7. Draw an equipment set up for the production of a beam by post tensioning. 10. What are the common concrete structures which are produced by

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1 Construction Technology B (CON4313) Self Assessment Questions: Chapter 1 Prestressed Concrete 1. How does the prestressing of steel tendons in prestressed concrete offer a higher loading capacity than an RC beam spanning a larger distance? 2. Apart from spanning a greater distance, what are the advantages of Prestressed Concrete over RC? 3. What will be normal spanning distance of an RC and Prestressed Concrete building and bridge structures? 4. Distinguish with illustrations between the following components in a Prestressed Concrete beam: (i) single wire, (ii) strand, (iii) tendon. 5. Draw an equipment set up for the production of a beam by pre tensioning and describe briefly the appropriate working procedures. 6. What are the common concrete structures which are produced by pre tensioning? 7. Draw an equipment set up for the production of a beam by post tensioning. 8. Describe briefly the working procedures in post tensioning concrete production. 9. Why the tendon profile is always curved in a post tensioned concrete beam? 10. What are the common concrete structures which are produced by post tensioning? 11. A new concrete flyover bridge is to be built over a busy carriageway where the existing road traffic has to be maintained throughout the construction period. Suggest with reasons which method between pre tensioning and post tensioning will be more appropriate for the project. 12. A new concrete flyover bridge is to be built over a non occupied farming terrain. Suggest with reasons which method between pre tensioning and post tensioning will be more appropriate for the project.

2 Chapter 2 Pile Foundation 1. How are the piled foundations classified? 2. Where will friction piles be used? (or advantages) 3. Where will end bearing piles be used? (or advantages) 4. Where will displacement piles be used? (or advantages) 5. Where will replacement piles be used? (or advantages) 6. As an engineer, you are requested to design piled foundation for a tall building project next to a school. You have two options: either displacement piles or replacement piles. State your choice with justifications. 7. A high rise building is to be founded deep into underlying alluvial soil where no hard rock stratum could be found. You have two options: either end bearing piles or friction piles. State your choice with justifications. 8. State the function of helmet in displacement pile driving. Prepare a sketch to show the details. 9. Why are precast prestressed concrete tubular piles becoming less popular in local piled foundation practice? 10. Introduce steel H piles and describe how they are driven into soil with occasional hard soil strata. 11. Steel H piles embedded underground are susceptible to corrosion. What will be the engineering treatment to reduce the risk? 12. When should the displacement pile driving be stopped? (Or, how do we know the ultimate bearing capacity of piles driven is attained?) 13. Name the major equipments used in bored piling works and state the their respective functions. 14. What is RCD? (Describe with labeled diagram how a RCD is used in lifting excavated materials to the ground surface from the bottom of the bored hole driven by a piling rig.) 15. Explain the term Under reaming in piled foundation construction. 16. Some bored piles need not be supported during driving but most others require temporary supports. Why? 17. Describe briefly the permanent or temporary supports by casing, or filled with slurry in bored piles installation. 18. Describe with illustration the working procedures in bored pile installation. 19. What is a barratte piled foundation? 20. What is a minipile? Where will they be used? Describe the relevant construction procedures. 21. In slurry supported bored piles, concrete is often placed by Tremie concrete.

3 Describe appropriate working procedures. 22. The pile shaft and its bottom is often poorly visible for visual inspection. What quality measures could be undertaken to assure the bored pile has been properly installed? 23. Excavation below ground during bored pile installation while concrete is placed from the bottom of the bored shaft to the ground surface. Describe any non destructive test to be carried out to assure the pile integrity and the associated concrete quality.

4 Chapter 3 Basement 1. Excavation of a deep basement is often leading to subsidence of a nearby building foundation. Review the sentence its correctness or not. 2. Differentiate with illustrations the following cut off walings: (a) mixed in place wall (b) thin grouted diaphragm 3. Why does a ground sometimes need treatment before any excavation? State different treatment methods in controlling ground water. 4. Differentiate with illustrations the following cut off walings: (a) bentonite grouting (b) chemical grouting (c) cement grouting 5. What is a circular cofferdam? State its principal construction advantages. 6. Explain the diaphragm walling techniques in basement construction. 7. Describe will annotations the construction process in diaphragm wall construction. 8. What is a soldier pile wall? 9. In some occasions, the basement is constructed from the ground surface downwards instead of conventionally bottom upwards. Why? 10. Prepare a general method statement for top down construction of a deep basement. Give illustrations for the individual construction stages.

