REINFORCED ENGINEERING HANDBOOK CLAY AND CONCRETE MASONRY SEVENTH EDITION. John M. Hochwalt, PE, SE KPFF Consulting Engineers

Transcription

1 REINFORCED MASONRY ENGINEERING HANDBOOK CLAY AND CONCRETE MASONRY SEVENTH EDITION John M. Hochwalt, PE, SE KPFF Consulting Engineers James E. Amrhein Original Author Published by MASONRY INSTITUTE OF AMERICA (800) INTERNATIONAL CODE COUNCIL 500 New Jersey Avenue, NW, 6th Floor Washington, DC (888)

2 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE...xv AUTHORS...xvi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...xviii SYMBOLS AND NOTATIONS...xxiii INTRODUCTION...xxxiii CHAPTER 1 MATERIALS General Masonry Units Clay Masonry Concrete Masonry Mortar General Mortar Materials Types of Mortar Mixing Types of Mortar Joints Grout General Types of Grout Proportions Mixing Slump of Grout Grout Strength Requirements Testing Grout Strength Methods of Grouting Masonry Walls Grout Demonstration Panels Reinforcing Steel General Types of Reinforcement Questions and Problems...29 CHAPTER 2 MASONRY ASSEMBLAGE STRENGTHS AND PROPERTIES General Compression Strength of Masonry Assemblies Verification by Prism Tests Verification by Unit Strength Method Verification by Testing Prisms from Constructed Masonry Selection of f m for Use in Design Selection of Materials to Achieve f m in Construction Flexural Strength of Masonry Assemblies Modulus of Elasticity, E m General Proposed Evaluation of Modulus of Elasticity...41

3 iv REINFORCED MASONRY ENGINEERING HANDBOOK 2.5 Walls of Composite Masonry Materials Fire-Resistant Properties of Masonry Assemblies Sound Transmission Properties of Masonry Assemblies Inspection of Masonry During Construction History of Inspection Requirements Inspection Requirements CodeMasters Questions and Problems...50 CHAPTER 3 LOADS General Load Combinations Allowable Stress Design Load Combinations Strength Design Load Combinations Load Combinations with Seismic Overstrength Factor Dead Loads Live Loads Uniform Floor Loads Uniform Roof Loads Concentrated Loads Other Live Loads Snow Loads Rain Loads Flood Loads Wind Loads Wind Loads on Main Wind Force Resisting Systems Wind Loads for Components and Cladding Wind and Seismic Detailing Examples of Calculation of Wind Pressures Seismic Loads General Base Shear, V Vertical Distribution of Total Seismic Forces Seismic Loads on Structural Elements Questions and Problems...91 CHAPTER 4 DISTRIBUTION AND ANALYSIS FOR LATERAL FORCES General Wall Rigidities Cantilever Pier or Wall Fixed Pier or Wall Combinations of Walls Multi-Story Walls Walls with Joints and Openings Flanged Walls Overturning Overturning of Foundations Overturning on Walls Horizontal Diaphragms Types of Diaphragms Forces on Diaphragms Deflection of Diaphragms and Walls Building Irregularities Drift and Deformation Questions and Problems...127

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS v CHAPTER 5 DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERS BY ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN (ASD) History Flexure General, Flexural Stress Strain Compatibility Derivation of Flexural Formulas Summary and Examples Compression Reinforcement Shear Allowable Shear Masonry Allowable Shear Reinforcement Compression General Combined Flexure and Compression General Methods of Design for Interaction of Axial Load and Moment Development Reinforcing Steel Anchor Bolts Bearing Beams Flexure Shear Deflection Deep Beams Columns General Compression Flexure and Compression Special Topics Walls Compression Out of Plane Loads In Plane Loads Questions and Problems CHAPTER 6 DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERS BY STRENGTH DESIGN (SD) Introduction History Concepts Design Assumptions Strength Reduction Factor, φ Flexure Flexural Behavior Derivation of Flexural Formulas Compression Reinforcement Reinforcement Limits Shear Shear Capacity Masonry Shear Capacity Reinforcement Shear Capacity Limits Shear Reinforcement Limits Compression Combined Flexure and Compression Simplified Approach Sections with Tension Only Reinforcement...238

