COMPLETE REVISION May Process Industry Practices Structural. PIP STS03001 Plain and Reinforced Concrete Specification

Transcription

1 Structural

2 PURPOSE AND USE OF PROCESS INDUSTRY PRACTICES In an effort to minimize the cost of process industry facilities, this Practice has been prepared from the technical requirements in the existing standards of major industrial users, contractors, or standards organizations. By harmonizing these technical requirements into a single set of Practices, administrative, application, and engineering costs to both the purchaser and the manufacturer should be reduced. While this Practice is expected to incorporate the majority of requirements of most users, individual applications may involve requirements that will be appended to and take precedence over this Practice. Determinations concerning fitness for purpose and particular matters or application of the Practice to particular project or engineering situations should not be made solely on information contained in these materials. The use of trade names from time to time should not be viewed as an expression of preference but rather recognized as normal usage in the trade. Other brands having the same specifications are equally correct and may be substituted for those named. All Practices or guidelines are intended to be consistent with applicable laws and regulations including OSHA requirements. To the extent these Practices or guidelines should conflict with OSHA or other applicable laws or regulations, such laws or regulations must be followed. Consult an appropriate professional before applying or acting on any material contained in or suggested by the Practice. This Practice is subject to revision at any time. (PIP), Construction Industry Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 3925 West Braker Lane (R4500), Austin, Texas PIP member companies and subscribers may copy this Practice for their internal use. Changes, overlays, addenda, or modifications of any kind are not permitted within any PIP Practice without the express written authorization of PIP. PRINTING HISTORY December 1995 July 2001 Issued Complete Revision Complete Revision Not printed with State funds

3 Structural Table of Contents 1. Introduction Purpose Scope References Industry Codes and Standards Government Regulations Definitions Requirements General Materials Execution Loading of Self-Supporting Members Tables Table 1 - Tolerances for Embedments Table 2 - Maximum Sizes of Aggregate Table 3 - Supplier Data Requirements Page 1 of 15

4 COMPLETE REVISION 1. Introduction 1.1 Purpose 1.2 Scope 2. References This Practice provides requirements for cast-in-place concrete construction. This Practice describes the technical requirements for furnishing and installing materials and for proportioning, mixing, placing, testing, and curing of plain and reinforced concrete. This Practice supplements ACI , Specifications for Structural Concrete. Applicable parts of the following Practices, industry codes and standards, and references shall be considered an integral part of this Practice. The edition in effect on the date of contract award shall be used, except as otherwise noted. Short titles are used herein where appropriate. 2.1 Industry Codes and Standards American Concrete Institute (ACI) ACI Standard Specifications for Tolerances for Concrete Construction and Materials ACI Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete ACI Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Structural Lightweight Concrete ACI Specifications for Structural Concrete ACI 302.1R - Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction ACI 304R - Guide for Measuring, Mixing, Transporting, and Placing Concrete ACI 304.2R - Placing Concrete by Pumping Methods ACI 305R - Hot Weather Concreting ACI 306R - Cold Weather Concreting ACI Standard Specification for Cold Weather Concreting ACI 308R - Guide to Curing Concrete ACI 347R - Guide to Formwork for Concrete ACI 504R - Guide to Sealing Joints in Concrete Structures ACI SP-66 - ACI Detailing Manual Page 2 of 15

