A occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, for the gathering of persons for purposes such as civic, social or religious functions; recreation, food or drink consumption or awaiting transportation Small buildings and tenant spaces. A building or tenant space used for assembly purposes with an occupant load of less than 50 persons shall be classified as a Group B occupancy Small assembly spaces. The following rooms and spaces shall not be classified as Assembly occupancies: 1. A room or space used for assembly purposes with an occupant load of less than 50 persons and accessory 1

2 to another occupancy shall be classified as a Group B occupancy or as part of that occupancy. 2. A room or space used for assembly purposes that is less than 750 square feet (70 m 2 ) in area and accessory to another occupancy shall be classified as a Group B occupancy or as part of that occupancy Associated with Group E occupancies. A room or space used for assembly purposes that is associated with a Group E occupancy is not considered a separate occupancy Assembly Group A-1. Assembly uses, usually with fixed seating, intended for the production and viewing of the performing arts or motion pictures including, but not limited to: Motion picture theaters Symphony and concert halls Television and radio studios admitting an audience Theaters Assembly Group A-2. Assembly uses intended for food and/or drink consumption including, but not limited to: Banquet halls Casinos (gaming areas) Nightclubs Restaurants, cafeterias and similar dining facilities (including associated commercial kitchens) Taverns and bars Assembly Group A-3. Assembly uses intended for worship, recreation or amusement and other assembly uses not classified elsewhere in Group A including, but not limited to: Amusement arcades Art galleries Bowling alleys Community halls Courtrooms Dance halls (not including food or drink consumption) Exhibition halls Funeral parlors Gymnasiums (without spectator seating) Indoor swimming pools (without spectator seating) Indoor tennis courts (without spectator seating) Lecture halls Libraries Museums Places of religious worship Pool and billiard parlors Waiting areas in transportation terminals Assembly Group A-4. Assembly uses intended for viewing of indoor sporting events and activities with spectator seating including, but not limited to: 2

3 Arenas Skating rinks Swimming pools Tennis courts Assembly Group A-5. Assembly uses intended for participation in or viewing outdoor activities including, but not limited to: Amusement park structures Bleachers Grandstands Stadiums SECTION 304 BUSINESS GROUP B Business Group B. Business Group B occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, for office, professional or service-type transactions, including storage of records and accounts. Business occupancies shall include, but not be limited to, the following: Airport traffic control towers Ambulatory care facilities serving five or fewer patients Animal hospitals, kennels and pounds Banks Barber and beauty shops Car wash Civic administration Clinic, outpatient [SFM] (not classified as Group I-2.1) Dry cleaning and laundries: pick-up and delivery stations and self-service Educational occupancies for students above the 12th grade Electronic data processing Food processing establishments and commercial kitchens not associated with restaurants, cafeterias an similar dining facilities not more than 2,500 square feet in area Laboratories: testing, research and [SFM] instruction Motor vehicle showrooms Post offices Print shops Professional services (architects, attorneys, dentists, physicians, engineers, etc.) Radio and television stations Telephone exchanges Training and skill development not within a school or academic program (this shall include, but not be limited to, tutoring centers, martial arts studios, gymnastics and similar uses regardless of the ages served, and where not classified as a Group A occupancy) Definitions. The following terms are defined in Chapter 2: AMBULATORY CARE FACILITY. 3

4 CLINIC, OUTPATIENT. SECTION 305 EDUCATIONAL GROUP E Educational Group E. Educational Group E occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, by more than six persons at any one time for educational purposes through the 12th grade. Exception: [SFM] A residence used as a home school for the children who normally reside at the residence. Such residences shall remain classified as Group R-2, or Group R-3 occupancies Accessory to places of religious worship. Religious educational rooms and religious auditoriums, which are accessory to places of religious worship in accordance with Section and have occupant loads of less than 100, shall be classified as Group A-3 occupancies Group E, day care facilities. This group includes buildings and structures or portions thereof occupied by more than six children 2 years of age and older who receive educational, supervision or personal care services for fewer than 24 hours per day. Exception: [SFM] A Day-care facility not otherwise classified as an R-3 occupancy, where occupants are not capable of responding to an emergency situation without physical assistance from the staff shall be classified as Group I Within places of religious worship. Rooms and spaces within places of religious worship providing such day care during religious functions shall be classified as part of the primary occupancy where not licensed for daycare purposes by the Department of Social Services. SECTION 308 INSTITUTIONAL GROUP I Institutional Group I. Institutional Group I occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, in which care or supervision is provided to persons who are or are not capable of self-preservation without physical assistance or in which persons are detained for penal or correctional purposes or in which the liberty of the occupants is restricted. Institutional occupancies shall be classified as Group I-1, I-2, I-3 or I-4. Restraint shall not be permitted in any building except in Group I-3 occupancies constructed for such use, see Section Where occupancies house both ambulatory and nonambulatory persons, the more restrictive requirements shall apply Definitions. The following terms are defined in Chapter 2: 24-HOUR CARE. CUSTODIAL CARE. 4

