Hygrothermal Modeling & Building Enclosure Design. Introduction
|
|
- Wendy Townsend
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Hygrothermal Modeling & Building Enclosure Design Introduction
2 Hygrothermal Modeling & Building Enclosure Design Presentation Outline 1. Introduction 2. Why Use Hygrothermal Modeling 3. The WUFI Program 4. WUFI Inputs 5. WUFI Outputs 6. Frame Wall Examples 7. Case Studies 8. Limitations 9. Conclusions Presenters: Dave Bryan AIA, LEED AP Third Level Design Minneapolis, Minnesota John Rahill AIA Black River Design Montpelier, Vermont Introduction
3 THE 1970 s BROUGHT FOCUS ON USING RENEWABLE ENERGY, NOT ON SAVING ENERGY. ACTIVE SOLAR! GREEN LUMBER 2X6 FRAMING, FIBERGLASS INSULATION NO INSULATION AROUND THE FOUNDATION OR UNDER SLAB FULL 8 OF INSULATION BETWEEN FRAMING IN ROOF Introduction
4 Hood House 3rd Project of Black River Construction View of Wood Trusses Solar Heat Storage System Introduction
5 WHICH HOUSE WAS AHEAD OF THEIR TIME? THE ENVELOPE: IS WHERE IT S AT THE GREATEST ADVANCEMENTS IN UNDERSTANDING HOW BUILDINGS PERFORM HAS BEEN IN THE ENVELOPE AND IN REDUCING HEAT LOSS NOT IN RENEWABLE ENERGY + TECHNOLOGY Introduction
6 Before we tightened up buildings, we didn t have many moisture problems 1800 S HOUSE LITTLE INSULATION, NO VAPOR BARRIER, GOOD DRYING FROM INSIDE AND OUTSIDE, POROUS WALLS Introduction
7 BROUHA HOUSE: Vapor barrier carefully installed, fiberglass batt insulation, tar paper, new siding. and Peeling Paint! Introduction
8 BROUHA HOUSE, A FEW YEARS LATER: When design fails: Everyone s opinion is valid. Why is the paint peeling? Wrong brand of paint Should have used stain Should have back primed Should not have used a vapor barrier it needs to be removed Introduction
9 TIMBER FRAME MODERN HOME VERMONT 1999 Introduction
10 Introduction
11 TIMBER FRAME MODERN HOME 5 YEARS LATER: The paint is peeling on the siding.. Introduction
12 TIMBER FRAME MODERN HOME TIMBER FRAME WALL SECTION Introduction
13 CONTRIBUTING FACTORS TO WALL FAILURE Introduction
14 PAST ASSUMPTIONS THAT GOT US INTO TROUBLE: 1. In Northern Climates moisture source is in the interior, so you can prevent problems with an impermeable interior vapor barrier when it is done perfectly 2. Siding can be made waterproof. 3. Human beings are predictable 4. Air Tightness will take care of itself. 5. Thermal Bridging is a minor issue 6. Caulking Works 7. Contractors and Subcontractors have the same concern for the details that we have. Introduction
15 How do we design resilient, energy efficient building enclosures that avoid problems with mold, rot and corrosion? How we used to do it: Consider examples of local buildings Consult best practices checklist Comply with building codes Guess the rest! Why Use Hygrothermal Modeling
16 Why Use Hygrothermal Modeling
17 HYGROTHERMAL MODELING An analytical tool for designing building assemblies to: Control moisture Reduce the risk of mold, rot and corrosion Allows fine-tuning assemblies for longevity and cost-effectiveness Allows sensitivity analysis to determine critical variables: Vapor retarder type Insulation quantity, type and location Sheathing type Air-tightness of assemblies Air barrier permeability Natural ventilation of wall and roof cavities Interior relative humidity Why Use Hygrothermal Modeling
18 Other Reasons Hygrothermal Modeling is Worthwhile: 1. Getting it wrong can be very expensive Why Use Hygrothermal Modeling
19 Other Reasons Hygrothermal Modeling is Worthwhile: 1. Getting it wrong can be very expensive 2. As insulation levels increase, the danger of moisture damage increases Why Use Hygrothermal Modeling
20 Other Reasons Hygrothermal Modeling is Worthwhile: 1. Getting it wrong can be very expensive 2. As insulation levels increase, the danger of moisture damage increases 3. As architecture firms expand their geographic markets, they are continually designing assemblies for new climates Why Use Hygrothermal Modeling
21 Other Reasons Hygrothermal Modeling is Worthwhile: 1. Getting it wrong can be very expensive 2. As insulation levels increase, the danger of moisture damage increases 3. As architecture firms expand their geographic markets, they are continually designing assemblies for new climates 4. New materials cannot necessarily just be substituted for old materials Why Use Hygrothermal Modeling
22 Other Reasons Hygrothermal Modeling is Worthwhile: 1. Getting it wrong can be very expensive 2. As insulation levels increase, the danger of moisture damage increases 3. As architecture firms expand their geographic markets, they are continually designing assemblies for new climates 4. New materials cannot necessarily just be substituted for old materials 5. As old buildings are re-insulated, creative solutions are needed to control moisture Why Use Hygrothermal Modeling
23 Other Reasons Hygrothermal Modeling is Worthwhile: 1. Getting it wrong can be very expensive 2. As insulation levels increase, the danger of moisture damage increases 3. As architecture firms expand their geographic markets, they are continually designing assemblies for new climates 4. New materials cannot necessarily just be substituted for old materials 5. As old buildings are re-insulated, creative solutions are needed to control moisture 6. It works better than guessing Why Use Hygrothermal Modeling
24 Why Use Hygrothermal Modeling
25 Infiltration Control WUFI Resilience & Tolerance to Uncontrollable Events WUFI Moisture Vapor Control WUFI Affordability Success Criteria for Wall and Roof Design Insulation Effectiveness Ease of Construction Low Maintenance, Maximum Longevity WUFI Rain Penetration Control WUFI The WUFI Program
26 WUFI??. Acronym for Transient Heat and Moisture Transport Verified by extensive (& on-going) field and laboratory testing in Germany & U.S. Allows realistic calculation of the moisture behavior of building assemblies The WUFI Program
27 The WUFI Program
28 The WUFI Program
29 Fraunhofer Institute, Holzkirchen, Germany: Building Materials Test Facilities Hartwig Kunsel, Director F.I. Holzkirchen The WUFI Program
30 The WUFI Program
31 Field Validation Example: Wall Assembly Test Facility in Charleston, South Carolina by Oak Ridge National Laboratories One of many sites used to validate WUFI results against actual performance The WUFI Program
32 The WUFI Program
33 WUFI Inputs
34 Exterior Climate WUFI Inputs
35 Exterior Climate Driving Rain Varies Tremendously by Region Zone 6 Zone 6 Zone 5 Minneapolis Montpelier Boston WUFI Inputs
36 Wind-Driven Rain and Building Envelopes Perfect building assemblies exist only on paper Most wall claddings and many types of roof claddings leak Moisture-tolerant enclosures must be designed to deal with water that penetrates the cladding ASHRAE Standard 160 Criteria for Moisture Control in Buildings requires walls to withstand 1% of wind-driven rain penetrating the cladding Modeled and Measured Drainage, Storage and Drying behind Cladding Systems, Straube, 2007 WUFI Inputs
37 Interior Climate WUFI Inputs
38 Interior Climate WUFI Inputs