5 ASTM International (ASTM) ASTM A185/A185M - Standard Specification for Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain, for Concrete ASTM A615/A615M - Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement ASTM C33 - Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates ASTM C94/C94M - Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete ASTM C150 - Standard Specification for Portland Cement ASTM C618 - Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete ASTM C Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic- Cement Mortars Exposed to Sulfate Solution National Ready Mixed Concrete Association (NRMCA) Quality Control Manual - Section 3, Certification of Ready Mixed Concrete Production Facilities Plant Certification Check List 2.2 Government Regulations 3. Definitions U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) OSHA 29 CFR Safety and Health Regulations for Construction constructor: The party responsible for supplying the materials, equipment, tools, supervision, and labor for the installation of the concrete in accordance with the contract documents. Unless otherwise noted, the term constructor shall apply also to the constructor s subcontractor(s) and vendor(s). contract documents: Any and all documents, including codes, studies, design drawings, specifications, sketches, practices, and data sheets, that the purchaser or engineer of record has transmitted or otherwise communicated, either by incorporation or reference, and made part of the legal contract agreement or purchase order between the purchaser and the constructor. engineer of record: Purchaser s authorized representative with overall authority and responsibility for the engineering design, quality, and performance of the civil works, structure, foundations, materials, and appurtenances described in the contract documents. The engineer of record shall be licensed as defined by the laws of the locality in which the work is to be constructed, and be qualified to practice in the specialty discipline required for the work described in the contract documents. Page 3 of 15

6 COMPLETE REVISION manufacturer: The party who produces and warrants the performance of the (products, materials and/or items) provided in accordance with the contract documents. The (products, materials and/or items) shall: a. Be manufactured in a controlled process b. Have standard codes, specifications, tests c. Possibly include shop drawings to assist in proper application, installation and/or use Unless otherwise noted, the term manufacturer shall apply also to the manufacturer s subcontractor(s) and/or vendor(s). owner: The party who has authority through ownership, lease, or other legal agreement over the (site, facility, structure or project) wherein (what is to be provided or installed) will be used. purchaser: The party who awards the contract to the constructor. The purchaser may be the owner or the owner s authorized agent. supplier: The party responsible for supplying concrete materials in accordance with the contract documents. 4. Requirements 4.1 General Concrete supply and construction shall be in accordance with all requirements of ACI , except as modified or supplemented in this Practice or by the contract documents The following ACI documents are acceptable practices and may be helpful in meeting requirements of this Practice and ACI 301: a. ACI Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete b. ACI Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Structural Lightweight Concrete c. ACI 302.1R - Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction d. ACI 304.2R - Placing Concrete by Pumping Methods e. ACI 306R - Cold Weather Concreting f. ACI 308R - Guide to Curing Concrete g. ACI 347R- Guide to Formwork for Concrete h. ACI 504R - Guide to Sealing Joints in Concrete Structures Requirements of state or local agencies that have jurisdiction where the concrete is to be placed shall apply Any conflicts or inconsistencies between this Practice, the design drawings, or other contract documents shall be brought to the attention of the purchaser for resolution. Page 4 of 15

7 4.1.5 Quality Control A written quality control program and inspection procedures document shall be submitted to the purchaser for approval. These documents shall provide details of how compliance with the requirements of this Practice and contract documents shall be achieved Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, the purchaser shall be responsible for furnishing a testing agency to act as the owner s testing agency as defined by ACI The purchaser shall have the right to make inspections at any time at the source of supply of materials, at the place of preparation of materials, at the mixing plant if ready mixed concrete is used, and during execution of all concrete work Samples for testing shall be obtained in accordance with ACI 301. The rate of sampling shall be in accordance with ACI 301 and the following: a. For structures and foundations, samples shall be obtained in accordance with the following requirements: (1) One sample minimum per 100 cubic yards (76 cubic meters) of concrete (2) One sample minimum for each structure or foundation, except if placing a number of items each smaller than 15 cubic yards (11 cubic meters) (3) One sample minimum per 15 cubic yards (11 cubic meters) if placing a number of items each smaller than 15 cubic yards (11 cubic meters) b. For paving and slabs on grade, obtain one sample per 50 cubic yards (38 cubic meters) of concrete. c. For underground pipe or electrical encasements and fireproofing, obtain one sample at the beginning of each day of concreting work. d. For all other concrete, obtain samples in accordance with Section a. e. Additional samples shall be obtained if observations of tests for slump, temperature, or air content indicate nonconformance with the contract documents For each concrete sample obtained, the following tests shall be conducted in accordance with ACI 301: a. Strength tests b. Slump Page 5 of 15