5 DETOXIFICATION FACILITIES. FOSTER CARE FACILITIES. HOSPITALS AND PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALS. INCAPABLE OF SELF-PRESERVATION. MEDICAL CARE. NURSING HOMES Institutional Group I-1. Not used. (See Group R-2.1 Section 310.1) Institutional Group I-2. Institutional Group I-2 occupancy shall include buildings and structures used for medical care on a 24-hour basis for more than five persons who are incapable of self-preservation or classified as nonambulatory or bedridden. This group shall include, but not be limited to, the following:. Foster care facilities Detoxification facilities Hospitals Nursing homes Psychiatric hospitals Institutional Group I-2.1 Ambulatory health care facility. A healthcare facility that receives persons for outpatient medical care that may render the patient incapable of unassisted self-preservation and where each tenant space accommodates more than five such patients Institutional Group I-4, day care facilities. This group shall include buildings and structures occupied by more than six clients of any age who receive custodial care for fewer than 24 hours per day by persons other than parents or guardians, relatives by blood, marriage or adoption, and in a place other than the home of the clients cared for. This group shall include, but not be limited to, the following: Adult day care Child day care Classification as Group E. A child day care facility that provides care for more than six but no more than 100 children under 2 years of age, where the rooms in which the children are cared for are located on a level of exit discharge serving such rooms and each of these child care rooms has an exit door directly to the exterior, shall be classified as Group E. SECTION 309 MERCANTILE GROUP M Mercantile Group M. Mercantile Group M occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure or a portion thereof, for the display and sale of merchandise and involves stocks of goods, wares or merchandise incidental to such purposes and accessible to the public. Mercantile occupancies shall include, but not be limited to, the following: Department stores 5

6 Drug stores Markets Motor fuel-dispensing facilities Retail or wholesale stores Sales rooms SECTION 310 RESIDENTIAL GROUP R Residential Group R. Residential Group R includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, for sleeping purposes when not classified as an Institutional Group I or when not regulated by the California Residential Code. SECTION 311 STORAGE GROUP S Storage Group S. Storage Group S occupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof, for storage that is not classified as a hazardous occupancy Accessory storage spaces. A room or space used for storage purposes that is less than 100 square feet (9.3 m2) in area and accessory to another occupancy shall be classified as part of that occupancy. The aggregate area of such rooms or spaces shall not exceed the allowable area limits of Section Moderate-hazard storage, Group S-1. Buildings occupied for storage uses that are not classified as Group S-2, including, but not limited to, storage of the following: Aerosols, Levels 2 and 3 Aircraft hangar (storage and repair) Bags: cloth, burlap and paper Bamboos and rattan Baskets Belting: canvas and leather Books and paper in rolls or packs Boots and shoes Buttons, including cloth covered, pearl or bone Cardboard and cardboard boxes Clothing, woolen wearing apparel Cordage Dry boat storage (indoor) Furniture Furs Glues, mucilage, pastes and size Grains Horns and combs, other than celluloid Leather Linoleum Lumber Motor vehicle repair garages complying with the 6

7 maximum allowable quantities of hazardous materials listed in Table 307.1(1) (see Section 406.8) Photo engravings Resilient flooring Silks Soaps Sugar Tires, bulk storage of Tobacco, cigars, cigarettes and snuff Upholstery and mattresses Wax candles Low-hazard storage, Group S-2. Storage Group S-2 occupancies include, among others, buildings used for the storage of noncombustible materials such as products on wood pallets or in paper cartons with or without single thickness divisions; or in paper wrappings. Such products are permitted to have a negligible amount of plastic trim, such as knobs, handles or film wrapping. Group S-2 storage uses shall include, but not be limited to, storage of the following: Asbestos Beverages up to and including 16-percent alcohol in metal, glass or ceramic containers Cement in bags Chalk and crayons Dairy products in nonwaxed coated paper containers Dry cell batteries Electrical coils Electrical motors Empty cans Food products Foods in noncombustible containers Fresh fruits and vegetables in nonplastic trays or containers Frozen foods Glass Glass bottles, empty or filled with noncombustible liquids Gypsum board Inert pigments Ivory Meats Metal cabinets Metal desks with plastic tops and trim Metal parts Metals Mirrors Oil-filled and other types of distribution transformers Parking garages, open or enclosed Porcelain and pottery Stoves Talc and soapstones 7

8 Washers and dryers SECTION 312 UTILITY AND MISCELLANEOUS GROUP U General. Buildings and structures of an accessory character and miscellaneous structures not classified in any specific occupancy shall be constructed, equipped and maintained to conform to the requirements of this code commensurate with the fire and life hazard incidental to their occupancy. Group U shall include, but not be limited to, the following: Agricultural buildings Aircraft hangars, accessory to a one- or two-family residence (see Section 412.5) Barns Carports Fences more than 6 feet (1829 mm) in height Grain silos, accessory to a residential occupancy Greenhouses Livestock shelters Private garages Retaining walls Sheds Stables Tanks Towers SECTION 508 MIXED USE AND OCCUPANCY General. Each portion of a building shall be individually classified in accordance with Section Where a building contains more than one occupancy group, the building or portion thereof shall comply with the applicable provisions of Section 508.2, or 508.4, or a combination of these sections Separated occupancies. Buildings or portions of buildings that comply with the provisions of this section shall be considered as separated occupancies Occupancy classification. Separated occupancies shall be individually classified in accordance with Section Each separated space shall comply with this code based on the occupancy classification of that portion of the building Separation. Individual occupancies shall be separated from adjacent occupancies in accordance with Table

9 9

10 SECTION 509 INCIDENTAL USES General. Incidental uses located within single occupancy or mixed occupancy buildings shall comply with the provisions of this section. Incidental uses are ancillary functions associated with a given occupancy that generally pose a greater level of risk to that occupancy and are limited to those uses listed in Table

