Characterization and Potential Recycling of Home Building Wood Waste

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1 Characterization and Potential Recycling of Home Building Wood Waste Phil Araman(1), Dan Hindman(2) and Matt Winn(1) (1) USDA Forest Service, Blacksburg, VA (2) Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 1 st International conference on Processing Technologies for the Forest and Biobased Products Industries 1

2 What will be covered today What is Green Home building? Some of the Certification programs in the US EarthCraft House The system used in the study The housing development Our wood waste study Wood waste results and recycling options 2

3 Green Home Building? Increased efficiency of resource use Energy Water Materials Wood+ Use of sustainable materials such as Wood Certification systems are pushing recycling 3

4 National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) Green Building Program Resource Efficiency Reduce the quantity of materials used and waste generated Enhance durability and reduce maintenance Reuse materials Recycled content materials Recycle waste materials during construction Use renewable materials (certified also if possible) Use resource-efficient materials Innovative options (local, indigenous, use LCA) 4

5 National Green Building Standard First ANSI consensus standard on sustainable green building for residential construction Employs a point system to award an emerald, gold, silver, or bronze rating Categories of points include: Lot design preparation and development Resource efficiency Energy efficiency Water efficiency Indoor environmental quality Operation, maintenance, and building owner education

6 Green Building Organizations U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) Non-profit organization formed in affiliates Over 20,000 member companies and organizations Created the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) standard National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) Founded in 1942 Federation of more than 800 state and local associations Members construct about 80% of new homes each year Created the National Green Building Standard

7

8 EarthCraft House is used in our study Started in Atlanta Similar to the NAHB Green program Similar to LEED for Homes But more accountable And what the builder is using 8

9 How much wood waste is generated in our study homes? 9

10 Wood Waste Is it Waste? Not in this System 10

11 WOOD has many uses in Home Building! Many products Many uses 11

12 Many options when using WOOD 12

13 Green Home Building Systems NAHB National Green Building Program LEED for Homes EarthCraft Plus others Common Threads Energy reductions Clean Air Sustainable materials 13

14 EarthCraft House -- Points for Resource Efficient Design RESOURCE EFFICIENT DESIGN total floor area of house <1800 square feet total floor area of house square feet total floor area of house square feet outside dimensions of floor plan adheres to 2-ft dimensions floor 24-in. centers (all floors) floor 19.2-in. centers (all floors) non-load bearing wall 24-in. centers all wall 24-in. centers window rough openings eliminate jack stud non-structural headers in non-load bearing walls single top plate with stacked framing 2-stud corners with drywall clips or alternative framing T-walls with drywall clips or alternative framing job site framing plan with cut list job site framing plan with locations of studs, joists, and roof structure with cut list 14

15 EarthCraft House -- Resource efficient building materials RESOURCE EFFICIENT BUILDING MATERIALS RECYCLED AND NATURAL CONTENT MATERIALS sustainably harvested lumber (50%) 25% of cement in concrete replaced with fly ash or slag recycled concrete used as aggregate insulation (min 25% recycled content) reclaimed wood flooring recycled content tiles (min 30% recycled) cork or bamboo flooring (min 10% of total floor area) carpet (min 50% recycled) biodegradable carpet and backing (wool, hemp, etc.) outdoor decking and porches (min 40% recycled content) air conditioner condensing unit pad (min 50% recycled content) composite roofing shingle with recycled content (min 25% recycled) cabinet faces are reused, MDF, local species, or FSC certified wood 15

16 EarthCraft House -- Advanced Products ADVANCED PRODUCTS engineered floor framing (80%) use of open web trusses to run ductwork engineered roof framing all beams are steel, engineered wood, or trusses all structural headers are steel or engineered wood engineered wall framing (25% of studs) engineered wall framing (80% of studs) interior trim finger jointed, MDF, or HDF engineered exterior trim including soffit, fascia, and trim steel interior wall framing panelized wall construction delivered to the job site pre-framed modular construction for the entire house Precast Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Structural Insulated Panels for exterior walls Structural Insulated Panels for roof Insulated Concrete Forms for foundation walls Insulated Concrete Forms for exterior walls 16

17 EarthCraft House -- Durability wood related items non-toxic pest treatment of all lumber in contact with foundation non-toxic pest treatment applied to all lumber non-toxic mold inhibitor with warranty applied to lumber plants installed to maintain minimum 2 foot distance from home to maturity outdoor deck material (min 25-year warranty) 17

18 EarthCraft House Green Checklist (cont.) WASTE MANAGEMENT Waste Management Practices No construction materials shall be burned or buried on job site or anywhere but a state-approved landfill Donation of excess materials or re-use (min, $500/job) 18

19 EarthCraft House -- Waste and Waste Management Divert 75% of wood This is where we come in to Study wood waste for each house Develop and evaluate recycling options to Keep the wood out of landfills

20 EarthCraft Waste Management suggestions for points On-site grinding of wood and drywall waste Central cutting area for framing We add Central Recycling area for framing and OSB

21 Summary on EarthCraft House Wood Points Certified wood products(i.e.. FSC, SFI) Local materials Advanced wood products Engineered products and systems Recycled wood products -- Waste recovery and recycling