39 Moisture Movement Mechanisms Higher air pressure Lower air pressure Air flow through visible cracks and holes Water vapor is carried by the air Higher water vapor concentration Lower water vapor concentration No air flow Water vapor flow through tiny pores Control with Air Barrier Small holes & seams must be sealed. Continuity important Control with Vapor Retarder Small holes & seams not too important if there is a good air barrier Both Air Barrier and Vapor Retarder are important from: Insulations, Sheathings and Vapor Diffusion Retarders, Building Science Corporation 2003 WUFI Inputs
40 5/8 gypsum board with latex paint Example of WUFI Wall Section Input WUFI Inputs
41 Example of WUFI Output Film Clip of Wall Section Status in October Exterior Interior WUFI Outputs
42 Example of WUFI Output Film Clip of Wall Section Status in February Exterior Interior WUFI Outputs
43 Example of WUFI Output Center of Sheathing WUFI Outputs
44 Damage Threshold Criteria Identify moisture sensitive materials and critical components Structural damage of wood products: Limit moisture content of wood products to 18% peak (80% to 85% R.H.) Check for mold growth risk Structural damage of gypsum products: Limit moisture content of fiberglass-faced gypsum to 90% to 95% R.H. Check for mold growth risk Corrosion of metals: Keep the surface of metals < 80% R.H. for any 30 day period (unless specific material information is available) Corrosion Rates vs RH, Harriman, 2003 WUFI Outputs
45 Fraunhofer Institute, Holzkirchen, Germany: Building Mold and Fungi Studies WUFI Outputs
46 A Short Hygrothermal History of Frame Walls in Zone 6 Frame Wall Examples
47 International Energy Conservation Code U.S. Climate Zones Building Science Corporation Frame Wall Examples
48 Frame Wall Examples
49 WUFI results for unvented wood cladding in Minneapolis Leaky 2 X4 wall with R11 fiberglass and interior latex paint Legacy Wall 1 Damage Threshold WUFI Assumptions: ASHRAE 160P rain load 1% wind-driven rain penetration South-east facing wall Moisture Load: 1 person/5880 cu.ft. Unvented cladding is leaky: 4 ach.5 interior air changes per hour Class C infiltration rate into stud cavity Temperature and Relative Humidity of Sheathing Frame Wall Examples
50 WUFI results for unvented wood cladding in Minneapolis Leaky 2 x6 wall with R19 fiberglass and interior latex paint Legacy Wall 2 Damage Threshold Red Text indicates change since last case WUFI Assumptions: ASHRAE 160P rain load 1% wind-driven rain penetration South-east facing wall Moisture Load: 1 person/5880 cu.ft. Unvented cladding is leaky: 4 ach.5 interior air changes per hour Class C infiltration rate into stud cavity Temperature and Relative Humidity of Sheathing Frame Wall Examples
51 WUFI results for unvented wood cladding in Minneapolis Tighter 2 x6 wall with R19 fiberglass, interior latex paint and mechanical ventilation Legacy Wall 3 Damage Threshold Red Text indicates change since last case WUFI Assumptions: ASHRAE 160P rain load 1% wind-driven rain penetration South-east facing wall Moisture Load: 1 person/5880 cu.ft. Unvented cladding is leaky: 4 ach.35 interior air changes per hour Class B infiltration rate into stud cavity Temperature and Relative Humidity of Sheathing Frame Wall Examples
52 WUFI results for unvented wood cladding in Minneapolis Tighter 2 x6 wall with R19 fiberglass, polyethylene vapor barrier and mechanical ventilation Current Code Compliant Damage Threshold Red Text indicates change since last case WUFI Assumptions: Same As Previous Case Temperature and Relative Humidity of Sheathing Frame Wall Examples
53 WUFI results for unvented wood cladding in Minneapolis Tighter 10 wall with R30 fiberglass, interior vapor retarder paint and mechanical ventilation High Performance Wall Damage Threshold Red Text indicates change since last case Results are similar for other R30 vapor- permeable cavity insulations: cellulose & open cell spray foam WUFI Assumptions: Same As Previous Case Temperature and Relative Humidity of Sheathing Frame Wall Examples
54 Frame Wall Examples
55 WUFI: A MODELING PROGRAM TO HELP WHEN REAL LIFE GETS IN THE WAY INSULATION STRATEGY AFTER VALUE ENGINEERING Case Studies
56 Family Center Wall Design Evolution Initial Wall Design 4 Exterior Foam Sheathing Relative Humidity Damage Threshold Final Wall Design 1.5 Rigid with fiberglass in Cavity Sheathing Relative Humidity 4 Extruded Polystyrene Exterior Insulation No Stud Cavity Insulation 1.5 Extruded Polystyrene Exterior Insulation R19 Fiberglass Cavity Insulation R outside sheathing to R inside sheathing ~ 20 R outside sheathing to R inside sheathing ~.4 Case Studies
57 Family Center Wall Design Evolution Family Center: Second Set of Assemblies Max. R.H. (mid-winter) Max. % Water Content (mid-winter) Moisture Run Wall Description exterior insul sheathing spray foam cavity insul exterior insul sheathing spray foam cavity insul Creep? Case 1 wood clapboards, 3/4" airspace, 1.5" XPS, OSB, 5.5" unfaced f.g., 5/8" gyp.bd,1 perm v.b. 85% 90% 60% 1.7% 14.8% 4.7% N, 5 yr Case 2 cement board, 3/4" airspace,.05 perm Blueskin v.b.,1" XPS, plwd, 4" closed cell spray foam, 5/8" gyp.bd 90% 90% 60% 5.2% 18.0% 2.7% Y, 5 yr, sheath Case 3 cement board, 3/4" airspace, 8 perm Blueskin wrb,1" XPS, plwd, 4" closed cell spray foam, 5/8" gyp.bd 90% 88% 60% 4.1% 16.8% 2.4% N, 5 yr Case 4 wood clapboards, 3/4" airspace, 15 lb felt, 1.5" XPS, OSB, 5.5" unfaced f.g., 5/8" gyp.bd,1 perm v.b. 85% 90% 60% 1.8% 14.9% 4.6% N, 5 yr Case 5 wood clapboards, 3/4" airspace, 15 lb felt, 2" XPS, OSB, 5.5" unfaced f.g., 5/8" gyp.bd,1 perm v.b. 83% 90% 60% 1.7% 14.0% 4.2% N, 5 yr Case 6 wood clapboards, 3/4" airspace, 15 lb felt, 2" EPS, OSB, 5.5" unfaced f.g., 5/8" gyp.bd,1 perm v.b. 81% 90% 60% 1.3% 13.9% 4.2% N, 5 yr Case 7 clapboards, 3/4" airspace, 15 lb felt, 2" XPS, OSB, 1" closed cell spray foam, 3.5" unfaced f.g., 5/8" gyp.bd,1 83% 85% 70% 60% 1.9% 14.0% 4.1% 3.7% N, 5 yr Case 8 wood clapboards, 15 lb felt, OSB, 3.5" unfaced f.g., 5/8" gyp.bd,1 perm v.b. 92% 82% 19.0% 6.0% N, 3 yr Case 9 wood clapboards, 15 lb felt, OSB, 3.5" unfaced f.g., 5/8" gyp.bd,.1 perm v.b. 90% 81% 16.5% 6.7% N, 3 yr Case 10 wood clapboards, 15 lb felt, OSB, 5.5" unfaced f.g., 5/8" gyp.bd,.1 perm v.b. 93% 62% 19.1% 8.1% N, 5 yr Case 11 wood clapboards, 15 lb felt, OSB, 5.5" unfaced f.g., 5/8" gyp.bd,.07 perm v.b. (poly) 92% 62% 19.1% 8.1% N, 5 yr Case 12 wood clapboards, 15 lb felt, plywood, 5.5" unfaced f.g., 5/8" gyp.bd,.07 perm v.b. (poly) 91% 62% 21.9% 8.3% N, 5 yr Case 13 wood clapboards, 15 lb felt, plywood, 5.5" unfaced f.g., 5/8" gyp.bd, no v.b. 100% 61% 73.0% 44.0% N, 5 yr Case 14 wood clapboards, 15 lb felt, OSB, 3.5" unfaced f.g., 5/8" gyp.bd, no v.b. 100% 61% 80.0% 76.0% N, 3 yr Case 15 wood clapboards, 15 lb felt, OSB, 3.5" unfaced f.g., 5/8" gyp.bd, 4 perm paint 100% 82% 34.0% 8.2% N, 3 yr Case 16 wood clapboards, 15 lb felt, OSB, 3.5" unfaced f.g., 5/8" gyp.bd,.07 perm v.b., 4 perm paint 90% 83% 15.3% 7.7% N, 3 yr Case 17 wood clapboards, 15 lb felt, OSB, 5.5" unfaced f.g., 5/8" gyp.bd,.07 perm v.b., 4 perm paint 92% 60% 18.0% 9.3% N, 5 yr Case 18 clapboards, 3/4" airspace, 15 lb felt, 1" XPS, OSB, 2" closed cell spray foam, 3.5" unfaced f.g., 5/8" gyp.bd,1 86% 88% 69% 60% 2.2% 15.3% 4.2% 3.5% N, 5 yr Case 19 wood clapboards, 