11 SECTION 1004 OCCUPANT LOAD Design occupant load. In determining means of egress requirements, the number of occupants for whom means of egress facilities shall be provided shall be determined in accordance with this section Cumulative occupant loads. Where the path of egress travel includes intervening rooms, areas or spaces, cumulative occupant loads shall be determined in accordance with this section Intervening spaces or accessory areas. Where occupants egress from one or more rooms, areas or spaces through others, the design occupant load shall be the combined occupant load of interconnected accessory or intervening spaces. Design of egress path capacity shall be based on the cumulative portion of occupant loads of all rooms, areas or spaces to that point along the path of egress travel Areas without fixed seating. The number of occupants shall be computed at the rate of one occupant per unit of area as prescribed in Table For areas without fixed seating, the occupant load shall not be less than that number determined by dividing the floor area under consideration by the occupant load factor assigned to the function of the space as set forth in Table Where an intended function is not listed in Table , the building official shall establish a function based on a listed function that most nearly resembles the intended function. Exception: Where approved by the building official, the actual number of occupants for whom each occupied space, floor or building is designed, although less than those determined by calculation, shall be permitted to be used in the determination of the design occupant load Posting of occupant load. Every room or space that which is used for assembly, classroom, dining, drinking, or similar purposed having an occupant load of 50 or more shall have the occupant load of the room or space posted in a conspicuous place, near the main exit or exit access doorway from the room or space. Posted signs shall be of an approved legible permanent design and shall be maintained by the owner or authorized agent. 11

12 12

13 SECTION 202 DEFINITIONS AREA, BUILDING. The area included within surrounding exterior walls (or exterior walls and fire walls) exclusive of vent shafts and courts. Areas of the building not provided with surrounding walls shall be included in the building area if such areas are included within the horizontal projection of the roof or floor above. CONVERSION TABLE INCHES TO DECIMAL FEET (Not part of the code) Inches Decimal Feet

14 EXERCISE 3 SECTION 202 DEFINITIONS COMMON PATH OF EGRESS TRAVEL. That portion of the exit access travel distance measured from the most remote point within a story to that point where the occupants have separate access to two exits or exit access doorways. SECTION 1006 NUMBER OF EXITS AND EXIT ACCESS DOORWAYS Egress based on occupant load and common path of egress travel distance. Two exits or exit access doorways from any space shall be provided where the design occupant load or the common path of egress travel distance exceeds the values listed in Table Three or more exits or exit access door ways. Three exits or exit access doorways shall be pro vided from any space with an occupant load of 501 to 1,000. Four exits or exit access doorways shall be provided from any space with an occupant load greater than 1, Egress based on use. The numbers of exits or access to exits shall be provided in the uses described in Sections through Day care means of egress. Day care facilities, rooms or spaces where care is provided for more than 10 children that are 2 years of age or less, shall have access to not less than two exits or exit access doorways. 14

15 SECTION 1007 EXIT AND EXIT ACCESS DOORWAY CONFIGURATION General. Exits, exit access doorways, and exit access stairways and ramps serving spaces, including individual building stories, shall be separated in accordance with the provisions of this section Two exits or exit access doorways. Where two exits, exit access doorways, exit access stairways or ramps, or any combination thereof, are required from any portion of the exit access, they shaii be placed a distance apart equal to not less than one-half or the length of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the building or area to be served measured in a straight line between them. Interlocking or scissor stairways shall he counted as one exit stairway. Exceptions: 1.Where interior exit stairways or ramps are inter connected by a I-hour fire-resistance-rated corri dor conforming to the requirements of Section 1020, the 15

16 required exit separation shall be mea sured along the shortest direct line of travel within the corridor. 2.Where a building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section l. l or , the separation dis tance shall be not less than one-third of the length of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the area served Measurement point. The separation dis tance required in Section l.l shall be measured in accordance with the following: l. The separation distance to exit or exit access doorways shall be measured to any point along the width of the doorway. 2.The separation distance to exit access stairways shall be measured to the closest riser. 3.The separation distance to exit access ramps shall be measured to the start of the ramp run Three or more exits or exit access doorways. Where access to three or more exits is required, not less than two exit or exit access doorways shall be arranged in accordance with the provisions of Section Additional required exit or exit access doorways shall be arranged a reasonable distance apart so that if one becomes blocked. the others will be available. SECTION 1016 EXIT ACCESS General. The exit access shall comply with the appli cable provisions of Sections 1003 through Exit access arrangement shall comply with Sections 1016 through Egress through intervening spaces. Egress through intervening spaces shall comply with this section. 2. Egress from a room or space shall not pass through adjoining or intervening rooms or areas, except where such adjoining rooms or areas and the area served are accessory to one or the other, are not a Group H occu pancy and provide a discernible path of egress travel to an exit. 5. Egress shall not pass through kitchens, storage rooms, closets or spaces used for similar purposes. 16

17 SECTION 1008 DOORS, GATES AND TURNSTILES [DSA-AC] In addition to the requirements of this section, means of egress, which provide access to, or egress from, buildings or facilities where accessibility is required for applications listed in Section regulated by the Division of the State Architect Access Compliance, shall also comply with Chapter 11A or Chapter 11B, Sections 11B and 11B-404, as applicable Doors. Means of egress doors shall meet the requirements of this section. Doors serving a means of egress system shall meet the requirements of this section and Section Doors provided for egress purposes in numbers greater than required by this code shall meet the requirements of this section. Means of egress doors shall be readily distinguishable from the adjacent construction and finishes such that the doors are easily recognizable as doors. Mirrors or similar reflecting materials shall not be used on means of egress doors. Means of egress doors shall not be concealed by curtains, drapes, decorations or similar materials Size of doors. The required capacity of each door opening shall be sufficient for the occupant load thereof and shall provide a minimum clear width of 32 inches (813 mm). Clear openings of doorways with swinging doors shall be measured between the face of the door and the stop, with the door open 90 degrees (1.57 rad). Where this section requires a minimum clear width of 32 inches (813 mm) and a door opening includes two door leaves without a mullion, one leaf shall provide a clear opening width of 32 inches (813 mm). The maximum width of a swinging door leaf shall be 48 inches (1219 mm) nominal. Means of egress doors in a Group 1-2 or occupancy used for the movement of beds and stretcher patients shall provide a clear width not less than 44 inches (1118 mm). The height of door openings shall be not less than 80 inches (2032 mm). Exceptions: 3. Door openings to storage closets less than 10 square feet (0.93 Ill") in area shall not be limited by the minimum width Projections into clear width. There shall not be projections into the required clear width lower than 34 inches (864 mm) above the floor or ground. Projections into the clear opening width between 34 inches (864 mm) and 80 inches (2032 mm) above the 17