5 vi REINFORCED MASONRY ENGINEERING HANDBOOK Sections with Confined Compression Reinforcement Interaction Diagrams Development Reinforcing Steel Anchor Bolts Bearing Beams Flexure Shear Deflection Deep Beams Columns General Compression Flexure and Compression Special Topics Walls Compression Out-of-Plane Loads In-Plane Loads Piers Special Topics Wall Frames The Core Method of Design Limit State Questions and Problems CHAPTER 7 DETAILS OF REINFORCEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION Introduction General Requirements Maximum Bar Size Hooks and Laps Placement of Steel Clearances Cover Over Reinforcement Site Tolerances Beams Flexural Reinforcement Shear Reinforcement Requirements in Beams Deep Beams Columns General Projecting Wall Columns or Pilasters Flush Wall Columns Column Tie Requirements Lateral Tie Spacing for Columns Walls Shear Walls Non-Participating Walls Out-of-Plane Walls Questions and Problems CHAPTER 8 BUILDING DETAILS General Connections Wall to Wall Connections Lintel and Bond Beam Connection Wall to Wood Diaphragm Connections...339

6 TABLE OF CONTENTS vii 8.5 Wall to Concrete Diaphragm Connections Wall to Steel Diaphragm Connections Wall Foundation Details CHAPTER 9 SPECIAL TOPICS Movement Joints General Movement Joints for Clay Masonry Structures Movement Joints in Concrete Masonry Structures Caulking Details Waterproofing Masonry Structures General Design Considerations Material Selection Construction Procedures and Application Methods Waterproofing Maintenance of Waterproofing Systems Fire Resistance General International System of Units (SI, System) General Measurement Conversion Factors Questions and Problems CHAPTER 10 FORMULAS FOR REINFORCED MASONRY DESIGN General Allowable Stress Design (ASD) Formulas Table 10.1 Allowable Stress Design (ASD) Equations Table 10.2 Design Formulas Allowable Stress Design Strength Design (SD) Formulas Table 10.3 Strength Design (SD) Equations Table 10.4 Design Formulas Strength Design CHAPTER 11 DESIGN OF ONE-STORY INDUSTRIAL BUILDING Design Criteria: Allowable Stress Design Materials and Allowable Stresses Loads Design of West Masonry Bearing Wall Section 1-1 (Allowable Stress Design) Vertical Loads on Wall Lateral Forces on Wall Vertical Load on Wall at Mid-Height Design Wall for Condition at Mid-Height Section Design of South Masonry Wall Section 2-2 (Strength Design) Slender Wall Design of Lintel Beam South Wall Elevation 3-3 (Allowable Stress Design) Flexural Design Lateral Wind Load on Beam Deep Lintel Beams Design of Flush Wall Pilaster North Wall Section 4-4. Designed as a Wall not a Column (Allowable Stress Design) Loads Bearing Plate Design Wall Pier Design Design of Elevation 5-5 for Vertical and Lateral Loads (Strength Design) Wind and Seismic Forces on Total Building Loads (Allowable Stress Design)...395

7 viii REINFORCED MASONRY ENGINEERING HANDBOOK Ledger Bolt and Ledger Beam Design Distribution of Shear Force in End Walls Design of Shear Reinforcement in Piers 3 and 4 (Strength Design) Questions and Problems CHAPTER 12 DESIGN OF SEVEN STORY MASONRY LOAD BEARING WALL APARTMENT BUILDING General Design Criteria, Elevation and Plan Floor and Roof Systems Structural Wall System Dead and Live Loads on the Masonry Walls Seismic Loading Wind Design Design of Wall j on First Story, Base Level Allowable Stress Design Load Combinations Shear Compression Limit: Equation Tension Limit: Equation Limits on Reinforcement Design of Wall j on First Story, Base Level Strength Design Load Combinations Compression Combined Compression and Flexure Shear Limits on Reinforcement Design of Wall f on First Story, Base Level General Allowable Stress Design Limits on Reinforcement Strength Design Load Combinations Combined Compression and Flexure Flange in Tension Combined Compression and Flexure Flange in Compression Shear Limits on Reinforcement History of Wall j Additional Considerations in the Design of Multi-Story Shear Wall Structures Questions and Problems CHAPTER 13 RETAINING WALLS General Types of Retaining Walls Gravity Walls Counterfort or Buttress Walls Cantilever Retaining Walls Supported Walls Design of Retaining Walls Effect of Corners on Lateral Supporting Capacity of Retaining Walls Preliminary Proportioning of Retaining Walls Retaining Wall Stability Cantilever Retaining Wall Design Example Design Criteria Stem Design Footing Design Questions and Problems...447