15 lb felt, OSB, 5.5" unfaced f.g., 5/8" gyp.bd,.07 perm v.b., 4 perm paint - low density batt 91% 61% 16.3% 1.4% N, 5 yr Case 20 wood clapboards, 15 lb felt, OSB, 3.5" unfaced f.g., 5/8" gyp.bd,.07 perm v.b., 4 perm paint- low density batt 89% 86% 14.9% 1.0% N, 5 yr Case 21 wood clapboards, 15 lb felt, OSB, 5.5" unfaced f.g., 5/8" gyp.bd, 1 perm v.b. - low density batt 93% 61% 19.5% 1.0% N, 5 yr Case 22 wood clapboards, 15 lb felt, OSB, 5.5" unfaced f.g., 5/8" gyp.bd, 1 perm paint - low density batt 93% 86% 19.9% 0.8% N, 5 yr Case 23 wood clapboards, 15 lb felt, OSB, 5.5" unfaced f.g., 5/8" gyp.bd, 1 perm v.b on ext of gyp.bd - low density batt 93% 60% 19.9% 0.8% N, 5 yr Case 24 wood clapboards, 15 lb felt, Plywd, 5.5" unfaced f.g., 5/8" gyp.bd, 1 perm paint - low density batt 92% 86% 22.1% 0.9% N, 5 yr Case 25 clapboards, 3/4" airspace, 15 lb felt,osb, 2" closed cell spray foam, 3.5" unfaced f.g., 5/8" gyp.bd,1 perm v.b. 91% 71% 61% 16.8% 6.3% 4.0% N, 5 yr Case 26 clapboards, 3/4" airspace, 15 lb felt,osb, 2" closed cell spray foam, 3.5" cellulose., 5/8" gyp.bd,1 perm v.b. 92% 71% 61% 17.0% 6.9% 10.4% N, 5 yr Case 27 clapboards, 3/4" airspace, "tyvek",osb, 2" closed cell spray foam, 3.5" cellulose., 5/8" gyp.bd,1 perm v.b. 91% 70% 61% 16.7% 6.7% 10.4% N, 5 yr Case 28 clapboards, 3/4" airspace, 15 lb felt,osb, 3" closed cell spray foam, 2.5" cellulose., 5/8" gyp.bd,1 perm v.b. 91% 68% 61% 16.5% 4.4% 9.7% N, 5 yr Case 29 clapboards, 3/4" airspace, 15 lb felt, 1" XPS, OSB, 2" closed cell spray foam, 3.5" cellulose, 5/8" gyp.bd,1 pe 86% 88% 67% 60% 2.2% 15.3% 4.6% 9.9% N, 5 yr Case 30 clapboards, 3/4" airspace, 15 lb felt, OSB, 2" c.c. spray foam, 3.5" cellulose, 5/8" gyp.bd,.1 perm v.b., 4 perm paint 91% 74% 60% 16.6% 5.2% 11.7% N, 5 yr Case 31 clapboards, 3/4" airspace, 15 lb felt, 1" XPS, OSB, 2" closed cell spray foam, 3.5" cellulose, 5/8" gyp.bd, no v 88% 90% 65% 65% 2.3% 15.9% 5.8% 9.0% N, 5 yr Case 32 wood clapboards, 3/4" airspace, 1.5" XPS, OSB, 5.5" unfaced f.g., 5/8" gyp.bd,1 perm v.b.- low density batt 82% 88% 60% 1.4% 13.6% 0.5% N, 5 yr Case 33 wood clapboards, 3/4" airspace, 1.5" XPS, OSB, 5.5" unfaced f.g., 5/8" gyp.bd, v.b, l.d. batt, Membrain, 4 per 77% 80% 65% 1.3% 11.8% 0.4% N, 5 yr Case 34 wood clapboards, 3/4" airspace, 1.5" XPS, OSB, 5.5" unfaced f.g., 5/8" gyp.bd,1 perm v.b, low density batt, N 81% 87% 60% 1.3% 13.2% 0.4% N, 5 yr Case 35 wood clapboards, 15 lb felt, OSB, 5.5" unfaced f.g., 5/8" gyp.bd, l.d. batt, Membrain, 4 perm paint 92% 74% 17.5% 0.7% N, 5 yr Criteria for full acceptance < 90% closed < 18% closed < 5% increase Criteria for marginal performance >90 & <100 cell >18 & <20 cell in MC over Criteria for rejection > or = 100% > or = 20% period Case Studies
58 Stay on this side of line for OSB or Plywood Sheathing.50 Case Studies
59 Vapor Permeability of selected Building Materials Class 1 Vapor Barriers Class 2 Vapor Retarders Class 3 Vapor Retarders 0 to.1 perms.1 to 1 perms 1 to 10 perms Polyethylene Sheet Vapor Barrier Paint Latex Paint Aluminum Foil Oil-based Paint, 3 coats Oil-based Paint, primer +1coat most Bituminous Sheet Closed-cell Polyurethane Closed-cell Polyurethane Materials spray foam, thicker than 2 spray foam, less than 1 Vinyl Wall Covering, Extruded Polystyrene, Extruded Polystyrene, un-perforated unfaced, thicker than 1 unfaced, less than 1 Hot Asphalt Roofing Kraft Paper (nominal) Kraft Paper (NAHB measured) Smart Vapor Retarders (Membrain, Intello) Open-cell Polyurethane spray foam (Icynene) Building codes generally require Class I or Class II vapor retarders for Climate Zones 5 through 8 Case Studies
60 Family Center Vapor Retarder Options Vapor Barrier Paint Sheathing Relative Humidity Damage Threshold Smart Vapor Retarder Sheathing Relative Humidity Vapor retarder selection can improve assembly performance Case Studies
61 PRIVATE RESIDENCE: CENTRAL VERMONT Case Studies
62 PRIVATE RESIDENCE: CENTRAL VERMONT PROPOSED WALL SECTION: CONTINUOUS RIGID INSULATION AROUND ENTIRE BUILDING VE WALL SECTION: 1.5 RIGID EXTERIOR INSULATION SPRAY FOAM INSULATION IN THE WALL CAVITY. Cost saving measure at the time. Case Studies
63 Wall Design Evolution Initial Wall Design Sheathing Relative Humidity Damage Threshold Final Wall Design Sheathing Relative Humidity 4 Foil-faced Isocyanurate Exterior Insulation No Stud Cavity Insulation 1.5 Foil-faced Isocyanurate Exterior Insulation 3.5 Closed Cell Spray Foam Cavity Insulation R outside sheathing to R inside sheathing ~ 26 R outside sheathing to R inside sheathing ~.4 Case Studies
64 INSULATION STRATEGY Case Studies
65 Closed Cell Polyurethane Spray Foam Stud Cavity Insulation Without Exterior Insulation: No ventilation behind cladding Damage Threshold Ventilation behind cladding No Exterior Insulation 3.5 Closed Cell Spray Foam Cavity Insulation No Exterior Insulation 3.5 Closed Cell Spray Foam Cavity Insulation Vertical furring strip cavity vented top and bottom Case Studies
66 WUFI allows simulation of the effectiveness of Naturally-Ventilated Wall and Roof Cavities Modeled and Measured Drainage, Storage and Drying behind Cladding Systems, Straube, 2007 Case Studies
67 WUFI Limitations Results are sensitive to material properties The requisite material properties are very detailed Complete data rarely available from manufacturers Must use standard WUFI library and modify as needed Results are sensitive to indoor relative humidity Varies by building use, airtightness, climate and user activity No active discussion group or third party operation & reference manual Must rely on personal research of available literature and WUFI forum The WUFI version in common use is one-dimensional Most assemblies aren t homogeneous Limitations
68 WUFI 1D & 2D Stud Wall Comparison WUFI 1D through cavity insulation Center of sheathing between studs Center of sheathing next to stud Center of sheathing outside stud Wood Stud Wall Minneapolis, fiber cement siding, Densglass sheathing, R11 in, R 10 out Limitations
69 Recommendations for Zone 6 Frame Walls Assume that wall the cladding will not be watertight Provide a drainage plane between cladding & water barrier Can be small ~ 1 mm Design assemblies to dry to both inside & outside Provide a Class II vapor retarder (.1 perm to 1 perm) on warm side Smart vapor retarder recommended for normal moisture loads Ventilate and control moisture sources to keep interior relative humidity between 30% and 60% Detail a continuous whole building air barrier Test and seal it during construction Specify.40 cfm/sq.ft. maximum building air leakage at 75 Pascals (or better) Conclusions
70 Guidelines for Zone 6 Frame Walls: Foil-faced exterior insulation: Avoid using foil-faced insulation with vapor permeable cavity insulation Exterior Insulation / Cavity Insulation Ratio is Important: Higher is drier Closed cell spray polyurethane foam in the stud cavity: For thickness > 3, use at least 1 exterior rigid insulation or vent the space behind the cladding top and bottom Conclusions
71 Hygrothermal Modeling & Building Enclosure Design Conclusions
72 Conclusions