18 floor or ground shall not exceed 4 inches (102 mm). Exception: Door closers and door stops shall be permitted to be 78 inches (1980 mm) minimum above the floor Door swing. Egress doors shall be of the pivoted or side-hinged swinging type. Exceptions: 1. Private garages, office areas, factory and storage arcas with an occupant load of 10 or less Direction of swing. Pivot or side-hinged swinging doors shall swing in the direction of egress travel where serving a room or area containing an occupant load of 50 or more persons or a Group H occupancy. For Group L occupancies, see Section In a Group I-2 occupancy, all required exterior egress doors shall open in the direction of egress regardless of the occupant load served Door operations. Except as specifically permitted by this section egress doors shall be readily openable from the egress side without the use of a key or special knowledge or effort. CHAPTER 11B DIVISION 4 11B Clearances. Walking surfaces shall provide clearances complying with Section 11B Exception: Within employee work areas, clearances on common use circulation paths shall be permitted to be decreased by work area equipment provided that the decrease is essential to the function of the work being performed. 11B Clear width. Except as provided in Sections 11B and 11B , the clear width of walking surfaces shall be 36 inches ( 914 mm) minimum. Exceptions: 1. The clear width shall be permitted to be reduced to 32 inches ( 813 mm) minimum for a length of 24 inches (610 mm) maximum provided that reduced width segments are separated by segments that are 48 inches ( 1219 mm) long minimum and 36 inches ( 914 mm) wide minimum. 2. The clear width for walking surfaces in corridors serving an occupant load of 10 or more shall be 44 inches (1118 mm) minimum. 3. The clear width for sidewalks and walks shall be 48 inches (1219 mm) minimum. When, because of right-of-way restrictions, natural barriers or other existing conditions, the enforcing agency determines that compliance with the 48-inch (1219 mm) clear sidewalk width would create an 18

19 unreasonable hardship, the clear width may be reduced to 36 inches (914 mm). 4. The clear width for aisles shall be 36 inches (914 mm) minimum if serving elements on only one side, and 44 inches (1118 mm) minimum if serving elements on both sides. 5. The clear width for accessible routes to accessible toilet compartments shall be 44 inches ( 1118 mm) except for door-opening widths and door swings. 19

20 EXERCISE 4 SECTION 1018 AISLES General. Aisles and aisle accessways serving as a portion of the exit access in the means of egress system shall comply with the requirements of this section. Aisles or aisle accessways shall be provided from all occupied portions of the exit access which contain seats, tables, furnishings, displays and similar fixtures or equipment. The required width of aisles shall be unobstructed. Exception: Encroachments complying with Section Aisles in Groups Band M. In Group Band M occupancies, the minimum clear aisle width shall be determined by Section for the occupant load served, but shall be not less than that required for corridors by Section B Clear width. Exceptions: 4. The clear width for aisles shall be 36 inches (914 mm) minimum if serving elements on only one side, and 44 inches (1118 mm) minimum if serving elements on both sides. SECTION 1005 MEANS OF EGRESS SIZING General. All portions of the means of egress system shall be sized in accordance with this section. Exception: Means of egress complying with Section Minimum width based on component. The minimum width, in inches (mm), of any means of egress components shall not be less than that specified for such component, elsewhere in this code Required capacity based on occupant load. The required capacity, in inches (mm), of the means of egress for any room, area, space or story shall not be less than that determined in accordance with Sections and : Stairways. The capacity, in inches (mm), of means of egress stairways shall be calculated by multiplying the occupant load served by such stairway by a means of egress capacity factor of 0.3 inch (7.6 mm) per occupant. Where stairways serve more than one story, only the 20

21 occupant load of each story considered individually shall be used in calculating the required capacity of the stairways serving that story Other egress components. The capacity, in inches (mm), of means of egress components other than stairways shall be calculated by multiplying the occupant load served by such component by a means of egress capacity factor of 0.2 inch (5.1 mm) per occupant Continuity. The minimum width or required capacity of the means of egress required from any story of a building shall not be reduced along the path of egress travel until arrival at the public way Encroachment. Encroachments into the required means of egress width shall be in accordance with the provisions of this section Doors. Doors, when fully opened, shall not reduce the required width by more than 7 inches (178 mm). Doors in any position shall not reduce the required width by more than one-half Other projections. Handrail projections shall be in accordance with the provisions of Section Other nonstructural projections such as trim and similar decorative features shall be permitted to project into the required width a maximum of 1½ inches (38 mm) on each side. SECTION 1020 CORRIDORS Construction. Corridors shall be fire-resistance rated in accordance with Table The corridor walls required to be fire-resistance rated shall comply with Section 708 for fire partitions. 21

22 Width and capacity. The required capacity of corridors shall be determined as specified in Section , but the minimum width shall be not less than that specified in Table , Dead ends. Where more than one exit or exit access doorway is required, the exit access shall be arranged such that there are no dead ends in corridors more than 20 feet (6096 mm) in length. 22