8 TABLE OF CONTENTS ix CHAPTER 14 TABLES AND DIAGRAMS ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN TABLES AND DIAGRAMS Table ASD-1a Table ASD-1b Table ASD-2a Table ASD-2b Table ASD-3 Table ASD-4 Table ASD-5a Diagram ASD-5a Table ASD-5b Diagram ASD-5b Table ASD-6 Diagram ASD-6 Table ASD-7a Table ASD-7b Table ASD-7c Table ASD-7d Table ASD-8a Table ASD-8b Table ASD-8c Table ASD-9a Table ASD-9b Table ASD-9c Table ASD-10 Table ASD-22 Table ASD-24a Compressive Strength of Clay Masonry/Unit Strength Method Compressive Strength of Concrete Masonry/Unit Strength Method Clay Masonry f m, E m, n and E v Values Based on the Clay Masonry Unit Strength and the Mortar Type Concrete Masonry f m, E m, n and E v Values Based on the Concrete Masonry Unit Strength and the Mortar Type Maximum Allowable Working Stresses (psi), for Reinforced Solid and Hollow Unit Masonry Allowable Steel Working Stresses, psi Allowable Shear Stress Provided by Masonry, F vm (psi) Allowable Shear Stress Provided by Masonry, F vm (psi) Allowable Shear Stress Provided by Masonry, F vm (psi)/special Reinforced Shear Walls Allowable Shear Stress Provided by Masonry, F vm (psi)/special Reinforced Shear Walls Maximum Allowable Shear Stress in Masonry and Reinforcement, F v,max (psi) Maximum Allowable Shear Stress in Masonry and Reinforcing Steel, F v,max (psi) Allowable Tension B ab (lbs) for Headed and Bent-Bar Anchor Bolts in Clay and Concrete Masonry Based on the Masonry Breakout Strength Allowable Tension B ap (lbs) for Bent-Bar Anchor Bolts in Clay and Concrete Masonry Based on the Masonry Pull-Out Strength Reduction in Masonry Allowable Tension Breakout, Shear Breakout and Shear Pry-Out Force Due to Anchor Spacing and Edge Distance Allowable Tension B as (lbs) for Embedded Headed Anchor Bolts in Clay and Concrete Masonry Based on A307 Anchor Bolts Allowable Shear B vb (lbs) for Headed and Bent-Bar Anchor Bolts in Clay and Concrete Masonry Based on the Masonry Breakout Strength Allowable Shear B vpry (lbs) for Headed and Bent-Bar Anchor Bolts in Clay and Concrete Masonry Based on the Masonry Pryout Strength Allowable Shear B vc (lbs) for Embedded Anchor Bolts in Clay and Concrete Masonry Based on the Masonry Crushing Strength and Strength of ASTM A307 Anchor Bolt Material Allowable Axial Wall Compressive Stresses F a = 0.25 f m R (psi) and R = [1 - (h/140r) 2 ] Allowable Axial Wall Compressive Stresses F a = 0.25 f m R (psi) and R = [1 - (h/140r) 2 ] Allowable Axial Wall Compressive Stresses F a = 0.25 f m R (psi) and R = (70r/h) Allowable Flexural Tension of Clay and Concrete Masonry (psi) Standard Reinforcement Bends and Hooks Flexural Design Coefficients for Allowable Stresses (Clay Masonry) for f m = 1500 psi, f y = 60,000 psi and n = Diagram ASD-24a K f Versus ρ for Various Masonry and Steel Stresses, Clay Masonry, f m = 1500 psi, n = Table ASD-24b Flexural Design Coefficients for Allowable Stresses (Concrete Masonry) for f m = 1500 psi, f y = 60,000 psi and n = Diagram ASD-24b K f Versus ρ for Various Masonry and Steel Stresses, Concrete Masonry, f m = 1500 psi, n = Table ASD-25a Flexural Design Coefficients for Allowable Stresses (Clay Masonry) for f m = 2000 psi, f y = 60,000 psi and n =

