ArmourWall T2B Construction PRODUCT BROCHURE. ArmourWall T2B SHEET PILE TECHNOLOGY

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1 PRODUCT BROCHURE ArmourWall T2B SHEET PILE TECHNOLOGY

2 What Is Top To Bottom Construction If we consider that bottom-up is the conventional way that a structure is built, then as the name suggests, top-bottom construction will build the top portion first, normally the ground floor slab (thus allowing the superstructure to commence), whilst at the same time constructing downwards floor by floor until the lowest basement level is reached. However, it may also be considered where lateral support, tieback installation or ground anchors to a basement s perimeter structure is restricted or in a situation where ground movement must be reduced to an absolute minimum.

3 . Permanent Sheet Pile Basement Wall Today sheet piles are used frequently in the construction of underground car parks and basements. Manufacturers are designing and installing a variety of sheet pile retaining walls according to the ground conditions and individual project requirements. Sheet pile walls can either be used in a temporary or permanent works application. When composite sheet piles are used in permanent works, they produce a high quality finished face which eliminates the need to build a concrete facing wall in front of the sheet piles. Sheet piles have been widely used in the construction of multiple underground car parks located within the basement structures and they have proved to be extremely efficient and cost effective. Sheet pile walls when used as permanent structural elements in the construction of car parks or roads play multiple roles. A sheet pile wall : Provides watertight containment for the excavation pit Serves as the permanent outer structural wall Serves as a retaining wall especially during the excavation phase in order to support the horizontal pressures better. Sheet pile applications provide a number of benefits. Sheet pile walls can: Maximise the available space, a highly needed feature especially in the urban centres Shortens the overall construction time Reduces the total cost of the project or building being constructed. Sheet pile application does not require a lot of time nor space for installation. Apart from providing water tightness during the excavation phase, sheet pile walls can also carry horizontal loads from earth pressures. ArmourWalls T2B underground car park sheet piles are an extremely constructive component, shaped in a way that provides suitable depth below the floor of the excavation. Due to their exceptional benefits and help in rapid construction of the site, sheet piles today are used around the world in the construction of ports and harbours, bridge abutments, road widening retaining walls, flood defence system and river control structures.

4 T2B SHEET PILE TECHNOLOGY ArmourWall T2B Sheet Pile Technology is a fibreglass reinforced polymer (frp) formwork duel-locking piling system that provides load-bearing structural wall solutions. When filled with reinforced concrete, the T2B Sheet Piling system provides a waterproof, strong durable alternative for diaphragm, slurry and secant pile barrier walls for civil, commercial and residential applications. The T2B system serves as both the supportive excavation and bracing wall and it becomes the permanent wall for under ground structures. STRAIGHT AWAY THERE IS IMMEDIATE COST SAVINGS (ONE WALL INSTEAD OF TWO) BRACING WALL PERMANENT WALL Providing Leadership in T2B Technology So Why Top-Bottom? ArmourWall s T2B system product line was developed based on what developers, contractors, engineers and end users values. The key motive for the use of top-bottom construction is that the overall construction period of the whole development is shortened - given that above ground construction can get started without having to wait for the completion of the basement underneath. Contractors find the overall project construction period shorter and developers can take possession of their premises earlier.

5 Construction Methodology The construction begins with the basement retaining wall and foundation piles. Next are the topmost horizontal structural elements of basement box, normally in the form of beam and slab, which also act as lateral supports to the basement retaining wall. Before starting basement excavation, basement columns (typically steel stanchions, often referred to king posts ) are to be installed, usually by pre-erecting them on top of the pile head inside the pile shaft during the pile construction. These columns provide structural support to the horizontal elements already cast and allow the soil underneath to be removed without the need for temporary propping. Work above the top slab can also start once the basement excavation begins. When excavation below the top slab is deep enough, the second top slab and beam can then be constructed, and so the cycle repeats. Given the very restricted nature of the excavation works due to the presence of a slab above, the whole process of basement excavation is actually slower than would be the case if conventional excavation were being used. Top / Bottom construction 1. Removes the excavation sequence from the critical path 2. Eliminates shoring support to the perimeter walls 3. Shortened construction period due to simultaneous construction of the basement and the superstructure 4. Simplifies build and reduces costs 5. The higher stiffness of floor slab compare to steel struts improves the safety of excavation

6 AmourWall T2B Sheet Pile Pile Construction ArmourWall Composite Pile profiles are pultruded products manufactured with electrical grade fiberglass and high impact, high strength polyurethane resin. The combination of the advanced resin and high strength glass produces a superior strength, highly corrosion resistant pile. WHAT IS PULTRUSION? Pultrusion is a continuous manufacturing process utilised to make composite profiles with constant cross-sections whereby reinforcements, in the form of roving and mats, are saturated with resin and guided into a heated die. The resin undergoes a curing process known as polymerization. The once resin saturated reinforcements exit the die in a solid state and in the form of the cross section of the die. The pultrusion process requires little labor and is ideal for mass production of constant cross section profiles.

7 ADVANCED UV PROTECTION UV rays and heat from solar radiation degrade the molecular structure of most materials. The extent of degradation ranges from mere fading to reduction in strength. Additives in the form of ultraviolet light absorbers and inhibitors greatly increase the performance in long term sunlight exposure. Polyester synthetic veils are applied to the ArmourWall in order to encapsulate the E-glass fibers and provide a resin rich surface. Results have shown that UV degradation does not affect the modulus of elasticity. Fading of the polymerized resin will occur at various rates over time. Typically, within three years the gloss is eliminated and a visual whitening or yellowing can be observed on the surface. In general, the amount of sunlight and intensity will depend on the geographical location. Therefore, the rate at which composite materials will lighten is variable. The ArmourWall system utilises the most advanced resin technology and pigmentation to ensure the best possible aesthetics over time. ArmourWalls composite sheet piles are shipped standard with two layers of Ultra Violet (UV) protection. First, CPI adds UV light absorbers to each sheet pile. The UV light absorbers are mixed into the thermoset resin, prior to production, and function as long term thermal and light stability promoters. Second, the composite sheet piles are encompassed with a 10 mil polyester surfacing veil. The 10 mil veil creates a resin rich surface and protects the glass reinforcements from fiber blooming. FIBERGLASS REINFORCEMENTS All composite sheet piles are manufactured with electrical grade E-glass reinforcements in the form of unidirectional roving, Continuous Filament Mat (CFM) and stitched fabric mats. The combination of fiber reinforcements has been engineered for optimal bending strength, as well as superior stiffness. All E-glass reinforcements meet a minimum tensile strength of 290 ksi per ASTM D2343 RESIN/MATRIX The piles are pultruded with high performance thermoset resins. The H and O piles are manufactured standard with SUPURTUFTM Polyurethane resin. Polyurethane resins provide optimal strength, toughness and impact resistance. When it comes to high strength, toughness, abrasion and impact properties, nothing outperforms SUPURTUF Polyurethane.

8 PILE TESTING ArmourWall has undergone extensive testing at Monash Universities Department of Civil Engineering, Victoria and in the field. Tests that have been conducted: full section to failure, connection, compression, Pile Dynamic Analysis (PDA) and fatigue.

9 T2B Sheet Pile System

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