23 Corridor continuity. Fire-resistance-rated corridors shall be continuous from the point of entry to an exit, and shall not be interrupted by intervening rooms. Where the path of egress travel within a fire-resistance-rated corridor to the exit includes travel along unenclosed exit access stairways or ramps, the fire-resistance rating shall be continuous for the length of the stairway or ramp and for the length of the connecting corridor on the adjacent floor leading to the exit. Exceptions: 1. Foyers, lobbies or reception rooms constructed as required for corridors shall not be construed as intervening rooms. SECTION 1022 EXITS General. Exits shall comply with Sections 1022 through 1027 and the applicable requirements of Sections 1003 through An exit shall not be used for any purpose that interferes with its function as a means of egress. Once a given level of exit protection is achieved, such level of protection shall not be reduced until arrival at the exit discharge. Exits shall be continuous from the point of entry into the exit to the exit discharge Exterior exit doors. Buildings or structures used for human occupancy shall have not less than one exterior door that meets the requirements of Section Arrangement. Exterior exit doors shall lead directly to the exit discharge or the public way. SECTION 1023 INTERIOR EXIT STAIRWAYS AND RAMPS General. Interior exit stairways and interior exit ramps serving as an exit component in a means of egress system shall comply with the requirements of this section. Interior exit stairways and ramps shall lead directly to the exterior of the building or shall be extended to the exterior of the building with an exit passageway conforming to the requirements of Section 1024, except as permitted in Section An interior exit stairway or ramp shall not be used for any purpose other than as a means of egress and a circulation path Construction. Enclosures for interior exit stairways and ramps shall be constructed as fire barriers in accordance with Section 707 or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711, or both. Interior exit stairway and ramp enclosures shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 hours where connecting four stories or more and not less than 1 hour where connecting less than four stories. The number of stories connected by the interior exit stairways or ramps shall include any basements, but not any mezzanines. 23

24 Interior exit stairways and ramps shall have a fire resistance rating not less than the floor assembly penetrated, but need not exceed 2 hours. 24

25 EXERCISE 5 11B- 202 Existing buildings and facilities 11B Prohibited reduction in access. An alteration that decreases or has the effect of decreasing the accessibility of a building or facility below the requirements for new construction at the time of the alteration is prohibited. SECTION 202 DEFINITIONS ADJUSTED CONSTRUCTION COST. All costs directly related to the construction of a project, including labor, material, equipment, services, utilities, contractor financing, contractor overhead and profit, and construction management costs. The costs shall not be reduced by the value of components, assemblies, building equipment or construction not directly associated with accessibility or usability. The adjusted construction cost shall not include: project management fees and expenses, architectural and engineering fees, testing and inspection fees, and utility connection or service district fees. UNREASONABLE HARDSHIP. When the enforcing agency finds that compliance with the building standard would make the specific work of the project affected by the building standard infeasible, based on an overall evaluation of the following factors: 1. The cost of providing access. 2. The cost of all construction contemplated. 3. The impact of proposed improvements on financial feasibility of the project. 4. The nature of the accessibility which would be gained or lost. 5. The nature of the use of the facility under construction and its availability to persons with disabilities. The details of any finding of unreasonable hardship shall be recorded and entered in the files of the enforcing agency. 11B Path of travel requirements in alterations, additions and structural repairs. When alterations or additions are made to existing buildings or facilities, an accessible path of travel to the specific area of alteration or addition shall be provided. The primary accessible path of travel shall include: 1. A primary entrance to the building or facility, 2. Toilet and bathing facilities serving the area, 3. Drinking fountains serving the area, 4. Public telephones serving the area, and 25

26 5. Signs. 8. When the adjusted construction cost, as defined, is less than or equal to the current valuation threshold, as defined, the cost of compliance with Section 11b shall be limited to 20 percent of the adjusted construction cost of alterations, structural repairs or additions. When the cost of full compliance with Section 11b would exceed 20 percent, compliance shall be provided to the greatest extent possible without exceeding 20 percent. When the adjusted construction cost, as defined, exceeds the current valuation threshold, as defined, and the enforcing agency determines the cost of compliance with Section 11 B is an unreasonable hardship, as defined, full compliance with Section 11 B shall not be required. Compliance shall be provided by equivalent facilitation or to the greatest extent possible without creating an unreasonable hardship; but in no case shall the cost of compliance be less than 20 percent of the adjusted construction cost of alterations, structural repairs or additions. The details of the finding of unreasonable hardship shall be recorded and entered into the files of the enforcing agency and shall be subject to Chapter 1, Section , Special Conditions for Persons with Disabilities Requiring Appeals Action Ratification. For the purposes of this exception, the adjusted construction cost of alterations, structural repairs or additions shall not include the cost of alterations to path of travel elements required to comply with Section II B In choosing which accessible elements to provide, priority should be given to those elements that will provide the greatest access in the following order: 1. An accessible entrance; 2. All accessible route to the altered area; 3. At least one accessible restroom for each sex or one accessible unisex (single-user or family) restroom; 4. Accessible telephones; 5. Accessible drinking fountains; and 6. When possible, additional accessible elements such as parking, signs, storage and alarms. If an area has been altered without providing an accessible path of travel to that area, and subse quent alterations of that area or a different orea on the same path of travel are undertaken within three years of the original alteration, the total cost of alterations to the areas on that path of travel during the preceding three-year period shall be 26

27 considered in determining whether the cost of making that path of travel accessible is disproportionate. 27

28 GOGGLE DESCRIPTIONS MACULAR DEGENERATION (DOT LENSE) Degeneration of the central portion of the retina, resulting in a loss of sharp vision. RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA OR GLAUCOMA (DONUT LENSE) Retinitis is the degeneration of the retina manifested by night blindness and gradual loss of peripheral vision, eventually resulting in tunnel vision or total blindness. Glaucoma is an eye disorder in which the optic nerve suffers damage, permanently impacting vision in the affected eye(s) and progressing to complete blindness if untreated. It is often, but not always, associated with increased pressure of the fluid in the eye CATARACT (FROSTED LENSE) A clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its envelope, varying in degree from slight to complete opacity and obstructing the passage of light. 28