9 x REINFORCED MASONRY ENGINEERING HANDBOOK Diagram ASD-25a K f Versus ρ for Various Masonry and Steel Stresses, Clay Masonry, f m = 2000 psi, n = Table ASD-25b Flexural Design Coefficients for Allowable Stresses (Concrete Masonry) for f m = 2000 psi, f y = 60,000 psi and n = Diagram ASD-25b K f Versus ρ for Various Masonry and Steel Stresses, Concrete Masonry, f m = 2000 psi, n = Table ASD-26a Flexural Design Coefficients for Allowable Stresses (Clay Masonry) for f m = 2500 psi, f y = 60,000 psi and n = Diagram ASD-26a K f Versus ρ for Various Masonry and Steel Stresses, Clay Masonry, f m = 2500 psi, n = Table ASD-26b Flexural Design Coefficients for Allowable Stresses (Concrete Masonry) for f m = 2500 psi, f y = 60,000 psi and n = Diagram ASD-26b K f Versus ρ for Various Masonry and Steel Stresses, Concrete Masonry, f m = 2500 psi, n = Table ASD-27a Flexural Design Coefficients for Allowable Stresses (Clay Masonry) for f m = 3000 psi, f y = 60,000 psi and n = Diagram ASD-27a K f Versus ρ for Various Masonry and Steel Stresses, Clay Masonry, f m = 3000 psi, n = Table ASD-27b Flexural Design Coefficients for Allowable Stresses (Concrete Masonry) for f m = 3000 psi, f y = 60,000 psi and n = Diagram ASD-27b K f Versus ρ for Various Masonry and Steel Stresses, Concrete Masonry, f m = 3000 psi, n = Table ASD-28a Flexural Design Coefficients for Allowable Stresses (Clay Masonry) for f m = 3500 psi, f y = 60,000 psi and n = Diagram ASD-28a K f Versus ρ for Various Masonry and Steel Stresses, Clay Masonry, f m = 3500 psi, n = Table ASD-28b Flexural Design Coefficients for Allowable Stresses (Concrete Masonry) for f m = 3500 psi, f y = 60,000 psi and n = Diagram ASD-28b K f Versus ρ for Various Masonry and Steel Stresses, Concrete Masonry, f m = 3500 psi, n = Table ASD-29a Flexural Design Coefficients for Allowable Stresses (Clay Masonry) for f m = 4000 psi, f y = 60,000 psi and n = Diagram ASD-29a K f Versus ρ for Various Masonry and Steel Stresses, Clay Masonry, f m = 4000 psi, n = Table ASD-29b Flexural Design Coefficients for Allowable Stresses (Concrete Masonry) for f m = 4000 psi, f y = 60,000 psi and n = Diagram ASD-29b K f Versus ρ for Various Masonry and Steel Stresses, Concrete Masonry, f m = 4000 psi, n = Diagram ASD-34 K f Versus nρ for Various Masonry and Stresses f b Table ASD-34a Flexural Coefficients Based on nρ Values Table ASD-34b Table ASD-36 Table ASD-37 Table ASD-38 Table ASD-39 Table ASD-40 Flexural Coefficients Based on nρ Values Moment Capacity of Walls and Beams for Balanced Design Conditions for f m = 1500 psi and f y = 60,000 psi Moment Capacity of Walls and Beams for Balanced Design Conditions for f m = 2000 psi and f y = 60,000 psi Moment Capacity of Walls and Beams for Balanced Design Conditions for f m = 2500 psi and f y = 60,000 psi Moment Capacity of Walls and Beams for Balanced Design Conditions for f m = 3000 psi and f y = 60,000 psi Moment Capacity of Walls and Beams for Balanced Design Conditions for f m = 3500 psi and f y = 60,000 psi...499