73 University of MN Building Enclosure Research Building enclosure performance is very sensitive to material properties, construction practices and interior relative humidity - so designs should be fault tolerant Smart vapor retarder systems (polyamide films) perform better than polyethylene Certainteed Case Studies
74 U.S. Building Enclosure Air Leakage Comparison 2.5 Enclosure Air Leakage cfm/sq.ft. surface at 75 pa Commercial Residential 2012 IECC Commercial (.4 cfm / 75 Pa) Residential (3 50 Pa) NIST Study: Existing Commercial Buildings < 4 stories NIST Study: Target airtightness, 26% to 37% Minneapolis HVAC Savings Av. for U.S. Residential Housing Stock Av. for U.S. Residential Housing Stock since 1993 DOE Building America Residential Enclosure Standard Passivhaus Standard
75 Moisture Damage from Freeze/Thaw Cycles Case Studies
76 Pool Area Wall Plan Section Exterior Brick and Mortar Air Space Door Frame 2 Extruded Polystyrene Peel & Stick Air / Vapor Barrier 12 Concrete Block Air Space 4 Glazed Concrete Block Case Studies
77 Pool Area Brick Cavity Wall Cross-Section with Failed Air/Vapor Barrier February Temperature and Moisture Conditions Airspace 2 Extruded Polystyrene Air / Vapor Barrier Airspace Face Brick 12 Concrete Block 4 Glazed Concrete Block Case Studies
78 Case Studies
79 Case Studies
80 Outside R / Inside R Condensation Potential at the Condensation Plane with Permeable Stud-Cavity Insulation Annual Condensation Potential Hours Minneapolis, MN - Zone 6 - Medium Moisture Load (40% RH winter to 60% RH summer) Minneapolis, MN - Zone 6 - High Moisture Load (50% RH winter to 60% RH summer) Minneapolis, MN - Zone 6 - Low Moisture Load (30% RH winter to 60% RH summer)
81 Condensation Potential at the Condensation Plane with Permeable Stud-Cavity Insulation Outside R / Inside R Annual Condensation Potential Hours Montpelier, VT - Zone 6 - Medium Moisture Load (40% RH winter to 60% RH summer) Minneapolis, MN - Zone 6 - Medium Moisture Load (40% RH winter to 60% RH summer) Duluth, MN - Zone 7 - Medium Moisture Load (40% RH winter to 60% RH summer) Boston, MA - Zone 5 - Medium Moisture Load (40% RH winter to 60% RH summer)
82 WUFI results for unvented wood cladding in Minneapolis Tighter 2 x6 wall with R19 fiberglass, interior vapor retarder paint and mechanical ventilation Current Code Compliant Damage Threshold Red Text indicates change since last case WUFI Assumptions: Same As Previous Case Temperature and Relative Humidity of Sheathing Frame Wall Examples
83 WUFI results for vented wood cladding in Minneapolis Tighter 10 wall with R30 fiberglass, interior vapor retarder paint and mechanical ventilation High Performance Wall Damage Threshold Red Text indicates change since last case Results are similar for other R30 vapor- permeable cavity insulations: cellulose & open cell spray foam WUFI Assumptions: Same As Previous Case Temperature and Relative Humidity of Sheathing Frame Wall Examples
84 The WUFI Program
85 Good RH/Temp Data Points Bad RH/Temp Data Points Initial construction moisture in interior gypsum board dries gradually over a three year cycle Interior gypsum board annually cycles back into the mold growth danger zone Time Sequence of Data Points: yellow to green to black WUFI Outputs
86 Infiltration Control Resilience & Tolerance to Uncontrollable Events Moisture Vapor Control Affordability Success Criteria for Wall and Roof Design Insulation Effectiveness Ease of Construction Low Maintenance, Maximum Longevity Rain Penetration Control Why Use Hygrothermal Modeling
87 Note: a gap is recommended between OSB and SPF for moisture distribution when OSB has impermeable foam on both sides. Use grooved foam, crinkled building wrap, 1/8 polypropylene mesh, etc. Joe Lstiburek, Mind the Gap, Eh Frame Wall Examples
88 WUFI results for unvented wood cladding in Minneapolis 2 exterior XPS, 2 x6 wall with R19 fiberglass, interior vapor retarder paint and mechanical ventilation High Performance Wall Damage Threshold Red Text indicates change since last case WUFI Assumptions: Same As Previous Case Temperature and Relative Humidity of Sheathing Frame Wall Examples
89 WUFI results for unvented wood cladding in Minneapolis Tighter 2 x6 wall with R19 fiberglass, polyethylene vapor barrier and mechanical ventilation Current Code Compliant Damage Threshold Red Text indicates change since last case WUFI Assumptions: Same As Previous Case Mold Growth Potential on interior gypsum board Frame Wall Examples
90 Wall Cavity Ventilation is Beneficial for Most Assemblies in Most Climates Air Cavities Behind Claddings What Have We Learned, Karagiozis et.al., 2007 Frame Wall Examples
91 WUFI results for unvented wood cladding in Minneapolis 2 exterior XPS, 2 x6 wall with 1.5 SPF and R11 fiberglass, interior vapor retarder paint and mechanical ventilation High Performance Wall WUFI Assumptions: Same As Previous Case Temperature and Relative Humidity of Sheathing Frame Wall Examples
92 EIFS With Drainage Wall Assembly Frame Wall Examples
93 Effect of R-value Ratio on Wall Moisture Stay on this side of line for OSB or Plywood Sheathing.50 Frame Wall Examples
94 Effect of R-value Ratio on Wall Moisture Stay on this side of line for Gypsum Sheathing Frame Wall Examples
95 Generic Wall Components & Functions Frame Wall Examples
96 What s wrong with this picture? Limitations
97 Air Barrier Benefits and Costs Annual HVAC Energy Use, MBtu Reduction in Energy Use by Air Barriers for Typical Existing Minneapolis Buildings 41% 27% 39% Office Buildings Retail Buildings Apartment Buildings Energy Use with Reduced Air Leakage Energy Savings from NIST Study on Commercial Building Airtightness and Energy Use Base airtightness is 1.4 cfm/ft2 at 75 Pa Readily Achievable target airtightness is.24 cfm/ft2 at 75 Pa
98 Air Barrier Benefits and Costs $14,000 Air Barrier Savings and Costs for Typical Existing Minneapolis Buildings $12,000 $10,000 $8,000 $6,000 $4,000 $2,000 $0 Office Buildings Retail Buildings Apartment Buildings Annual Savings Air Barrier Costs for Frame Buildings Air Barrier Costs for Masonry Buildings from NIST Study on Commercial Building Airtightness and Energy Use
99 Worst Case Air Leakage Scenario 1. air or vapor-permeable cavity insulation 2. major vapor retarder and/or air barrier failure 3. moist room air reaches a cold condensation plane High Damage Potential Low Damage Potential Fraunhofer Institute Case Studies
100 WUFI 2D Stud Wall Comparison Minneapolis, fiber cement siding, Densglass sheathing, R11 in, R 10 out WUFI 1D center of sheathing Same both cases Wood Stud Wall Metal Stud Wall Limitations
101 WUFI Limitations Results are sensitive to material properties The requisite material properties are very detailed Complete data rarely available from manufacturers Must use standard WUFI library and modify as needed Results are sensitive to indoor relative humidity Varies by building use, airtightness, climate and user activity No true convection modeling of airspaces Makes some assemblies (especially in 2D) difficult to analyze Ventilated cladding and infiltration models are simplifications Infiltration model only verified for cold climates No gravity Condensation does not end up sitting on the stud wall plate No active discussion group or third party operation & reference manual Must rely on personal research of available literature and WUFI forum The WUFI version in common use is one-dimensional Most assemblies aren t homogeneous Limitations