29 29

30 30

31 31

32 EXERCISE 6 SECTION 1011 STAIRWAYS [DSA-AC] In addition to the requirements of this section, means of egress, which provide access to, or egress from, buildings or facilities where accessibility is required for applications listed in Section regulated by the Division of the State Architect-Access Compliance, shall also comply with Chapter 11A or Chapter 11B, Sections 11B-210 and 11B-504, as applicable Width and capacity. The required capacity of stairways shall be determined as specified in Section , but the minimum width shall be not less than 44 inches (l118 mm). See Section for accessible means of egress stairways Headroom. Stairways shall have a headroom clearance of nol less than 80 inches (2032 mm) measured vertically from a line connecting the edge of the nosings. Such headroom shall be continuous above the stairway to the point where the line intersects the landing below, one tread depth beyond the bottom riser. The minimum clearance shall be maintained the full width of the stairway and landing Riser height and tread depth. Stair riser heights shall be 7 inches (118 mm) maximum and 4 inches (102 mm) minimum. The riser height shall be measured vertically between the nosings of adjacent treads. Rectangular tread depths shall be 11 inches (279 mm) minimum measured horizontally between the vertical planes of the foremost projection of adjacent treads and at a right angle to the tread's nosing Dimensional uniformity. Stair treads and risers shall be of uniform size and shape. The tolerance between the largest and smallest riser height or between the largest and smallest tread depth shall not exceed ⅜ inch (9.5 mm) in any flight of stairs Stairway landings. There shall be a floor or landing at the top and bottom of each stairway. The width of landings shall not be less than the width of stairways they serve. Every landing shall have a minimum width measured perpendicular to the direction of travel equal to the width of the stairway. Where the stairway has a straight run the depth need not exceed 48 inches (1219 mm). Doors opening onto a landing shall not reduce the landing to less than one-half the required width. When fully open, the door shall not project more than 7 inches (178 mm) into a landing. 32

33 Vertical rise. A flight of stairs shall not have a vertical rise greater than 12 feet (3658 mm) between floor levels or landings Handrails. Stairways shall have handrails on each side and shall comply with Section Where glass is used to provide the handrail, the handrail shall comply with Section [DSA-AC] For applications listed in Section regulated by the Division of the State Architect-Access Compliance, see Chapter 11B, Sections 11b and 11b B Tread surface. Stair treads shall comply with Section 11B Changes in level are not permitted. Exception: Treads shall be permitted to have a slope not steeper than 1:48. 11B Contrasting stripe. Interior stairs shall have the upper approach and lower tread marked by a stripe providing clear visual contrast. Exterior stairs shall have the upper approach and all treads marked by a stripe providing clear visual contrast. The stripe shall be a minimum of 2 inches (51 mm) wide to a maximum of 4 inches (102 mm) wide placed parallel to, and not more than 1 inch (25 mm) from, the nose of the step or upper approach. The stripe shall extend the full width of the step or upper approach and shall be of material that is at least as slip resistant as the other treads of the stair. A painted stripe shall be acceptable. Grooves shall not be used to satisfy this requirement. 11B- 505 Handrails. llb Where required. Handrails shall be provided on both sides of stairs and ramps. llb Continuity. Handrails shall be continuous within the full length of each stair flight or ramp run. Inside handrails on switchback or dogleg stairs and ramps shall be continuous between flights or runs. 11B Height. Top of gripping surfaces of handrails shall be 34 inches ( 864 mm) minimum and 38 inches (965 mm) maximum vertically above walking surfaces, stair nosings, and ramp surfaces. Handrails shall be at a consistent height above walking surfaces, stair nosings, and ramp surfaces. 33

34 11B Clearance. Clearance between handrail gripping surfaces and adjacent surfaces shall be 1 1 / 2 inches (38 mm) minimum. Handrails may be located in a recess if the recess is 3 inches (76 mm) maximum deep and 18 inches (457 mm) minimum clear above the top of the handrail. 11B Gripping surface. Handrail gripping surfaces shall be continuous along their length and shall not be obstructed along their tops or sides. The bottoms of handrail gripping surfaces shall not be obstructed for more than 20 percent of their length. Where provided, horizontal projections shall occur 1 1 / 2 inches (38 mm) minimum below the bottom of the handrail gripping surface. 11B Cross section. Handrail gripping surfaces shall have a cross section complying with Section 11B or 11B B Circular cross section. Handrail gripping surfaces with a circular cross section shall have an outside diameter of 1 1 / 4 inches (32 mm) minimum and 2 inches (51 mm) maximum. 11B Non-circular cross sections. Handrail gripping surfaces with a non-circular cross section shall have a perimeter dimension of 4 inches ( 102 mm) minimum and 6 1 / 4 inches ( 159 mm) maximum, and a cross-section dimension of 2 1 / 4 inches (57 mm) maximum. 34