10 TABLE OF CONTENTS xi Table ASD-41 Table ASD-46a Table ASD-46b Table ASD-47a Table ASD-47b Table ASD-48a Table ASD-48b Table ASD-56 Diagram ASD-56 Table ASD-58 Diagram ASD-58 Table ASD-60 Diagram ASD-60 Table ASD-62 Diagram ASD-62 Table ASD-74a Diagram ASD-74a Table ASD-74b Diagram ASD-74b Table ASD-75a Diagram ASD-75a Table ASD-75b Diagram ASD-75b Table ASD-76a Diagram ASD-76a Table ASD-76b Diagram ASD-76b Table ASD-77a Diagram ASD-77a Table ASD-77b Diagram ASD-77b Table ASD-78a Moment Capacity of Walls and Beams for Balanced Design Conditions for f m = 4000 psi and f y = 60,000 psi Moment Capacity (ft k/ft) of Clay Masonry Walls with A s = bt b = 12 and F s = 32,000 psi Moment Capacity (ft k/ft) of Concrete Masonry Walls with A s = bt b = 12 and F s = 32,000 psi Moment Capacity (ft k/ft) of Clay Masonry Walls with A s = bt b = 12 and F s = 32,000 psi Moment Capacity (ft k/ft) of Concrete Masonry Walls with A s = bt b = 12 and F s = 32,000 psi Moment Capacity (ft k/ft) of Clay Masonry Walls with A s = 0.001bt b = 12 and F s = 32,000 psi Moment Capacity (ft k/ft) of Concrete Masonry Walls with A s = 0.001bt b = 12 and F s = 32,000 psi Allowable Shear Stress Resisted by Steel Reinforcement (psi) for Nominal 6 in. Wide Sections with F s = 32,000 psi Spacing of Shear Reinforcement for Nominal 6 in. Wide Sections Allowable Shear Stress Resisted by Steel Reinforcement (psi) for Nominal 8 in. Wide Sections with F s = 32,000 psi Spacing of Shear Reinforcement for Nominal 8 in. Wide Sections Allowable Shear Stress Resisted by Steel Reinforcement (psi) for Nominal 10 in. Wide Sections with F s = 32,000 psi Spacing of Shear Reinforcement for Nominal 10 in. Wide Sections Allowable Shear Stress Resisted by Steel Reinforcement (psi) for Nominal 12 in. Wide Sections with F s = 32,000 psi Spacing of Shear Reinforcement for Nominal 12 in. Wide Sections (Clay Masonry) f m = 1500 psi, F s = 32,000 psi, and n = Steel Ratio ρ and ρ Versus K f for f m = 1500 psi, (Clay Masonry) (Concrete Masonry) f m = 1500 psi, F s = 32,000 psi, and n = Steel Ratio ρ and ρ Versus K f for f m = 1500 psi, (Concrete Masonry) (Clay Masonry) f m = 2000 psi, F s = 32,000 psi, and n = Steel Ratio ρ and ρ Versus K f for f m = 2000 psi, (Clay Masonry) (Concrete Masonry) f m = 2000 psi, F s = 32,000 psi, and n = Steel Ratio ρ and ρ Versus K f for f m = 2000 psi, (Concrete Masonry) (Clay Masonry) f m = 2500 psi, F s = 32,000 psi, and n = Steel Ratio ρ and ρ Versus K f for f m = 2500 psi, (Clay Masonry) (Concrete Masonry) f m = 2500 psi, F s = 32,000 psi, and n = Steel Ratio ρ and ρ Versus K f for f m = 2500 psi, (Concrete Masonry) (Clay Masonry) f m = 3000 psi, F s = 32,000 psi, and n = Steel Ratio ρ and ρ Versus K f for f m = 3000 psi, (Clay Masonry) (Concrete Masonry) f m = 3000 psi, F s = 32,000 psi, and n = Steel Ratio ρ and ρ Versus K f for f m = 3000 psi, (Concrete Masonry) (Clay Masonry) f m = 3500 psi, F s = 32,000 psi, and n =