102 Quality Control and Quality Assurance Prerequisites: Understand material properties and basic physics of heat and moisture transfer Understand building assemblies and construction practices Understand building operation and interior climate Evaluate building assemblies for best practices and thermal bridging If you don t control air movement, you can t control moisture Use WUFI output statistics to evaluate simulation accuracy Use conservative assumptions Don t lowball interior relative humidity Don t assume construction is perfect Choose the critical wall or roof orientation Assume 1% of driving rain penetrates wall cladding (ASHRAE standard160) Use WUFI 2D to check the validity of 1D analysis Strive to validate results against actual building performance You need to know where you re going Interpolate don t Extrapolate Limitations
103 Bio-adverse materials with porous structures like plaster, some woods, insulation Easily bio-degradable materials like paper and processed wood products WUFI Outputs
104 Sorption Curve for Common Building Materials WUFI Outputs
105 NEXT REVELATION: PASSIVE NOT ACTIVE SOLAR DIRECT ABSORPTION HEAT SINKS, AND SHADING BLACK RIVER CONSTRUCTION BUILT SOLAR COMPONENTS CONTRACTOR BUILT REST OF THE BUILDING Introduction
106 Condensation Potential in Minneapolis for 40% interior R.H.
107 Limitations of Condensation Analysis Assumes unlimited quantities of interior air reach the condensing surface Requires an assumption of: what exterior air temperature to use or a threshold for condensation hours Does not recognize that mold growth and damage to assemblies occurs below 100% relative humidity Provides guidance but is not a suitable tool for fine-tuning building assemblies
Smart Vapor Retarders
CertainTeed Smart Vapor Retarders Insulation B UILDING S CIENCE SMART VAPOR RETARDERS: A TECHNOLOGY PRIMER For years, builders have relied on a dual climate-zone classification for the placement of vapor
More informationHow to Meet Code and Manage Moisture in an Environment of Increasing Air Tightness Requirements. Ted Winslow
How to Meet Code and Manage Moisture in an Environment of Increasing Air Tightness Requirements Ted Winslow 10.04.17 Builders are taking a Strategic Approach to Meet evolving building code requirements
More informationReduce Wall Condensation Potential with Insulated Sheathing TECH SOLUTIONS 214.0
TECH SOLUTIONS 14. Reduce Wall Condensation Potential with Summary Insulated sheathing provides exceptional moisture protection performance in residential walls versus traditional spun-bonded polyolefin
More informationLow-cost Construction for High-energy Savings. Brian J. Wimmer Construction Manager Rochester Area Habitat for Humanity
Low-cost Construction for High-energy Savings Brian J. Wimmer Construction Manager Rochester Area Habitat for Humanity construction@rahh.org Objectives: 1. Control air & moisture in high-performance, low-cost
More informationWhy Control Heat flow? How to Control Heat Flow? Thermal Performance. Modes of heat transfer: Thermal Control: Insulation & Thermal Bridges
Fundamentals Insulation and Thermal Bridges June 13-14, 2012 Why Control Heat flow? Joseph Lstiburek, Ph.D., P.Eng John Straube, Ph.D., P.Eng 2012 Thermal Control: Insulation & Thermal Bridges 1. Occupant
More informationIncorporating Insulating Sheathing into the Design of the Thermal and Moisture Management System of the Building Enclosure
Incorporating Insulating Sheathing into the Design of the Thermal and Moisture Management System of the Building Enclosure Peter Baker, Building Science Corporation ABSTRACT With rising utility cost, concerns
More informationBuilding Science Fundamentals Thermal Control: Insulation & Thermal Bridges May 29-30, Straube buildingscience.com 1 of 24
Fundamentals Thermal Control: Insulation & Thermal Bridges May 29-30, 2013 Straube buildingscience.com 1 of 24 Fundamentals Thermal Control: Insulation & Thermal Bridges May 29-30, 2013 Straube buildingscience.com
More informationThis presentation. Functions of the building enclosure. University of Waterloo and Balanced Solutions. Straube Presentation Building Canada
Hygrothermal Basement Performance, or Why do we get water when we dig holes in the ground? Dr John Straube October, 2004 This presentation What do basements do Examine performance Why problems What solutions
More informationCertainTeed TECHNICAL BROCHURE
CertainTeed TECHNICAL BROCHURE Managing Air & Moisture Flow to Create Comfortable, Healthy Buildings A Complete Approach Whether you are an architect, builder, contractor, distributor or code official,
More informationbuilding science.com Building Science Digest 106 Understanding Vapor Barriers (rev. April 2011) by Joseph Lstiburek Abstract:
building science.com 2006 Building Science Press All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. Building Science Digest 106 Understanding Vapor Barriers 2006-10-24 (rev. April 2011) by Joseph Lstiburek
More informationInsight. Stress Relief. By Joseph W. Lstiburek, Ph.D., P.Eng., Fellow ASHRAE
Insight An edited version of this Insight first appeared in the ASHRAE Journal. By Joseph W. Lstiburek, Ph.D., P.Eng., Fellow ASHRAE Claddings and trim get the most stress imaginable next to roofing. They
More information2013 COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS
2013 COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS EXPLORE GEOMETRY AND SPACE WITHOUT COMPROMISING BUILDING ENVELOPE PERFORMANCE Commercial design considerations come with very specific challenges that can t be addressed with just
More informationThis presentation. Basements: New & Retrofit. Basements Part of the Enclosure. Basements are Changing. Basement functions Basement Performance
This presentation John Straube, Ph.D., P.Eng Basements: New & Retrofit Energy Efficient, Durable, Healthy Building Science Corporation presented by www.buildingscience.com Basement functions Basement Performance
More informationBuilding America Special Research Project: High-R Walls Case Study Analysis
building science.com 2009 Building Science Press All rights of reproducti on in any form reserved. Building America Special Research Project: High-R Walls Case Study Analysis Building America Report -
More informationIntegrated Air & Water Barrier Systems
Integrated Air & Water Barrier Systems Presented by [ Jeff Presenter s Key, Georgia-Pacific Name ] Wood Products AIA Course: GP-FF-WRBAB Credit Designation: LU HSW Please add relevant logo here Disclaimer:
More informationFlexible Vapor Control Solves Moisture Problems of Building Assemblies - Smart Retarder to Replace the Conventional PE-Film
Flexible Vapor Control Solves Moisture Problems of Building Assemblies - Smart Retarder to Replace the Conventional PE-Film HARTWIG M. KÜNZEL Fraunhofer-Institute of Building Physics (Director: Prof. Dr.-Ing.
More informationBest Practice Recommendations for Wall Retrofit on the Two-Story Flexible Research Platform (FRP) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL).
