High Performance and Durability of Commercial Construction

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1 Future-Proofing Your Buildings for High Performance and Durability High Performance and Durability of Commercial Construction Chuck Miccolis Vice President, Commercial Lines Insurance Institute for Business and Home Safety August 15, 2017 Tampa Convention Center Tampa, Florida

2 Objective and Scope Introduction to IBHS IBHS Research: Wind, Hail, Water Intrusion, Wildfire, Photovoltaic/Solar Arrays Flood/Storm Surge FORTIFIED for Safer Business: Standards FORTIFIED Commercial : Standards/Designation Program 2

3 IBHS Mission 3

4 IBHS Demonstrations 4

5 IBHS Research Focus Wind Wind-Driven Rain Hail Wildfire Initial Performance (test standards) Aging Effects Repair vs. Replacement 5

6 Building Codes The MINIMUM Standard 6

7 Challenges with Built to Code Built to code: built in accordance with locally adopted version of model code (if any) Minimum legal standard Challenges: Not consistent everywhere Life safety, not building protection

8 What Successful Mitigation Looks Like Building codes = strong and enforced FORTIFIED = national voluntary standard for resilience All parts of the building performance chain Preservation of economic and social structures = not just buildings Overall goal = community resilience = a resilient nation 8

9 High Wind Demo 2012

10 Key Takeaways From Research Focus on key components and elements when constructing a new building: Roof, doors, walls, the right products and installation, and proper elevation Significantly improve commercial building performance through relatively low-cost mitigation measures Photo source: RICOWI Hurricane Ike Wind Investigation Report 10

11 Component Vulnerabilities to Hail Exterior Paint 7% Awnings 13% Property Damage Rates Glass 5% Siding 3% Roof Loss 75% Roof Damage 91.7% Damage Payout by Component Other Damage 6.1% Wall Damage 0.9% Door Damage 0.1% Window Damage 1.3% From Weather and Extended Coverage (Collins & Howe 1964) From Claims Analysis Study of May 24, 2011 Hailstorms in Dallas-Fort Worth (Brown & Pogorzelski 2013) 11

12 IBHS Research: Full-Scale Impact Testing 12

13 Key Takeaways From Research Unsupported roof materials perform poorly Roof transitions curbs, parapets, roof-top equipment, ridge shingles, etc. Low-slope roof covers with stone ballast or pea gravel perform well Disperse the energy Roof cover seams are vulnerable Newer covers perform better than older covers degradation of materials, brittleness Recommend systems that have hail impact resistance approval 13

14 IBHS Research Wind Loads on PV Arrays Motivation Increasing prevalence of PV arrays Lack of codification or practitioner guidance Objectives Quantify wind loads Observe behavior/response 14

15 Wind Performance of Ballasted PV Systems 15

16 Wind Performance of Ballasted PV Systems Conditions Tested Wind Direction Array Edge Setback Parapet Wind Speed Rain Additional Variables Ballast Distribution Roof Cover Attachment 16

17 Types of PV Products Low-Slope Roof-Mounted PV Arrays Parts of a PV Array Solar panels Low-Slope Racking Systems Mechanically attached Ballasted Open vs. closed Ballasted PV Array 17

18 Key Takeaways From Research All systems had performance issues at or below design wind speeds Closed systems reduce lifting, more susceptible to sliding System engineering and proper ballast distribution are key to successful performance 18

19 Design Wind Loads on PV Arrays SEAOC PV2 ASCE 7-16 Wind tunnel study per ASCE Peer reviewed? 19

20 Considerations/Questions to Ask Who owns it? Who insures it? What is included in it? What constitutes damage or need of repair? To the PV system? To the roof? Will it be inspected after storms? 20

21 Why Inspect Many are on pre-existing roofs How will you know if movement has occurred? Is maintenance required? 21

22 When to Inspect Roof prior to PV installation (if feasible) PV system after installation Both Annually Following strong wind events 22

23 What to Inspect 23

24 Hurricane Katrina Storm Surge Photo source: FEMA 24

25 Hazards and Site Exposures FEMA Maps & Storm Surge/Tide Maps (Coastal) Local Area Flood Protection Levees and Dams If exposed to surge/flooding: Elevate the site (new construction) Relocate/raise equipment, records, utilities, include dry flood protection with sf Include potential rising sea levels as part of the mitigation solution 25

26 Hazard Mitigation: Walls/Barriers Walls Water-Filled Barriers Photo source: FEMA 26

27 Hazard Mitigation: Doors/Gates (Submarine) Doors Permanent Gate Removable Gate Photo source: FEMA 27

28 IBHS Commercial Programs FORTIFIED Commercial : voluntary, superior construction standard and designation program designed by IBHS for new/existing construction that addresses specific natural hazard risks and recommendations for reducing damage IBHS Designation Program: 2017 DisasterSafety.org/fortified/commercial FORTIFIED for Safer Business (FFSB): voluntary, superior construction standard designed by IBHS as a model compliance program for new commercial buildings that increases durability and resilience to all natural hazards NOT an IBHS Designation Program DisasterSafety.org/fortified/safer-business 28

29 What is FORTIFIED? Voluntary, superior construction standards designed to build and retrofit stronger, safer buildings that are more disaster-resistant Grounded in IBHS research Technical standards Inspection-based New and existing commercial construction Three tiered levels (Bronze, Silver & Gold) Third-party compliance verification 29

30 FORTIFIED Commercial Hurricane High Wind & Hail Roof Roof Building envelope, and electrical connections for backup power Building envelope, and optional electrical connections for backup power Key structural systems load paths; provide on-site backup power for critical utilities Key structural systems load paths; provide on-site backup power for critical utilities DisasterSafety.org/fortified/commercial 30

31 Continuity of Electrical Operations Electrical connections for backup power Hurricane Silver required High Wind & Hail Silver optional Backup electrical power Gold 31

32 Flood Protection FORTIFIED Commercial recommends wholebuilding flood protection To reduce business interruption, flood protection requirements specifically for electrical and mechanical equipment Photo source: FEMA (Bellevue Hospital, NYC, after Hurricane Sandy, 2012) 32

33 FORTIFIED Commercial vs. Code What is the difference between FORTIFIED Commercial and the Building Codes? Accounts for greater than code design storm FORTIFIED focuses on proper design and installation confirmation 33

34 Benefits to Building Owners and Communities Reduces potential for property damage Mitigates vulnerable building components Features holistic approach to design and evaluation Protect physical assets Maintain or increase Continuity of operations Community ties 34

35 Downloading the Standards DisasterSafety.org/fortified/commercial 35

36 Questions? Contact: Chuck Miccolis

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