Going Deep on Plug Loads: Strategies from the Bullitt Center 12 th Annual Energy/Facilities Connections (EFC) Conference 4 May 2016 Leavenworth, WA

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Design Lab University of Washington Department of Architecture cmeek@uw.edu http://www.bullittcenter.

om @ the Bullitt Center The Integrated Design Lab The Discovery Commons UW Integrated Design Lab, 2015 www.

1 Going Deep on Plug Loads: Strategies from the Bullitt Center 12 th Annual Energy/Facilities Connections (EFC) Conference 4 May 2016 Leavenworth, WA Christopher Meek, AIA, IESNA Associate Professor + Director Integrated Design Lab University of Washington Department of Architecture cmeek@uw.edu the Bullitt Center The Integrated Design Lab The Discovery Commons UW Integrated Design Lab, The Bullitt Center Image: Architectural Record UW Integrated Design Lab, 2015 The greenest commercial building in the world

Point32 Schuchart Construction Client Architecture Mechanical & Electrical Solar Array Consultant Lighting Landscape Civil

2 Design and Construction Team The Bullitt Foundation The Miller Hull Partnership PAE Engineers Solar Design Associates Luma Lighting Design The Berger Partnership Springline Design DCI Engineers UW Integrated Design Lab 2020 Engineering RDH Point32 Schuchart Construction Client Architecture Mechanical & Electrical Solar Array Consultant Lighting Landscape Civil Structural Daylighting and Solar Shading Design Natural Waste Treatment Systems Building Envelope Developer General Contractor 2

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6 Net Zero Operation: CBECS Median US Office Building 6

7 Net Zero Operation: Seattle Energy Code Building Net Zero Operation: LEED Platinum Building 7

8 Net Zero Operation: Bullitt Center Design Solar Budget: Net Metering 8

9 The Road to Net Zero 700, ,000 SOLAR Annual Energy (kwh) 500, , , ,000 Net Zero Operation DOMEST HOT WTR ELEVATOR VENT FANS PUMPS & AUX SPACE COOLING SPACE HEATING MISC EQUIP 100,000 IT SERVER LIGHTS 0 The Road to Net Zero 700, ,000 SOLAR Annual Energy (kwh) 500, , , ,000 Net Zero Operation DOMEST HOT WTR ELEVATOR VENT FANS PUMPS & AUX SPACE COOLING SPACE HEATING MISC EQUIP 100,000 IT SERVER LIGHTS 0 9

10 Ground Source Heat Pump Heavy Timber Structure: A 250 Year Building 10

11 Water Conservation Water and Waste Systems: rainwater harvesting and composting toilets Courtesy: 2020 Engineering Modeled End Use Energy Distribution Diagram: PAE Engineering UW Integrated Design Lab,

12 CBECS Climate Zone 3 Averages Plug loads are ~ 17% on an EUI of 92 kbtu/ft² yr (15.6) Plug Loads Consume Approx. 29%* of Seattle Energy Code Office Building Site Energy and 38% of Site Electricity (SEC, 2009) Plug Load Energy in NW Buildings Office Building: Seattle Energy Code 2009 (SEC, 2009) EUI ~42 kbtu/ft² yr Plug loads alone = ~12.8 kbtu/ft² yr UW Integrated Design Lab, 2015 *This is based on modeling done in 2009 I presume the wattage is dropping somewhat die to adoption of more laptop computers. 12

Bullitt Center EUI ~16 kbtu/ft² yr (Now operating ~10 kbtu/ft² yr) Plugs alone = ~7.6 (3.1) kbtu/ft² yr with controls UW Integrated Design Lab, 2015 Plug Loads Consume Approx.