Best Practice Recommendations for Wall Retrofit on the Two-Story Flexible Research Platform (FRP) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Wall retrofit strategies for retrofit on the interior side of
More informationInsulating Exterior Assemblies : Batt, Blown / Spray, Board and Beyond
Insulating Exterior Assemblies : Batt, Blown / Spray, Board and Beyond Batt Fiberglass Mineral Wool Cotton Wool Blown, Sprayed Fiberglass Spray Foam Cellulose Wool Board Polystyrene (XPS, EPS) Polyisocyanurate
More informationSpray Polyurethane Foam: The Need for Vapor Retarders in Above-Grade Residential Walls
building science.com 2009 Building Science Press All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. Spray Polyurethane Foam: The Need for Vapor Retarders in Above-Grade Residential Walls Research Report
More informationMoisture Considerations for Insulated Building Assemblies
PHRC Webinar Series Tuesday, November 10, 2015 @ 1pm Description Moisture Considerations for Insulated Building Assemblies Brian Wolfgang Housing Systems Specialist One critical design consideration in
More informationThermal Bridging in Residential Construction
PHRC Webinar Series Tuesday, May 12, 2015 @ 1pm Thermal Bridging in Residential Construction Brian Wolfgang Housing Systems Specialist Pennsylvania Housing Research Center 219 Sackett Building University
More informationInsulations, Sheathings and Vapor Retarders
building science.com 2006 Building Science Press All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. Insulations, Sheathings and Vapor Retarders Research Report - 0412 November-2004 Joseph Lstiburek Abstract:
More informationThe Role of Control Layers in Building Enclosure Design
The Role of Control Layers in Building Enclosure Design COLIN SHANE M.ENG., P.ENG. ASSOCIATE, SENIOR PROJECT MANAGER OCTOBER 13, 2016 Disclaimer: This presentation was developed by a third party and is
More informationVapour Diffusion for Residential Construction. Canada and Northern USA VAPOUR DIFFUSION FOR RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION CANADA AND NORTHERN USA
VAPOUR DIFFUSION FOR RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION CANADA AND NORTHERN USA Vapour Diffusion for Residential Construction Canada and Northern USA Brookfield Homes, Niagara, Ontario VAPOUR DIFFUSION FOR RESIDENTIAL
More informationExperimental Assessment of Hygrothermal Performance of Wood Frame Wall System in Suzhou's Lake Tai Climate Zone
Experimental Assessment of Hygrothermal Performance of Wood Frame Wall System in Suzhou's Lake Tai Climate Zone Xiaohuan Wang, a Benhua Fei, b, * and Jun Ni c A long-term onsite assessment of the hygrothermal
More informationVapor Barriers and Air Barriers
Vapor Barriers and Air Barriers By: John Straube The single most common building science question I get from builders, engineers, code officials and architects is "Do I need a vapor barrier?". The queries
More informationSealing the Envelope with SPF Insulation
solutions for the construction industry august 2012 Sealing the Envelope with SPF Insulation by Jim Lambach Photo Fransyl. Photo courtesy Bayer MaterialScience LLC In a time of ever-rising energy costs
More informationThe Disclaimer located on the reverse side of the title page of the OAA Rain Penetration Practice Guide applies to each section of the Guide.
Note: This document has been divided into several sections in order to suit the limitations of the website. The Disclaimer located on the reverse side of the title page of the OAA Rain Penetration Practice
More information2006 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY CONSERVATION CODE
2006 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY CONSERVATION CODE DOCUMENTATION Code Change No: EC28-06/07 Original Proposal Sections: IECC: 202, 402.5, 402.5.1 (New), Table 402.5.1 (New), 402.5.2 (New), 402.5.3 (New), 402.2.8,
More informationSenior Design Project for UNO. Design of the International Studies Building: An Environmental Analysis
Senior Design Project for UNO Design of the International Studies Building: An Environmental Analysis Design Intent Implement Passive & Active design strategies in order to make the building: More Energy
More informationAirspace R-Values. Educational Overview. Revised 12/6/2016
Airspace R-Values Educational Overview Revised 12/6/2016 Introduction Airspaces contained within building envelope assemblies are known to contribute to thermal performance. But, the actual R-value for
More informationThe Influence of Low- Permeance Vapor Barriers on Roof and Wall Performance
building science.com 2011 Building Science Press All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. The Influence of Low- Permeance Vapor Barriers on Roof and Wall Performance Conference Paper - 1101 25
More informationAir Infiltration & Insulation
Control of Air Flow as Part of Thermal Insulation Manufacturer s Instructions to Achieve Energy Efficiency of Any Building Address the role of insulation in a home Today s Presentation Review common types
More informationInsight. New Light in Crawlspaces. By Joseph W. Lstiburek, Ph.D., P.Eng., Fellow ASHRAE
Insight New Light in Crawlspaces An edited version of this Insight first appeared in the ASHRAE Journal. By Joseph W. Lstiburek, Ph.D., P.Eng., Fellow ASHRAE Crawlspaces stink, they rot, and are just plain
More informationBetter Buildings. Performance. Fundamentals. The Rules
Fundamental Goals Dr John Straube, P.Eng. Principal, Building Science Corporation Associate Professor, University of Waterloo Better Buildings Fundamentals Safe Healthy Comfortable Durable Affordable Environmentally
More informationBuilding Enclosure Commissioning: Who, What, When, Why, and How?
Building Bridges to Net Zero Building Enclosure Commissioning: Who, What, When, Why, and How? Thomas J. McMullan III, PE Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. Associate Principal Philadelphia, PA 1 Learning
More informationUsing Thermal Modeling to Evaluate Cladding Support Systems
Evaluate Cladding Jonathan Baron, AIA BEC Boston February 25, 2013 BEC Thermal Bridging Series January available products Knight Wall Systems Cladding Corp. Exo tec February evaluating products March reducing
More informationContinuous Insulation Systems for Exterior Walls
Continuous Insulation Systems for Exterior Walls High performance through sprayed-in-place foam insulation www.icynene.com Program Registration Icynene Inc. is a registered provider with The American Institute
More information1 Exam Prep Prov Module: Thermal and Moisture Protection Questions and Answers
1 Exam Prep Prov Module: 27203-13 Thermal and Moisture Protection Questions and Answers 1. The R-value is a measure of the ability of a material to. A. Resist the passage of moisture B. Resist heat conduction
More informationVancouver Field Exposure Facility: Phase IV Construction and Instrumentation Report
building science.com 2013 Building Science Press All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. Vancouver Field Exposure Facility: Phase IV Construction and Instrumentation Report Research Report - 1305
More information2015 IECC Whole Building Air Leakage Compliance
2015 IECC Whole Building Air Leakage Compliance Presented by: Jeffrey Crowe, PE Project Manager www.becx.com www.pieglobal.com September 2012 Learning Objectives Understand 2015 International Energy Code
More informationThe Role of Control Layers in Building Enclosure Design
The Role of Control Layers in Building Enclosure Design COLIN SHANE M.ENG., P.ENG., P.E. ASSOCIATE, SENIOR PROJECT MANAGER RDH BUILDING SCIENCE INC. SEPTEMBER 14, 2016 Disclaimer: This presentation was
More informationIntegrated Wall Retrofit Solutions for Existing Masonry Construction for Commercial Buildings
Integrated Wall Retrofit Solutions for Existing Masonry Construction for Commercial Buildings Andre Desjarlais, Amy Wylie and Mugdha Mokashi. Sixty percent of existing commercial buildings in the U.S were
More informationThroughout the balance of this paper the terms attic and roof will and can be used interchangeably.