8 COMPLETE REVISION c. Temperature d. Air content Test cylinder sets shall be dated and numbered consecutively Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, concrete quality assurance test reports shall be provided to the purchaser weekly. Data in the test report shall include, but not be limited to, the following: a. Location of concrete on the job and associated drawing numbers and structure/foundation identification b. Specified strength (f c) c. Date poured d. Proportions of concrete mix or mix identification e. 7- and 28-day compressive strength f. Slump, air and concrete temperatures at time of pour, time of day concrete was batched, and time of day concrete was poured g. Air content h. Name of inspector making cylinders and cylinder number Where concrete is to be placed in the United States of America, ready mixed concrete suppliers shall be certified in accordance with one of the following: a. Certification by holding a current NRMCA Certificate of Conformance for Concrete Production Facilities b. Certification from an independent testing agency stating conformance with NRMCA Certification of Ready Mixed Concrete Production Facilities Submittals c. Certification from the State Department of Transportation from the state of the project site location The certifications shall be current for the duration of the concrete supply Before the start of work, documentation in accordance with the requirements of ACI 301 which is listed in Table 3, as a minimum, shall be submitted to the purchaser for review and approval If required by the contract documents, additional documentation in accordance with the requirements of ACI 301 which is not listed in Table 3 shall be submitted to the purchaser for review and approval. Page 6 of 15

9 4.1.7 Safety 4.2. Materials The work shall be in accordance with all applicable national, state, or local safety requirements, site specific requirements of the purchaser, and all safety requirements specified in the contract documents General Unless authorized in writing by the purchaser, materials that are not in accordance with this Practice or the contract documents shall not be permitted Materials shall be in accordance with applicable local volatile organic compound regulations Cementitious Materials Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, Portland cement shall be in accordance with ASTM C150, Type I or Type II Only one brand of cement shall be used Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, fly ash may be used in accordance with ACI 301 and shall conform to ASTM C618, Class C or Class F. If Class C fly ash is used in a moderately to extremely aggressive sulfate environment, the mix design shall be tested in accordance with ASTM C1012 to verify sulfate resistance. (Note: Class C fly ash, which contains relatively high levels of amorphous calcium aluminate, may make more calcium hydroxide available for reaction with sulfates, thus contributing to concrete deterioration.) Admixtures All admixtures, except air entrainment admixtures, shall require the engineer of record s authorization for use Only one manufacturer for each admixture shall be used Calcium chloride and admixtures containing soluble chlorides shall not be permitted Aggregate Aggregate shall be in accordance with ASTM C Aggregate shall be obtained from a single source Reinforcement Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, reinforcing bars shall be deformed billet steel in accordance with ASTM A615/A615M, grade Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, all reinforcing shall be uncoated. Page 7 of 15

10 COMPLETE REVISION Water Welded wire fabric shall be plain wire fabric and in accordance with ASTM A185/A185M Tie wire shall be black annealed wire, 16 gage minimum Water used for mixing water, ice, curing, or any other function relating to placement of concrete shall be potable Other water may be used if tested for suitability in accordance with ASTM C94/C94M Wash water from mixer washout operations shall not be used as mixing water Accessories 4.3 Execution All accessories shall be provided in accordance with the contract documents General Storage, handling, measuring, mixing, transporting, and placing of concrete materials shall follow the methods and means outlined in ACI 304R and comply with manufacturer s recommendation for handling, storage, and protection Formwork Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, 3/4-inch (20-millimeter) chamfer strips shall be provided at all corners on permanently exposed surfaces Form-release agents shall not be applied if concrete surfaces shall receive special finishes or where the agent may affect applied coverings. Alternately, inside surfaces of untreated formwork shall be soaked with clean water and kept moist before placing concrete Form removal shall be in accordance with ACI 301 and the following: a. For structures for which the forms do not provide vertical support (e.g., footings, piers, columns, walls, or sides of beams), the forms may be removed 48 hours after completion of placement if the concrete is sufficiently hard to prevent damage by form removal, and if curing starts immediately. b. Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, forms for self-supporting members may be removed if the concrete strength is at least 80 percent of the specified 28-day strength. Refer to ACI , Section 2.3.4, for determining strength of concrete for removal of formwork. Page 8 of 15