5 Chapter 4 Bridge Construction 1. Draw a layout to show different functional components of a flyover bridge. 2. Classify bridges in terms of their structural forms. 3. Classify bridges in terms of their purposes. 4. Classify bridges in terms of their deck structures. 5. Classify bridges in terms of their construction methods. 6. Draw the section layout for the following concrete bridge decks: (a) Slab bridge with inverted beams (b) Box beam (c) M Beam with top slab (d) box girder 7. A concrete bridge is to be built above an existing railway line from the crest of a slope on one side to the opposite side. The railway traffic shall not be interrupted by all means. Suggest a suitable construction method for the bridge with its method statement. 8. A concrete motor viaduct is to be built over a series of concrete piers standing well above a flat plain. Suggest a suitable construction method for the viaduct project with its method statement. 9. A bridge is to be constructed over a channel of 1700 m in width where navigation requires a high headroom and wide water course for busy marine traffic tankers and boats. Suggest a suitable structural form for the bridge with its components layout. 10. A bridge is to be constructed over a deep gorge of 500 m in width and 350 m deep. Stable and sound rock outcrops are found on both valley sides. Conventional falsework are found unsuitable for high elevation erection nor any tall standing bridge pier construction from its bottom justified. Suggest a suitable structural form for the bridge with its components layout. 11. A bridge of 6 km in length is to be constructed over a large piece of river estuary where water depth is about 10 m. The navigation requirement in the vicinity is expected low but small boats. Suggest a suitable structural form for the bridge with its components layout. 12. Describe with labeled diagrams the incremental launching method in concrete bridge construction. 13. Describe with labeled diagrams the cast in place balanced cantilever method in concrete bridge construction. 14. Describe with labeled diagrams the precast segmental launching method in concrete bridge construction.

6 15. Describe with labeled diagram the span by span erection method in concrete bridge construction. 16. Draw sketch to differentiate the following truss structures: (a) Warren Truss (b) Pratt Truss (c) Howe Truss 17. Draw a layout for the major components of a suspension bridge. 18. Draw a layout for the major components of a cable stayed bridge. 19. Prepare the method statement of the major construction activities for construction of suspension bridge. 20. Prepare the method statement of the major construction activities for construction of cable stayed bridge. 21. What are the functions of bridge bearings to be provided at the top if concrete pier? 22. Classify the bearings according to the bridge deck movement accommodation. State the movement intended by each type of bearing. 23. Prepare drawings for the following types of expansion joint in bridge deck structures: (a) liner rocker bearing (b) spherical rocker bearing (c) Single roller bearing (d) multiple roller bearing (e) plane sliding bearing (f) spherical sliding bearing (g) elastomer bearing (h) Pot bearing

7 Chapter 5 Tunneling 1. Prepare different tunnel sections and indicate the areas of their respective applications in civil engineering works. 2. What are the common alternative lining materials in tunnel design? 3. It is important to prevent ingress of ground water into tunnel interior space when the latter is put into service. In case of preformed segments, what will be water tightness measures designed to stop the water seepage? Provide illustrated sketches to show the construction details. 4. A collapsible travelling formwork and concrete pumping will be employed to cast the in situ concrete lining in a tunnel. Draw labeled sketched to show the construction details. 5. In a rock tunnel, what is the most common lining design and construction? 6. Discuss the feasibility of using cut and cover method in construction of a shallow tunnel along the King s Road from Tin Hau to Noth Point in Hong Kong Island. 7. Open cut is not allowed to lay a new pipeline across a busy road junction. What will be the other viable pipe laying alternative? Describe the method with illustrations to show the necessary equipment setup. 8. To control the deflection and minimize the damage to the adjacent building foundations, the diaphragm wall is constructed along both sides of a road. The pre deck is then completed and open to vehicular traffic, and the tunnel excavation are set to follow. Draw the diagram to show the construction details of this method. 9. In soft ground tunneling, it is important to make the tunnel working face stable while leaving the ground surface above the tunnel alignment remained intact. What is the most appropriate tunneling method for this case? Draw the equipment set up. 10. Explain the hazard of using compressed air in soft tunneling work when ground water seepage becomes unacceptably large. 11. Distinguish with illustrations between the following specialized tunneling methods: (a) Earth Pressure balanced Shield (b) Bentonite Shield 12. A rock tunnel of 1 km total length is to be constructed to cut through a hill. Ground water and faults have been checked out to cause very minor construction problems. Discuss the merits and demerits between the TBM and Drill and Blast Method. 13. Why heading benching is sometimes used in rock tunneling works? Give a

8 typical work layout sketch. 14. When will the drift method be employed in tunneling work? What are the possible modes of drifts to be used? 15. Explain with illustrations the principle of NATM in rock tunneling. 16. NATM does not require the immediate temporary supports to the tunnel roof and wall soon after blasting. What should we need to do in order to ensure the NATM is safe in later stages? 17. List the principal operations for a submerged tunnel construction. 18. Describe with illustrations the following different operations for immersed tunnel construction: (a) trench preparation (b) launching and sinking (c) jointing (d) sand jetting (e) backfilling 19. Explain how the water tightness is achieved during sinking and jointing of individual immersed tunnel units under water.

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