11 xii REINFORCED MASONRY ENGINEERING HANDBOOK Diagram ASD-78a Table ASD-78b Diagram ASD-78b Table ASD-79a Diagram ASD-79a Table ASD-79b Diagram ASD-79b Table ASD-84a Table ASD-84b Table ASD-85a Table ASD-85b Table ASD-86a Table ASD-86b Table ASD-87 Table ASD-88 Steel Ratio ρ and ρ Versus K f for f m = 3500 psi, (Clay Masonry) (Concrete Masonry) f m = 3500 psi, F s = 32,000 psi, and n = Steel Ratio ρ and ρ Versus K f for f m = 3500 psi, (Concrete Masonry) (Clay Masonry) f m = 4000 psi, F s = 32,000 psi, and n = Steel Ratio ρ and ρ Versus K f for f m = 4000 psi, (Clay Masonry) (Concrete Masonry) f m = 4000 psi, F s = 32,000 psi, and n = Steel Ratio ρ and ρ Versus K f for f m = 4000 psi, (Concrete Masonry) Tied Masonry Compression Capacity for Columns Constructed with 3 /8 in. Head Joints Tied Masonry Compression Capacity for Columns Constructed with 3 /8 in. Head Joints Tied Masonry Compression Capacity for Columns Constructed with 1 /2 in. Head Joints Tied Masonry Compression Capacity for Columns Constructed with 1 /2 in. Head Joints Tied Masonry Compression Capacity for Columns with Nominal Column Dimension Equal to Actual Column Dimension Tied Masonry Compression Capacity for Columns with Nominal Column Dimension Equal to Actual Column Dimension Capacity of Reinforcing Steel in Tied Masonry Columns (kips) Maximum Spacing of Column Ties (inches) GENERAL NOTES TABLES AND DIAGRAMS Table GN-1 Table GN-2 Table GN-3a Table GN-3b Table GN-3c Diagram GN-4 Table GN-6 Table GN-8 Table GN-10 Table GN-12 Table GN-16 Table GN-17 Table GN-18a Table GN-18b Table GN-18c Table GN-19a Table GN-19b Table GN-19c Table GN-19d Table GN-19e Table GN-20a Table GN-20b Table GN-20c Weights of Building Materials Average Weight of Concrete Masonry Units, Pounds Per Unit (16 Long Units) Average Weight of Completed Walls, Pounds per Square Foot, and Equivalent Solid Thickness, Inches (Weight of Grout = 140 pcf) Average Weight of Completed Walls, 1 Pounds per Square Foot, and Equivalent Solid Thickness, Inches (Weight of Grout = 105 pcf) Average Weight of Reinforced Grouted Brick Walls Wall Section Properties (for Use with Tables GN-6 through GN-16) Wall Section Properties of 6 Inch Concrete Masonry, Single Wythe Walls, 8 Inch High, 16 Inch Long Masonry Units, 1 Inch Face Shells Wall Section Properties of 8 Inch Concrete Masonry, Single Wythe Walls, 8 Inch High, 16 Inch Long Masonry Units, 1 1 /4 Inch Face Shells Wall Section Properties of 10 Inch Concrete Masonry, Single Wythe Walls, 8 Inch High, 16 Inch Long Masonry Units, 1 1 /4 Inch Face Shells Wall Section Properties of 12 Inch Concrete Masonry, Single Wythe Walls, 8 Inch High, 16 Inch Long Masonry Units, 1 1 /4 Inch Face Shells Wall Section Properties of 16 Inch Concrete Masonry, Single Wythe Walls, 8 Inch High, 16 Inch Long Masonry Units, 1 1 /4 Inch Face Shells Approximate Measurements of Masonry Materials Approximate Grout Quantities in Structural Clay Masonry Walls Approximate Grout Quantities in Concrete Masonry Walls Approximate Grout Quantities in Double Wythe Brick Construction Properties of Standard Steel Reinforcing Bars SI Properties of Standard Steel Reinforcing Bars (Soft Metric Bar Properties) SI Properties of Standard Metric Steel Reinforcing Bars Overall Diameter of Reinforcing Bars Properties of Steel Reinforcing Wire Areas of Various Combinations of Bars Areas of Reinforcing Steel Per Foot for Various Spacing Areas of Reinforcing Steel per Foot (square inches)...560