11 4.3.3 Joints c. Unless otherwise approved by the purchaser, forms shall not be left permanently in place Form accessories that remain embedded in the concrete (e.g., ties and hangers) shall be a commercially manufactured type Unless specified otherwise in the contract documents, formed concrete surfaces shall be constructed in accordance with the tolerances shown in ACI 117. Tolerances for concrete surfaces not specifically mentioned in ACI 117 shall be in accordance with ACI 117, Section Formwork for column and wall shall be provided with adequate cleanout openings to permit inspection and easy cleaning after reinforcement has been placed All side and bottom surfaces of structures that will be exposed shall be formed. Unless otherwise approved by the engineer of record, vertical surfaces of subgrade structures and pavements shall be formed at least to a depth of 300 mm (12 inches) below grade. The structure below this level may be placed against earth All joints shall be located and constructed in accordance with the contract documents. Any variation from the location specified shall be approved by the purchaser Control joints to be cut with a saw shall be cut as soon as the concrete is hard enough to prevent surface raveling and aggregate dislodging, and within 12 hours after concrete placement. a. Control joints shall be cut in accordance with the saw manufacturer s written recommendations. b. Sawing sequence shall be based on pour time and size of slab Control joints in slab toppings shall be located directly above and in line with the control joints in the underlying concrete slab Isolation joints shall be placed where the pavement adjoins vertical surfaces (e.g., walls, columns, catch basins, manholes, and equipment foundations). Isolation joints shall be located in accordance with the contract documents Dowels at expansion joints shall be properly aligned to prevent any restraint on expansion movement at the joint The surface of joints shall be cleaned of scale and laitance and thoroughly wetted, but free of standing water, before placing adjoining concrete. Page 9 of 15

12 COMPLETE REVISION Waterstops Waterstops shall be installed in accordance with the contract documents and the manufacturer s recommendations Reinforcing and Embedments Detailing and Fabrication 1. Reinforcement placing drawings and bending schedules shall be prepared in accordance with ACI SP-66. Drawings and schedules shall show number, grade, size, length, mark, location, and bending diagrams for reinforcing bars. 2. Splices in reinforcement shall be detailed, fabricated, and located as shown on the drawings only. 3. Fabrication drawings shall indicate the related PO number, release number, and design drawing number. 4. Reinforcement shall be tagged with weather-resistant metal tags. 5. Each bundle of fabricated bars shall be tagged. The tags shall indicate drawing number, release number, mark number, grade, bar quantity, and bar size. 6. Each bundle of stock-length straight bars shall be tagged to indicate bar quantity, grade, bar size, and bar length. 7. Fabrication tolerances shall comply with the requirements of ACI Installation 1. Embedded aluminum items shall not be permitted. 2. Anchor bolts, anchors, inserts, sleeves, drains, curb and seat angles, nosing, and other embedded items shall be installed before placing concrete. Welding of these items to the reinforcing bars shall not be permitted. 3. Anchor bolt threads shall be protected from damage and kept free of concrete. 4. Anchor bolt sleeves shall be capped or plugged to keep out water, concrete, and debris. 5. Reinforcing bars shall be spliced in accordance with the design drawings only. Unless otherwise approved by the engineer of record, welded or mechanical splices shall not be permitted Tolerances Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, embedments shall be installed in accordance with the tolerances shown in Table 1. The term bolt group used in Table 1 is defined as the set of anchor bolts for a single fabricated steel shipping piece, or a single piece of equipment or skid. Page 10 of 15