Understanding Attic Ventilation Attics or roofs can be designed and constructed to be either vented or unvented in any hygro-thermal zone (Map 1). The choice of venting or not venting is a design and construction
More informationBuilding Science for Architects. Introduction. Betsy Pettit, AIA Building Science Corporation
Building Science for Architects Introduction Betsy Pettit, AIA www.buildingscience.com PR-0510a: BuildBoston 2005 Building Science for Architects Introduction Page 1 of 24 Why Do Architects Need to Understand
More informationENERGY PERFORMANCE R-VALUE: PART 2, EXAMPLES OF INTEGRATED METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATION OF ENERGY EQUIVALENT R-VALUE FOR BUILDING ENCLOSURES;
ENERGY PERFORMANCE R-VALUE: PART 2, EXAMPLES OF INTEGRATED METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATION OF ENERGY EQUIVALENT R-VALUE FOR BUILDING ENCLOSURES; Part 2: Examples of application to residential walls Thomas Thorsell
More informationNEXT GENERATION HIGH PERFORMANCE WALLS
CONSTRUCTION GUIDE NEXT GENERATION HIGH PERFORMANCE WALLS CLIMATE ZONES 3-5 PART 2: 2X4 Walls with 1" 1.5" Exterior Insulative Sheathing V. Kochkin and J. Wiehagen Home Innovation Research Labs June 2017
More informationMOISTURE CONDITIONS IN WALLS AND CEILINGS OF A SIMULATED OLDER HOME DURING WINTER
MOISTURE CONDITIONS IN WALLS AND CEILINGS OF A SIMULATED OLDER HOME DURING WINTER USDA FOREST SERVICE RESEARCH PAPER FPL 290 1977 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY
More informationExterior Building Materials & Detailing
Exterior Building Materials & Detailing Marquam George Marquam George LLC Juneau, Alaska marquamgeorge@gmail.com Barriers to? V.1950 Air only Vapor only Water only Air & Water 1 V.1990 V.2005 Detailing
More informationSpray Polyurethane Foam. Insulation and Air Barrier Requirements of the 2012 I-Codes. Spray Foam Coalition
Spray Polyurethane Foam Design Guidance Insulation and Air Barrier Requirements of the 2012 I-Codes Spray Foam Coalition about the collaboration the center for the polyurathanes industry (CPI) of the
More informationInside Why Spray polyurethane Foam insulation? All About Spray polyurethane Foam Book 1
Foam Book Inside Why Spray polyurethane Foam insulation? All About Spray polyurethane Foam Book 1 SUSTAIN THROUGH KNOWLEDGE Book 1: Why Spray Polyurethane Foam Insulation Book 2: SPF & Thermal Barrier
More informationWhen R-Value Doesn t Measure Up
C. J. Schumacher B.Tech (Arch.Sci.), B.A.Sc.(Civ.Eng.), M.A.Sc.(Bldg.Sci.) When R-Value Doesn t Measure Up NESEA Building Energy10 Outline Why R-Values? Heat, Temperature & Heat Flow Insulating Materials
More informationBuilding Enclosure Details and Assemblies for Wood-Frame Buildings
Building Enclosure Details and Assemblies for Wood-Frame Buildings COLIN SHANE M.ENG., P.ENG. ASSOCIATE, SENIOR PROJECT MANAGER RDH BUILDING SCIENCES INC. NOVEMBER 19, 2015 Disclaimer: This presentation
More informationRainscreen Gaps in Exterior Walls
PHRC Webinar Series Tuesday, September 13 @ 1pm Rainscreen Gaps in Exterior Walls Brian Wolfgang Housing Systems Specialist Pennsylvania Housing Research Center 219 Sackett Building University Park, PA
More informationAir Infiltration & the Knauf Insulation EcoSeal
White Paper BI-WP-04 10-12 Air Infiltration & the Knauf Insulation EcoSeal System EcoSeal & Knauf Insulation Glasswool Products AN WHITE PAPER THE IMPACT OF OTHER BUILDING ELEMENTS ON AIR INFILTRATION
More information2006 Building Science Press All rights of reproduction in any form reserved.
building science.com 2006 Building Science Press All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. Building Science Digest 102 Understanding Attic Ventilation 2006-10-26 by Joseph Lstiburek Abstract: Attics
More informationImprove Energy Efficiency and Air Sealing in Above-Grade Walls
Improve Energy Efficiency and Air Sealing in Above-Grade Walls United States. Residential Energy Efficiency Ranks Highest Second only to the mortgage, a family s home heating and cooling payments represent
More informationBuilding Enclosure Performance for Existing and New Buildings
Building Enclosure Performance for Existing and New Buildings 2015 HESNI Annual Conference Rick Ziegler, PE Industry Construction Defect Claims Building Envelope - 70% Plumbing - 12% Freezing - 4% Fire
More informationZack LeRoy Panel Pros Inc., Keene, NH (800)
Introductions Moderator Zack LeRoy Panel Pros Inc., Keene, NH zack@panelpros.com (800) 721-7075 Introductions Engineering for SIPs Paul Malko Foard Panel, Inc., West Chesterfield, NH paul@foardpanel.com
More informationUnited States Army Corp of Engineers Requirements for Air Barrier Systems in Buildings
United States Army Corp of Engineers Requirements for Air Barrier Systems in Buildings Timothy R. Posey, MBC, Scott W. Kramer, Ph.D. and Mark C. Tatum, P.E. Auburn University Auburn, Alabama This study
More informationSlab edge insulation is one of
How to Properly Insulate a Slab Presented by: Mike Turns, Associate Director, PHRC Tuesday, April 10, 2012 1:00 PM www.enrg.psu.edu/phrc 4 Slab edge insulation is one of the most abused details in construction.
More informationPERFORMANCE OF SIDE-BY-SIDE SOUTH TEXAS HOMES Isolating the Contribution of Spray Polyurethane Foam Insulation
PERFORMANCE OF SIDE-BY-SIDE SOUTH TEXAS HOMES Isolating the Contribution of Spray Polyurethane Foam Insulation INTRODUCTION As the use of spray polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation is increasing in both
More informationBackground Basement Thermal Behavior
Kohta Ueno Basement Insulation: What to Do & What Not to Do March 29, 2012 Background Basement Thermal Behavior Basement Insulation: What to Do & What Not to Do 2 Basement/Foundation Energy Use Basement
More informationThe REMOTE Wall System
The REMOTE Wall System Robert Maxwell Alaska Energy Associates October 25 INTRODUCTION Modified PERSIST Residential Construction PERSIST stands for the Pressure Equalized Rain Screen Insulated Structure
More informationCalifornia Building Envelope Solutions
California Building Envelope Solutions Attics & Walls October 2017 What s New in 2016 Title 24 Attics High Performance Attic New prescriptive requirements Roof deck insulation in many CZs Walls High Performance
More informationAdvanced technologies for enhancing the building envelope. 3M Building and Construction Market
Advanced technologies for enhancing the building envelope 3M Building and Construction Market Controlling air is crucial for the health & energy efficiency of buildings Ensuring you have the right air
More informationThe Building Envelope Solution. Mike Lowery A&D Products, LLC
The Building Envelope Solution Mike Lowery A&D Products, LLC Provider # K031 Course # CCM121 The industries ONLY single-source material performance and tie-in warranty for all 6 sides of your building!
More informationMichigan Energy Code Training and Implementation Program
Michigan Energy Code Training and Implementation Program 1.0 Hour Advanced Program Course Number 16202 Residential Energy Plan Review School of Planning, Design & Construction Michigan State University
More informationAvoiding Air Barrier Pitfalls When sub-trade activities are not in sync with air barrier requirements, installation can go poorly.