35 11B Surfaces. Handrail gripping surfaces and any surfaces adjacent to them shall be free of sharp or abrasive elements and shall have rounded edges. 11B Fittings. Handrails shall not rotate within their fittings. 11B Handrail extensions. Handrail gripping surfaces shall extend beyond and in the same direction of stair flights and ramp runs in accordance with Section 11B Exceptions: 1. Extensions shall not be required for continuous handrails at the inside turn of switchback or dogleg stairs and ramps. 3. In alterations, where the extension of the handrail in the direction of ramp run would create a hazard, the extension of the handrail may be turned 90 degrees from the ramp run. 11B Top and bottom extension at ramps. Ramp handrails shall extend horizontally above the landing for 12 inches (305 mm) minimum beyond the top and bottom of ramp runs. Extensions shall return to a wall, guard, or the landing surface, or shall be continuous to the handrail of an adjacent ramp run. 11B Top extension at stairs. At the top of a stair flight, handrails shall extend horizontally above the landing for 12 inches (305 mm) minimum beginning directly above the first riser nosing. Extensions shall return to a wall, guard, or the landing surface, or shall be continuous to the handrail of an adjacent stair flight. 11B Bottom extension at stairs. At the bottom of a stair flight, handrails shall extend at the slope of the stair flight for a horizontal distance equal to one tread depth beyond the last riser nosing. Such extension shall continue with a horizontal extension or shall be continuous to the handrail of an adjacent stair flight or shall return to a wall, guard, or the walking surface. At the bottom of a stair flight, a horizontal extension of a handrail 35

36 shall be 12 inches (305 mm) long minimum and a height equal to that of the sloping portion of the handrail as measured above the stair nosings. Extension shall return to a wall, guard, or the landing surface, or shall be continuous to the handrail of an adjacent stair flight. 36

37 11B- 405 Ramps 11B Slope. Ramp runs shall have a running slope not steeper than 1:12. 11B Cross slope. Cross slope of ramp runs shall not be steeper than 1:48. 11B Clear width. The clear width of a ramp run shall be 48 inches (1219 mm) minimum. Exceptions: 2. Handrails may project into the required clear width of the ramp at each side 3 1 / 2 inches (89 mm) maximum at the handrail height. 11B Rise. The rise for any ramp run shall be 30 inches ( 762 mm) maximum. 11B Landings. Ramps shall have landings at the top and the bottom of each ramp run. Landings shall comply with Section 11B Exception: Slopes not steeper than 1:48 shall be permitted. 11B Width. The landing clear width shall be at least as wide as the widest ramp run leading to the landing. 11B : Top landings shall be 60 inches (1524 mm) wide minimum. 11B Length. The landing clear length shall be 60 inches (1524 mm) long minimum. 11B : Bottom landings shall extend 72 inches (1829 mm) minimum in the direction of ramp run. 11B Handrails. Ramp runs shall have handrails complying 37

38 with Section 11B B Edge protection. Edge protection complying with Section 11B shall be provided on each side of ramp runs and at each side of ramp landings. 11B Curb or barrier. A curb, 2 inches (51 mm) high minimum, or barrier shall be provided that prevents the passage of a 4 inch ( 102 mm) diameter sphere, where any portion of the sphere is within 4 inches ( 102 mm) of the finish floor or ground surface. To prevent wheel entrapment, the curb or barrier shall provide a continuous and uninterrupted barrier along the length of the ramp. RAMP SLOPES 1:48 2.0% 1/4" per foot (actually 2.083%) 1:20 5.0% 19/32" per foot (actually 4.95%), or 5/8" per foot (actually %) 1: % 1" per foot, or 6 of rise per 6 of run 38

39 EXERCISE 7 11B- 305 Clear floor or ground space 11B Size. The clear floor or ground space shall be 30 inches ( 762 mm) minimum by 48 inches ( 1219 mm) minimum. 11B Clear width. Door openings shall provide a clear width of 32 inches ( 813 mm) minimum. Clear openings of doorways with swinging doors shall be measured between the face of the door and the stop, with the door open 90 degrees. Openings more than 24 inches (610 mm) deep shall provide a clear opening of 36 inches ( 914 mm) minimum. There shall be no projections into the required clear opening width lower than 34 inches ( 864 mm) above the finish floor or ground. Projections into the clear opening width between 34 inches ( 864 mm) and 80 inches ( 2032 mm) above the finish floor or ground shall not exceed 4 inches ( 102 mm). 11B Swinging doors and gates. Swinging doors and gates shall have maneuvering clearances complying with Table 11B

40 40

41 41

42 11B- 304 Turning space 11B Circular space. The turning space shall be a space of 60 inches ( 1524 mm) diameter minimum. The space shall be permitted to include knee and toe clearance complying with Section 11B B- 606 Lavatories and sinks 11B Adjacent side wall or partition. Lavatories, when located adjacent to a side wall or partition, shall be a minimum of 18 inches (457 mm) to the centerline of the fixture. 11B- 604 Water closets and toilet compartments 11B Location. The water closet shall be positioned with a wall or partition to the rear and to one side. The centerline of the water closet shall be 17 inches (432 mm) minimum to 18 inches ( 457 mm) maximum from the side wall or partition, except that the water closet shall be 17 inches ( 432 mm) minimum and 19 inches ( 483 mm) maximum from the side wall or partition in the ambulatory accessible toilet compartment specified in Section 11B Water closets shall be arranged for a left-hand or right-hand approach. 42

43 11B Size. Clearance around a water closet shall be 60 inches ( 1524 mm) minimum measured perpendicular from the side wall and 56 inches ( 1422 mm) minimum measured perpendicular from the rear wall. A minimum 60 inches (1524 mm) wide and 48 inches (1219 mm) deep maneuvering space shall be provided in front of the water closet. 11B Size. Wheelchair accessible compartments shall be 60 inches ( 1524 mm) wide minimum measured perpendicular to the side wall, and 56 inches ( 1422 mm) deep minimum for wall hung water closets and 59 inches ( 1499 mm) deep minimum for floor mounted water closets measured perpendicular to the rear wall. Wheelchair accessible compartments for children s use shall be 60 inches ( 1524 mm) wide minimum measured perpendicular to the side wall, and 59 inches ( 1499 mm) deep minimum for wall hung and floor mounted water closets measured perpendicular to the rear wall. 11B Maneuvering space with in-swinging door. In a wheelchair accessible compartment with an in-swinging door, a minimum 60 inches (1524 mm) wide by 36 inches (914 mm) deep maneuvering space shall be provided in front of the clearance required in Section 11B See Figures 11B (b) and 11B (b). 11B Maneuvering space with sideopening door. In a wheelchair accessible compartment with a side-opening door, either in-swinging or out-swinging, a minimum 60 inches (1524 mm) wide and 60 inches (1524 mm) deep maneuvering space shall be provided in front of the water closet. See Figure 11B B Maneuvering space with endopening door. In a wheelchair accessible compartment with an end-opening door (facing the water 43