12 TABLE OF CONTENTS xiii Table GN-20d Areas of Reinforcing Steel per Foot (square inches) Table GN-21a Maximum Spacing (inches) of Minimum Reinforcing Steel for Special Reinforced Masonry Shear Walls, A s = bt Table GN-21b Maximum Spacing (inches) of Minimum Reinforcing Steel for Special Reinforced Masonry Shear Walls, A s = bt Table GN-21c Maximum Spacing (inches) of Minimum Reinforcing Steel for Special Reinforced Masonry Shear Walls, A s = 0.001bt Table GN-22a Basic Development Length (inches) for Tension and Compression Reinforcing Bars for Minimum Cover and for Cover and Clear Spacing > 9 d b Table GN-22a.1 Maximum Required Reinforcement Development Length (72d b ) for Strength Design Based on IBC, (in.) Table GN-22b Basic Development Length (inches) for Standard Hooks in Tension Table GN-22w Maximum Reinforcement Lap Length for Allowable Stress Design Based on IBC, (in.) Table GN-22x Reinforcement Lap Splice Length Applying Confinement Reinforcement Factor, ξ, f m = 1500 psi Table GN-23a Steel Ratio ρ = A s /bd, A s in Square Inches, b and d in Inches Table GN-23b Steel Ratio ρ = A s /bd, A s in Square Inches, b and d in Inches Table GN-23c Steel Ratio ρ = A s /bd, A s in Square Inches, b and d in Inches Table GN-23d Steel Ratio ρ = A s /bd, A s in Square Inches, b and d in Inches Table GN-23e Steel Ratio ρ = A s /bd, A s in Square Inches, b and d in Inches Table GN-23f Steel Ratio ρ = A s /bd, A s in Square Inches, b and d in Inches Table GN-23g Steel Ratio ρ = A s /bd, A s in Square Inches, b and d in Inches Table GN-23h Steel Ratio ρ = A s /bd, A s in Square Inches, b and d in Inches Table GN-23i Steel Ratio ρ = A s /bd, A s in Square Inches, b and d in Inches Table GN-23j Steel Ratio ρ = A s /bd, A s in Square Inches, b and d in Inches Table GN-23k Steel Ratio ρ = A s /bd, A s in Square Inches, b and d in Inches Table GN-23l Steel Ratio ρ = A s /bd, A s in Square Inches, b and d in Inches Table GN-23m Steel Ratio ρ = A s /bd, A s in Square Inches, b and d in Inches Table GN-24a Ratio of Steel Area to Gross Cross-Sectional Area Table GN-24b Maximum Area of Reinforcement in a CMU Cell Table GN-24c Maximum Number of Reinforcing Bars per Cell Table GN-25a Conversion of English Measurement Systems Table GN-25b Conversion of Metric Measurement Systems Table GN-25c SI Prefixes for Magnitude Table GN-26a Length Equivalents Inches to Millimeters Table GN-26b Length Equivalents Feet to Meters Table GN-27 Force Equivalents Pounds Force to Newtons Table GN-28a Masonry and Steel Stresses psi to MPa and kg/cm Table GN-28b Pressure and Stress Equivalents Pounds per Square Inch to Kilogram per Square Centimeter Table GN-28c Pressure and Stress Equivalents Pounds per Square Inch to Kilopascals Table GN-28d Pressure and Stress Equivalents Pounds per Square Foot to Pascals Table GN-29a Moment Equivalents Foot Pounds Force to Newton Meters Table GN-29b Moment Equivalents Foot Kips Force to Kilogram Meters Table GN-30 Pounds per Linear Foot Equivalents to Kilograms per Meter Table GN-31 Moment per Unit Length Equivalents Foot Pounds Force per Foot to Newton Meters per Meters Table GN-32 Allowable Compressive Stresses for Empirical Design of Masonry Table GN-89a Coefficients for Deflection and Rigidity of Walls or Piers for Distribution of Horizontal Forces Table GN-89b Coefficients for Deflection and Rigidity of Walls or Piers for Distribution of Horizontal Forces Table GN-89c Coefficients for Deflection and Rigidity of Walls or Piers for Distribution of Horizontal Forces...595