13 Table 1 Tolerances for Embedments Measurement Anchor bolt projection Center of bolt group Center to center of any two anchor bolts within a bolt group Center to center between bolt groups Anchor bolt plumbness Plate insert horizontal and vertical location Tolerance + 1/4 inch (6 mm), 0.00 inch (0 mm) + or 1/4 inch (6 mm) + or 1/8 inch (3 mm) + or 1/4 inch (6 mm) 1/8 inch in 3 feet (4 mm in 1 meter) + or 1/4 inch (6 mm) horizontal and + or 1/32 inch (1 mm) vertical Proportioning and Mixing The minimum 28-day compressive strength, f c, shall be in accordance with the contract documents If high early-strength concrete is specified, compressive strength shall be 7-day strength Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, the maximum size of coarse aggregate in concrete shall be in accordance with ACI 301 and shall not be greater than the sizes shown in Table 2. Table 2 Maximum Sizes of Aggregate Type of Construction Maximum Size Slabs and walls less than 8 inches thick 3/4 inch (20 mm) Lightweight concrete 3/4 inch (20mm) Liquid retaining structures 3/4 inch (20 mm) Underground pipe or electrical encasements 3/4 inch (20 mm) Structures (beam and column construction) 3/4 inch (20 mm) Fireproofing or structural steel encasements All other items 3/8 inch (10 mm) 1-1/2 inch (40 mm) Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, maximum water-soluble chloride ion concentrations in hardened concrete shall be 0.30% by weight of cement, in accordance with ACI , Table , for Other reinforced concrete construction Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, air content at the point of delivery shall be in accordance with ACI , Table , for moderate exposure Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, the maximum water-cementitious materials ratio shall be 0.4 for liquid-retaining (hydraulic) structures and 0.5 for all other concrete Unless otherwise directed by the engineer of record, all admixtures shall be added at the batch plant. Page 11 of 15

14 COMPLETE REVISION Concrete envelopes for underground electrical ducts and cover slabs for direct-buried cables shall have a specified 28 day compressive strength of 2,000 psi (14 MPa) and be colored red by adding 10 pounds of red oxide powder per cubic yard (6 kilograms per cubic meter) of concrete unless otherwise noted in the contract documents Concrete envelopes for underground instrument air-line ducts shall have a specified 28 day compressive strength of 2,000 psi (14 MPa) and be colored yellow by adding 10 pounds of yellow oxide powder per cubic yard (6 kilograms per cubic meter) of concrete unless otherwise noted in the contract documents Unless otherwise approved by the purchaser, job-mixed concrete shall not be permitted Placing Concrete Inspection and authorization shall be obtained from the purchaser before placing concrete Concrete delivery tickets shall be maintained as a record for ready mixed concrete Concrete that has achieved initial set or has been contaminated by foreign matter shall not be deposited in the structure Retempering or addition of water after concrete is first mixed shall not be permitted The addition of ice at the construction site shall be permitted only if it has been considered in the mix design. The concrete manufacturer shall provide written instructions on the required amount of ice and the mixing procedure Materials and equipment for protection and curing shall be operational at the placement site before placement begins Slabs shall be placed in alternating strips The interval between concrete deliveries shall be such that no more than 20 minutes interruption elapse during placement of a single foundation or slab, unless approved by the engineer of record Discharge of the concrete shall be completed within 45 minutes after the introduction of the mixing water to the cement and aggregates or the introduction of the cement to the aggregates. This time may be extended up to 90 minutes with approval of the engineer of record Curing and Protection Unless otherwise specified in this Practice or in the contract documents, concrete shall be cured and protected in accordance with ACI , Section Page 12 of 15