13 Bullitt Center EUI ~16 kbtu/ft² yr (Now operating ~10 kbtu/ft² yr) Plugs alone = ~7.6 (3.1) kbtu/ft² yr with controls UW Integrated Design Lab, 2015 Plug Loads Consume Approx. 29%* of Seattle Energy Code Office Building Site Energy and 38% of Site Electricity (SEC, 2009) Plug Load Energy in NW Buildings Office Building: Seattle Energy Code 2009 (SEC, 2009) EUI ~42 kbtu/ft² yr Plug loads alone = ~12.8 kbtu/ft² yr If plug load reduction performance is not persistent over time the project will not meet net zero operation. 13

14 Daylighting! 14

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16 UW Integrated Design Lab,

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18 Tenant Engagement (Office Equipt. Plug Loads) 18

19 Energy Conservation Measures TYPICAL BUILDING With ENERGY CONSERVATION With OCCUPANT ENGAGEMENT DESIGN = 38% DESIGN + PEOPLE = 70% 19

20 Green Lease at Bullitt Center Many provisions Includes tenant energy budget apportioned by square footage of leased area. UW Leased Area: 7950 ft² Annual Energy budget: 5452 kwh Plug Load Energy Allocation Density: 0.69 kwh/ft² Plug Load 2000 hrs: W/ft² (whole 200 ft²/person: ~70 W/workstation UW Integrated Design Lab, 2015 Office Plug Load Survey: Workstations 20

21 Office Plug Load Survey: Copy Room Office Plug Load Survey: Kitchen 21

typical Work Station Efficiencies 250 watts

75 Watts each @ 100 Watts good (2009) 160

@ 80 Watts better (2010) 90 watts 2 22 LED-LCD

PAE Engineering Thin client Workstation 22

22 typical Work Station Efficiencies 250 watts Monitors Computer 2 20 CFL-LCD Watts 100 Watts good (2009) 160 watts 2 22 LED-LCD Watts 80 Watts better (2010) 90 watts 2 22 LED-LCD Watts 62 Watts Graphic: PAE Engineering Thin client Workstation 22 LED-LCD 14 watts 22 LED-LCD 14 watts 14 watts 42 watts 22

Smart Plug Strips control: switches and sensors meter: plugs and lights monitor: visualize and inform Comprehensive Plug Load/Task Lighting Management Web

23 Smart Plug Strips control: switches and sensors meter: plugs and lights monitor: visualize and inform Comprehensive Plug Load/Task Lighting Management Web based Real Time Plug Load Data Collection, Scheduling, and Reporting at Each Receptacle. Image: Enmetric Plug Load Manager/UW IDL UW Integrated Design Lab,

Live Demo* Enmetric Plugstrips https://prod.enmetric.com/ Username: enmetric@idl.

24 Live Demo* Enmetric Plugstrips Username: Password: * fingers crossed Occupant Feedback and Energy Performance Documentation M&V and Occupant Feedback UW Integrated Design Lab,

25 Predicted vs. Actual Bullitt Center Performance 60,000 Bullitt Center Performance Actuals, 10/1/15 50,000 40,000 30,000 Electric Consumption, kwh 20,000 10, ,000-20,000-30,000-40,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug SCL Power Used PV Exported to SCL PV Used by Bullitt Savings over Baseline Bullitt Building Use Est. Code Baseline SCL Net Meter - SVC 4 Proposed Tenant Building Graph: PAE Engineering Thank you! Christopher Meek, AIA, IES Associate Professor and Director Integrated Design Lab University of Washington Department of Architecture cmeek@uw.edu UW Integrated Design Lab,

26 Dynamic Solar Shading: Glare Control and Daylight Persistence Measure Baseline Windows Automated Exterior Blinds UW Integrated Design Lab,

27 Dynamic Luminance Map: Automated Blinds Deployment UW Integrated Design Lab,

Low-Hanging Fruit Simple Steps Toward Energy Effective Building Operations

Low-Hanging Fruit Simple Steps Toward Energy Effective Building Operations Roger Ebbage Northwest Water / Energy Education Institute Lane Community College May 7-9 Enzian Inn - Leavenworth, Washington