44 closet), either in-swinging or out-swinging, a minimum 60 inches (1524 mm) wide and 48 inches (1219 mm) deep maneuvering space shall be provided in front of the water closet. See Figure 11B B Doors. Toilet compartment doors, including door hardware, shall comply with Section 11B- 404 except that if the approach is from the push side of the compartment door, clearance between the door side of the compartment and any obstruction shall be 48 inches (1219 mm) minimum measured perpendicular to the compartment door in its closed position. Doors shall be located in the front partition or in the side wall or partition farthest from the water closet. Where located in the front partition, the door opening shall be 4 inches ( 102 mm) maximum from the side wall or partition farthest from the water closet. Where located in the side wall or partition, the door opening shall be 4 inches ( 102 mm) maximum from the front partition. The door shall be self-closing. A door pull complying with Section 11B shall be placed on both sides of the door near the latch. Doors shall not swing into the clear floor space or clearance required for any fixture. Doors may swing into that portion of maneuvering space which does not overlap the clearance required at a water closet. Exception: When located at the side of a toilet compartment, the toilet compartment door opening shall provide a clear width of 34 inches (864 mm) minimum. 44

45 11B Toe clearance. At least one side partition shall provide a toe clearance of 9 inches ( 229 mm) minimum above the finish floor and 6 inches ( 152 mm) deep minimum beyond the compartment-side face of the partition, exclusive of partition support members. Partition components at toe clearances shall be smooth without sharp edges or abrasive surfaces. Compartments for children s use shall provide a toe clearance of 12 inches (305 mm) minimum above the finish floor. 45

46 11B Grab bars. Grab bars shall comply with Section 11B A side-wall grab bar complying with Section 11B shall be provided and shall be located on the wall closest to the water closet. In addition, a rear-wall grab bar complying with Section 11B shall be provided. Where separate grab bars are required on adjacent walls at a common mounting height, an L-shaped grab bar meeting the dimensional requirements of Sections 11B and 11B shall be permitted. 11B- 305 Clear floor or ground space 11B Maneuvering clearance. Where a clear floor or ground space is located in an alcove or otherwise confined on all or part of three sides, additional maneuvering clearance shall be provided in accordance with Sections 11B and 11B B Forward approach. Alcoves shall be 36 inches ( 914 mm) wide minimum where the depth exceeds 24 inches (610 mm). 11B Parallel approach. Alcoves shall be 60 inches ( 1524 mm) wide minimum where the depth exceeds 15 inches ( 381 mm). 46

47 EXERCISE 8 SECTION 803 WALL AND CEILING FINISHES General. Interior wall and ceiling finish materials shall be classified for fire performance and smoke development in accordance with Section or , except as shown in Sections through Materials tested in accordance with Section shall not be required to be tested in accordance with Section Interior wall and ceiling finish materials. Interior wall and ceiling finish materials shall be classified in accordance with ASTM E 84 or UL 723. Such interior finish materials shall be grouped in the following classes in accordance with their flame spread and smoke-developed indexes. Class A: = Flame spread index 0-25; smoke developed index Class B: = Flame spread index 26-75; smoke developed index Class C: = Flame spread index ; smoke developed index Exception: Materials tested in accordance with Section Interior finish requirements based on group. Interior wall and ceiling finish shall have a name spread index not greater than that specified in Table for the group and location designated. Interior wall and ceiling fini h materials tested in accordance with NFPA 286 and meeting the acceptance criteria of Section , shall be permitted to be used where a Class A classification in accordance with ASTM E84 or UL 723 is required. SECTION 202 DEFINITIONS EXIT PASSAGEWAY. An exit component that is separated from other interior spaces of a building or structure by fireresistancerated construction and opening protectives, and provides for a protected path of egress travel in a horizontal direction to an exit or to the exit discharge. CORRIDOR. An enclosed exit access component that defines and provides a path of egress travel. EXIT ACCESS. That portion of a means of egress system that leads from any occupied portion of a building or structure to an exit. 47

48 48

49 CLASS 9 SECTION 906 PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS [F] Where required. Portable fire extinguishers shall be installed in the following locations: 1. In Group A, B, E, F, H, I, L, M, R-1, R-2, R-2.1, R.3.1, R-4 and S occupancies. POINTS TO REMEMBER REGARDING TABLE 906.3(1) 1.Most buildings represent a class A fire condition, and a light (low) hazard condition 2. A unit of A is fire fighting power, more A s equals more power 3. Row 4 of the table is max travel distance to an extinguisher 4. Row 1 of the table sets the min power in one extinguisher device 5. Row 2 of the table sets max area for one unit of power (not a single extinguisher device necessarily) 6. Row 3 of the table sets max area for a single extinguisher with a large amount of power 7. Extinguisher devices are available from 1-A to 40-A EXAMPLE FOR TABLE 906.3(1) 20,000 SF BUILDING, LIGHT (Low) HAZARD OCC 1. Must have extinguisher device with 2-A power min (table row 1) 2. Each A (no matter in what extinguisher device) can cover 3,000 SF (table row 2) 3. Row 3 is represents max extinguisher size (row 1 was min Size) Therefore, 1 extinguisher with 7 A s of power can be specified 49