48 D+D NOVEMBER 2013 Building Envelope Avoiding Air Barrier Pitfalls When sub-trade activities are not in sync with air barrier requirements, installation can go poorly. By Brian H. Neely, AIA, CDT, CBST,
More information(Project Location) (your firm's name)
SECTION 07 21 00 THERMAL INSULATION PART 1 GENERAL 1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including the Conditions of the Contract and Division 01 Specification Sections
More informationIntegrated Solutions for Every Insulation Need. Complete Comfort
Integrated Solutions for Every Need Complete Comfort Create a More Comfortable Home Your insulation choice impacts thermal performance as well as moisture management, air tightness and acoustics. It s
More informationFlood and Hurricane Resistant Buildings by Joseph Lstiburek
building science.com 2006 Building Science Press All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. Building Science Digest 111 Flood and Hurricane Resistant Buildings 2006-10-26 by Joseph Lstiburek Abstract:
More informationINSULATION OWENS CORNING INSULATION PRODUCTS IN THIS SECTION:
OWENS CORNING PRODUCTS What exactly is an insulating system? The answer starts with the role insulation plays in your home. All insulating products are based on a single basic principle: heat moves from
More informationSix Proven Ways to Build. Walls
Six Proven Ways to Build Energy-Smart Whether you build new homes or remodel, these alternative framing techniques will allow you to reach R-40 or better Walls by Bruce Coldham 2-in. sheathing Fiberglass
More informationAdapted vapour control for durable building enclosures
10DBMC International Conference On Durability of Building Materials and Components Adapted vapour control for durable building enclosures H.M. Künzel Fraunhofer-Institut für Bauphysik Fraunhoferstr. 10,
More informationBuilding a Better Wall [Support from DOE Building America Program] EEBA: High Performance Home Summit October 10, 2017
Building a Better Wall [Support from DOE Building America Program] EEBA: High Performance Home Summit October 10, 2017 Patrick H. Huelman University of Minnesota & NorthernSTAR Patricia K. Gunderson Home
More informationNet Zero Building Enclosure Retrofits for Houses: An Analysis of Retrofit Strategies
Net Zero Building Enclosure Retrofits for Houses: An Analysis of Retrofit Strategies Graham Finch, PEng Associate Member ASHRAE Brittany Hanam, PEng, BEMP Associate Member ASHRAE, Building Energy Modeling
More informationArmourwall Stucco Systems
Armourwall Stucco Systems Armourwall Stucco Systems Provide THE PAREX ADVANTAGE The Parex tradition of leadership in the building industry began in 1986 with a commitment to growth based on unparalleled
More informationUnited States R E S I D E N T I A L. The Value of Residing With STYROFOAM Brand XPS Insulation
United States R E S I D E N T I A L The Value of Residing With STYROFOAM Brand XPS Insulation 2 resists moisture Residing is a great opportunity to increase a home s value with a fresh, new look. It s
More informationThermasheath -3. Insulation for the Building Envelope ROOF WALL SPECIALTY
Insulation for the Building Envelope ROOF WALL SPECIALTY PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Rmax Thermasheath-3 is an energy-efficient thermal insulation board composed of a closed-cell polyisocyanurate (polyiso) foam
More informationInsulation Retrofit Options
Overview Peter Baker Exterior Insulation: Strategies and Cladding Attachment Building Insulation Retrofit Strategies Exterior Insulation Approaches Insulation and Separate Cladding Exterior Insulation
More informationInsulating Basements: Part 1 Fundamentals
The Pennsylvania Housing Research Center Insulating Basements: Part 1 Fundamentals Builder Brief: BB0510 Brian Wolfgang, PHRC Fellow INTRODUCTION The perception of a basement has changed significantly
More informationEnergy equivalent R-value
Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Energy equivalent R-value Part 1: Integrated evaluation methodology for BE Mark Bomberg and Thomas Thorsell,, Syracuse University, Outline Objective: measure simultaneously
More information2001 National Workshop on State Building Energy Codes July th, 2001 Burlington, Vermont
2001 National Workshop on State Building Energy Codes July 16-19 th, 2001 Burlington, Vermont A Systems Engineering Approach to the Design of Energy and Resource Efficient Homes Presented By: Mark LaLiberte
More informationParex Continuous Insulation (CI)
Parex Continuous Insulation (CI) About Parex Parex is North America s leading brand in Continuous Insulation (CI). As a pillar in the industry, Parex has been instrumental in contributing to the advancement
More informationImprove Energy Efficiency and Moisture Performance of Foundations
Improve Energy Efficiency and Moisture Performance of Foundations United States. Residential Build Value and Performance into Your Home Homes have one thing in common: Their foundations must come in contact
More informationNFPA 285 Compliant Wall Systems and Assemblies
NFPA 285 Compliant Wall Systems and Assemblies 2 Solutions for Non-combustible Construction Creating non-combustible exterior wall assemblies has become increasingly challenging as building design has
More informationEnergy Efficiency: Designing Wood-Frame Buildings for Occupant Comfort
Please add relevant logo here Energy Efficiency: Designing Wood-Frame Buildings for Occupant Comfort Presented by: Peter J. Arsenault, FAIA, NCARB, LEED-AP Disclaimer: This presentation was developed by
More informationOverview. Insulating Load-Bearing Masonry Buildings. Mass Walls (Rain Control) Inside or Outside Insulation? 11/17/2017
Kohta Ueno November 16, 2017 Insulating Load-Bearing Masonry Buildings Overview Insulating Load-bearing Masonry Buildings 2 Mass Walls (Rain Control) Moisture is absorbed/safely stored during rain Moisture
More informationWHAT IS A PERM RATING? QUALITY OF DATA A SAMPLE CALCULATION EFFECT OF MATERIAL THICKNESS ALASKAN VAPOR BARRIERS EEM-00259
EEM-00259 UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS Permeability of Common Building Material to Water Vapor WHAT IS A PERM RATING? If a material has a perm rating of 1.0, 1 grain of
More informationLearning Objectives. Introduction to Building Science. Copyright Materials. March 8, 2011
Building Science Corporation is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records
More informationMOISTURE PERFORMANCE OF WALLS IN ENERGY EFFICIENT HOMES
MOISTURE PERFORMANCE OF WALLS IN ENERGY EFFICIENT HOMES Prepared For NAHB Construction Technology Research Subcommittee (CTRSC) August 14 Report No. 5932.1_81414 4 Prince George s Blvd. Upper Marlboro,
More informationFUNNY STORY 3/3/2017. Moving Towards Robust, High-Performance Homes: Control Layers and the Building Enclosure
High-Performance Enclosures: Principles and Best Practices Better Buildings; Better Business March 2, 2017 Wisconsin Dells, WI Pat Huelman Cold Climate Housing Coordinator University of Minnesota Extension
More informationCSI Boston Technical Paper No. 1: Specifying Air Barriers Air Barriers
CSI Boston Technical Paper No. 1: Specifying Air Barriers 07 27 00 - Air Barriers CSI BOSTON TECHNICAL PAPER NO. 1: SPECIFYING AIR BARRIERS JULY 2014 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Click on any heading below to be
More informationProGUARD DP The Game-changing Wall System
ProGUARD DP The Game-changing Wall System Arriscraft ARRIS-stack over ProGUARD DP Insulated Cement Board Panels, using Laticrete MVIS materials. PROGUARD DP INSULATED CONCRETE BOARD, manufactured by T.
More informationDallas BEC Understanding Hygrothermal Modeling October 11, 2012 WUFI. hygrothermal simulation software
WUFI hygrothermal simulation software christine cronin; wiss, janney, elstner associates; www.wje.com Cronin buildingscience.com 1 of 17 importance of hygrothermal analysis 1. Increasingly complex assemblies
More informationFULLBACK V PREMIUM SIDING INSULATION FOR VINYL
FULLBACK V PREMIUM SIDING INSULATION FOR VINYL FULLBACK V PREMIUM SIDING INSULATION THE RIGHT WAY TO INSTALL NEW SIDING Congratulations on your interest in having new vinyl siding installed on your home!
More informationHow do you install yours?
How do you install yours? Darrell Paul Qualistat Building Performance Consultants CSA 440 Just about adding Peel & Stick? 1 Window and door problems Photos / videos Video available for viewing at INSTAGRAM
More informationEnergy Conservation & Building Envelope. Objectives. Introduction. Determine the Building Envelope of a House Calculate Heat Loss of a Building
Energy Conservation & Building Envelope Objectives Determine the Building Envelope of a House Calculate Heat Loss of a Building Introduction Let me first define what green should be focused on if I was
More informationResidential Design with Structural Insulated Panels
Sponsor Structural Insulated Panel Association (SIPA) P.O. Box 39848 Fort Lauderdale, FL 33339 Phone: 253 858 7472 Residential Design with Structural Insulated Panels Provider: Structural Insulated Panel
More information