13 xiv REINFORCED MASONRY ENGINEERING HANDBOOK Table GN-89d Table GN-89e Table GN-89f Table GN-89g Coefficients for Deflection and Rigidity of Walls or Piers for Distribution of Horizontal Forces Coefficients for Deflection and Rigidity of Walls or Piers for Distribution of Horizontal Forces Coefficients for Deflection and Rigidity of Walls or Piers for Distribution of Horizontal Forces Coefficients for Deflection and Rigidity of Walls or Piers for Distribution of Horizontal Forces STRENGTH DESIGN TABLES AND DIAGRAMS Table SD-2 Table SD-3 Table SD-4 Table SD-5 Table SD-6 Table SD-7 Table SD-12 Table SD-14 Table SD-15 Table SD-16 Table SD-17 Table SD-18 Table SD-19 Table SD-22 Table SD-24 Table SD-26 Diagram SD-26 Table SD-27 Diagram SD-27 Table SD-91a Table SD-91b Table SD-91c Table SD-91d Table SD-92a Table SD-92b Table SD-92c Coefficients for Flexural Strength Design: f m = 1500 psi and f y = 60,000 psi Coefficients for Flexural Strength Design: f m = 2000 psi and f y = 60,000 psi Coefficients for Flexural Strength Design: f m = 2500 psi and f y = 60,000 psi Coefficients for Flexural Strength Design: f m = 3000 psi and f y = 60,000 psi Coefficients for Flexural Strength Design: f m = 3500 psi and f y = 60,000 psi Coefficients for Flexural Strength Design: f m = 4000 psi and f y = 60,000 psi Design Coefficient q for the Determination of the Reinforcing Ratio ρ Moment Capacity of Walls and Beams: f m = 1500 psi and f y = 60,000 psi Moment Capacity of Walls and Beams: f m = 2000 psi and f y = 60,000 psi Moment Capacity of Walls and Beams: f m = 2500 psi and f y = 60,000 psi Moment Capacity of Walls and Beams: f m = 3000 psi and f y = 60,000 psi Moment Capacity of Walls and Beams: f m = 3500 psi and f y = 60,000 psi Moment Capacity of Walls and Beams: f m = 4000 psi and f y = 60,000 psi Standard Reinforcement Bends and Hooks Modulus of Rupture (f r ) for Clay and Concrete Masonry (psi) Maximum Nominal Shear Stress Provided by Masonry, V nm, psi Maximum Nominal Shear Stress Provided by Masonry, V nm, psi Maximum Nominal Shear of Masonry and Reinforcement, V n, psi Maximum Nominal Shear Stress Provided by Masonry and Reinforcing Steel, V n, psi Allowable Tension B anb (lbs) for Headed and Bent-Bar Anchor Bolts in Clay and Concrete Masonry Based on the Masonry Breakout Strength Allowable Tension B anp (lbs) for Bent-Bar Anchor Bolts in Clay and Concrete Masonry Based on the Masonry Pullout Strength Reduction in Masonry Allowable Tension Breakout, Shear Breakout and Shear Pryout Force Due to Anchor Spacing and Edge Distance Allowable Tension B ans (lbs) for Embedded Headed Anchor Bolts in Clay and Concrete Masonry Based on A307 Anchor Bolts Allowable Shear B vnb (lbs) for Headed and Bent-Bar Anchor Bolts in Clay and Concrete Masonry Based on the Masonry Breakout Strength Allowable Shear B vnpry (lbs) for Headed and Bent-Bar Anchor Bolts in Clay and Concrete Masonry Based on the Masonry Pryout Strength Allowable Shear B vnc (lbs) for Embedded Anchor Bolts in Clay and Concrete Masonry Based on the Masonry Crushing Strength and Strength of ASTM A307 Anchor Bolt Material CHAPTER 15 REFERENCES CHAPTER 16 INDEX...635

14 PREFACE xv PREFACE In 1970, James Amrhein recognized that a comprehensive engineering design handbook was needed which would encompass the coefficients, tables, charts and design data required for the design of reinforced masonry structures. Mr. Amrhein tried to fulfill these requirements with the first edition of this publication. Since then, subsequent editions have been improved and expanded to comply with applicable editions of the Uniform Building Code and International Building Code keeping pace with the growth of reinforced masonry engineering. The authors would like this book to be as useful as possible to designers of reinforced masonry by eliminating repetitious and routine calculations. This publication will increase the understanding and reduce the time required for masonry design. The detail and design requirements included in this book are based upon the 2012 edition of the International Building Code published by the International Code Council, and ASCE/SEI 7-10, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures published by the American Society of Civil Engineers. Also included in this edition is information and design tables based on the code reference document, TMS 402/ACI 530/ASCE 5 Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures. In addition to the code requirements, this publication includes sound engineering practices to serve as a guide to the engineer and designer. There may be several design and analysis methods and the results for the design can be somewhat different. Techniques included in this publication have been reviewed by competent engineers who have found the results to be satisfactory and safe. The authors welcome recommendations for the extension and improvement of the material and any new design techniques for future editions.