15 Concrete not in contact with forms may utilize any of the methods indicated in ACI , Section , for the preservation of moisture. However, for interior concrete slabs, ponding, sprayed water, or wet sand shall not be permitted Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, liquid membrane curing compounds shall not be used on surfaces that shall receive bonded treatments, tiles, paint or other adhered finishes, epoxy toppings, or additional concrete Hydraulic (Liquid-Tight) Structures Any structure designated as a hydraulic structure in the contract documents shall comply with the following: 1. Hydraulic structures shall be cured by a wet-cure procedure only (e.g., use of ponding, sprinkling, or a moisture-retaining fabric). 2. Moist wood forms in contact with concrete shall not be considered as curing for hydraulic structures. 3. Curing shall occur for a minimum of 14 days. 4. Wall forms shall be loosened and water continually sprinkled between the wall and forms Surface Finishing and Tolerances Unless otherwise specified in the contract documents, the surface finish and correlating tolerance requirements shall be in accordance with ACI Equipment bases shall be finished with a floated finish. Stairs, steps, ramps, and walks shall be finished with a broom finish Interior floor slabs shall be finished with a trowel finish in accordance with the conventional flat tolerance requirements of ACI Roads, area paving, and exterior slabs shall be finished with a broom or belt finish in accordance with the conventional straightedged tolerance requirements of ACI Repair of Surface Defects Unless otherwise specified or permitted by the engineer of record, tie holes, honeycombs, and other concrete surface defects shall be repaired promptly after form removal at a time and in a manner that shall not delay, interfere with, or impair the proper curing of the fresh concrete The engineer of record shall be notified before proceeding with repair if the defect is either of the following sizes: a. Depth is greater than 3 inches (75 mm) at the maximum point and surface area is greater than 150 square inches (100,000 square mm). Page 13 of 15

16 COMPLETE REVISION b. Depth is greater than 1/4 the thickness of the member and greater than 6 inches (150 mm) in any other direction Prepackaged grouts and patching compounds or a patching mortar similar to the concrete mix without coarse aggregate may be used with approval from the engineer of record. The color shall match the surrounding area Out-of-tolerance slabs shall be repaired by grinding down high points and/or raising low points by using a specified underlayment compound or repair topping if the areas are exposed Critical slab areas, identified in the contract documents shall be replaced if out-of-tolerance. A demolition and replacement plan for the slab areas shall be submitted to the engineer of record for review and approval before proceeding Hot and Cold Weather Concreting If the combination of temperature, humidity, and wind velocity as shown in ACI 305R, Figure 2.1.5, is expected to cause a rate of evaporation equal to or greater than 0.2 pounds per square foot per hour (9.6 newtons per square meter per hour), the recommendations of ACI 305R shall be followed for concrete supply and construction If the minimum temperature criteria of ACI , Section , applies, the requirements of ACI shall be followed for concrete supply and construction Architectural and Prestressed Concrete Architectural and prestressed concrete requirements that are in addition to ACI 301 and this Practice shall be in accordance with the contract documents. 4.4 Loading of Self-Supporting Members Unless otherwise approved by the engineer of record, no superimposed load shall be applied to self-supporting members before the 28-day verification of the specified strength, unless the specified 28-day strength has been verified by fieldcured cylinders. Page 14 of 15

17 Table 3 Supplier Data Requirements Type of Submittal When Required Remarks For Approval For Record Weekly After Notice to Proceed Before Fabrication With RFQ Submittal Supplier's QA Program Batch Plant and Truck Mixer Certification Mix Designs Trial Batch Qualification Test Results Cement Certifications Mineral Additive If applicable Certifications Fine and Coarse Aggregate Certifications Admixture Certifications Material Suppliers, Sources, and Certifications Manufacturer Spec's, Certifications and Installation Instructions Proposed Curing Methods Reinforcing Bending Schedule and Placing Drawings 7 days Certified Mill Test Reports for each bar size and heat number 7 days If requested Epoxy Coating Inspection If applicable Reports Delivery Ticket With delivery Compression Test Reports Compression Breaks 500 psi (3500 KPa) or more below required Same day submittal Water Testing Reports 10 days If applicable Page 15 of 15