22 Our Study site -- Mount Tabor Meadows Blacksburg, VA s First Green Development A brand new housing development in Blacksburg, Virginia with Phase 1 currently under way. 49 lots with twelve different house plans to choose from. Homes will be certified EarthCraft House with a focus on environmental standards. 22

23 Development layout showing the 49 lots in Phase 1 23

24 Green Housing A consumer choice 24

25 Some of the 12 home designs to choose from 3382 sq. ft sq. ft sq. ft sq. ft. 25

26 Homes under construction 26

27 Construction waste study at Mt. Tabor Meadows U.S. Forest Service Southern Research Station Virginia Tech Department of Wood Science and Forest Products 27

28 Purpose of study SPF(Spruce lumber), OSB, LVL, and treated lumber Quantify the amount of SPF, OSB, LVL, and treated lumber waste generated per house. Determine potential uses for waste material as an alternative to landfilling. Salvage material where possible for reuse and/or recycle into other products.

29 Potential uses - OSB, LVL, treated lumber, and SPF (Spruce Lumber) OSB Shelving Ground up and remanufactured into other composite products or for mulch Pallet deck material Treated Lumber Shorts finger-jointed into structural lumber Pallet stringers Larger pieces used for any outdoor application (landscaping, garbage bins, porch swings, etc ) LVL Ground up and remanufactured into composite products Pallet material SPF Shorts finger-jointed into structural lumber Remainder ground for mulch

30 Potential Panel Sizes from Waste ½ OSB Material Pallet Deckboards Shelving Boards 5.5 x x 40 7 x 36 7 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 48

31 Additional Panel Sizes for Waste ¾ OSB Material Stair Treads x x x 48 Stair Risers 7.25 x x x 48

32 The Waste 32

33 Waste OSB, LVL, SPF, and treated lumber material left over after construction 33

34 Our Collection Trailer 34

35 Inside view of storage trailer with waste OSB, LVL and treated lumber 35

36 Waste Spruce (SPF) material left over after construction 36

37 Lumber waste after measured for a house that will be weighed and reduced to mulch 37

38 The builder is also recycling other products 38

39 Some current study results 39

40 Weights of spruce(spf), OSB, and treated wood waste material from each home Lot # Sq. Spruce Spruce OSB OSB Treated Treated Feet Weight (lbs/sq. ft.) Weight (lbs/sq. ft.) Wood Wood (lbs) (lbs) (lbs) (lbs/sq. ft.) 1 2,634 3, , ,278 3, , NA NA 3 2,712 2, , ,570 3, , ,634 1, , ,546 2, , ,886 2, , NA NA 41B 1,936 2, , ,886 2, ,685 1, , ,036 3, , ,840 3,

41 Summary of Waste Material Weights for Lot 43 Solid-Useable OSB 515 lbs. (49%) Grindable OSB 534 lbs. (51%) Solid-Useable Treated Lumber 244 lbs. (49%) Non-Useable Treated Lumber 252 lbs. (51%) LVL 8 lbs. Paralam 18 lbs. Solid-Useable Spruce Structural Lumber 360 lbs. (18%) Grindable Spruce Structural Lumber 1,610 lbs. (82%) 1,685 Sq. Ft. 41

42 Summary of Waste Material Weights for Lot 47 Solid-Useable OSB 598 lbs. (42%) Grindable OSB 892 lbs. (58%) Solid-Useable Treated Lumber 191 lbs. (46%) Non-Useable Treated Lumber 226 lbs. (54%) LVL 64 lbs. Paralam 25 lbs. Solid-Useable Spruce Structural Lumber 244 lbs. (8%) Grindable Spruce Structural Lumber 2,866 lbs. (92%) 2,036 Sq. Ft. 42

43 Weights (lbs) of Solid-Useable and Grindable OSB Material Solid-Useable Grindable

44 Solid-Useable OSB Products 44

45 Solid-Useable OSB Products 45

46 Finger jointing spruce and treated lumber 46

47 Recycling Options 47

48 Construction Waste OSB Sold at Habitat for Humanity Restore 48

49 Grinders Tub grinder Small horizontal grinder Larger horizontal grinder 49

50 Grinding SPF and OSB (OSB material is not accepted in many states) General mulch for landscaping Mulch berms erosion control Temporary walkways and roads for crews Soil enhancer for lawns 50

51 Some more mulch examples 51

52 Grinding location options On-site Developer/builder Service provider Landfill recycling area Independent recycler 52

53 Recycling Options 53

54 Wood waste is generated in home building it can and should be recycled From a little over a 2000 sq. ft. house Total wood waste 5106 lbs. OSB Waste lbs. Solid-Useable OSB 598 lbs. (42%) Grindable OSB 892 lbs. (58%) Treated Wood Waste lbs. Solid-Useable Treated Lumber 191 lbs. (46%) Non-Useable Treated Lumber 226 lbs. (54%) LVL 64 lbs. Paralam 25 lbs. Spruce Structural Lumber Waste 3110 lbs. Solid-Useable Spruce Structural Lumber 244 lbs. (8%) Grindable Spruce Structural Lumber PTFBPI 2010 Austria 2,866 lbs. (92%) 2,036 Sq. Ft. 54

55 PS This is also a teaching facility for VT classes and local tours 55

56 Questions? 56

57 Characterization and Potential Recycling of Home Building Wood Waste Any Questions? Certification systems are pushing this practice 57

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